7 research outputs found
Effects of 1-year intervention with a mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk
Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence.
An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a
protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed
by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of
intervention.
Methods: A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-
year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly
assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet.
Results: After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma
concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects
in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and a-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of
myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-c-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the
Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and a-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and
prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants.
Conclusions: The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of
MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS
without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content
Dietary a-Linolenic acid, Marine x-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: findings from the PREevención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study
Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine x-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids)
intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated
whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total
energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the
society’s recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day).
Methods and Results-—We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenci on con DIeta MEDiterr anea (PREDIMED) trial.
Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressionmodels were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated towalnut consumption (r=0.94).
During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25
stroke). The hazard ratios formeeting ALArecommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all-causemortality and 0.95
(95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios formeeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all-causemortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease,
0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in
all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]).
Conclusions-—In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by
walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived
long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial
Background: Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to
their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipids and
insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between the intake
of total polyphenols intake and polyphenol subclasses with overall mortality. Our aim was to evaluate whether
polyphenol intake is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
Methods: We used data from the PREDIMED study, a 7,447-participant, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter,
controlled five-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean Diet in primary prevention of
cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated food
frequency questionnaires (FFQ) with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported
food. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between polyphenol intake and mortality were estimated
using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models.
Results: Over an average of 4.8 years of follow-up, we observed 327 deaths. After multivariate adjustment, we
found a 37% relative reduction in all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total
polyphenol intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.12). Among the polyphenol subclasses,
stilbenes and lignans were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR =0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91; P for
trend = 0.04 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.03, respectively), with no significant associations apparent
in the rest (flavonoids or phenolic acids).
Conclusions: Among high-risk subjects, those who reported a high polyphenol intake, especially of stilbenes and
lignans, showed a reduced risk of overall mortality compared to those with lower intakes. These results may be useful
to determine optimal polyphenol intake or specific food sources of polyphenols that may reduce the risk of all-cause
mortality.
Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN35739639
Changes in plasma total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid are related to pro-inflammatory molecule IL-6 concentrations after nutritional intervention for one year
Systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Circulating fatty acids (FA) are known to be related to these conditions, possibly through their role in inflammation, although different types of FAs can have opposite effects on inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of plasma FAs with inflammatory biomarkers in a PREDIMED trial subsample after one year of intervention. In a one-year longitudinal study of 91 participants of the PREDIMED trial (Barcelona-Clinic center), plasma FAs and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using gas chromatography and ELISA, respectively. In baseline plasma, a multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression model showed that n-3 polyunsaturated FAs concentrations were inversely associated with concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin, whereas the level of the most abundant saturated FA, palmitic acid, was directly associated with concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (beta = 0.48 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93 per 1-SD increase, p-value = 0.037). After one year of nutritional intervention, changes of plasma diet-derived total saturated FAs and palmitic acid were directly associated with changes in IL6 (beta = 0.59 pg/mL [95% CI: 0.28, 0.89] per 1-SD, p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.64 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.98, p-value = 0.001), respectively, after correction for multiple testing. Our findings suggest that saturated FAs of dietary origin, especially palmitic acid, are directly involved in the increase of IL-6 in plasma
Dietary [alfa]-linolenic acid, marine [omega]-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: findings from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study
Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of a-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived x-3 fatty acid. It
is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine x-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids)
intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated
whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total
energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the
society’s recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day)
Dietary [alfa]-linolenic acid, marine [omega]-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: findings from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study
Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of a-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived x-3 fatty acid. It
is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine x-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids)
intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated
whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total
energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the
society’s recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day)
Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial
Background: Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to
their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipids and
insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between the intake
of total polyphenols intake and polyphenol subclasses with overall mortality. Our aim was to evaluate whether
polyphenol intake is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
Methods: We used data from the PREDIMED study, a 7,447-participant, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter,
controlled five-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean Diet in primary prevention of
cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated food
frequency questionnaires (FFQ) with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported
food. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between polyphenol intake and mortality were estimated
using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models.
Results: Over an average of 4.8 years of follow-up, we observed 327 deaths. After multivariate adjustment, we
found a 37% relative reduction in all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total
polyphenol intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.12). Among the polyphenol subclasses,
stilbenes and lignans were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR =0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91; P for
trend = 0.04 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.03, respectively), with no significant associations apparent
in the rest (flavonoids or phenolic acids).
Conclusions: Among high-risk subjects, those who reported a high polyphenol intake, especially of stilbenes and
lignans, showed a reduced risk of overall mortality compared to those with lower intakes. These results may be useful
to determine optimal polyphenol intake or specific food sources of polyphenols that may reduce the risk of all-cause
mortality.
Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN35739639