A Novel Performance Framework and Methodology to Analyze the Impact of 4D Trajectory Based Operations in the Future Air Traffic Management System

The introduction of new Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts such as Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) may produce a significant impact in all performance areas, that is, safety, capacity, flight efficiency, and others. The performance framework in use today has been tailored to the operational needs of the current ATM system and must evolve to fulfill the new needs and challenges brought by the TBO content. This paper presents a novel performance assessment framework and methodology adapted to the TBO concept. This framework can assess the key performance areas (KPAs) of safety, capacity, and flight efficiency; equity and fairness are also considered in this research, in line with recent ATM trends. A case study is presented to show the applicability of the framework and to illustrate how some of the complex interdependencies among KPAs can be captured with the proposed approach. This case study explores the TBO concept of “strategic 4D trajectory deconfliction,” where the early separation tasks of 4D trajectories at multisector level are assessed. The framework presented in this paper could potentially support the target-setting and performance requirements identification that should be fulfilled in the future ATM system to ensure determined levels of performance

Automatic-dependent surveillance-broadcast experimental deployment using system wide information management

This paper describes an automatic-dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) implementation for air-to-air and ground-based experimental surveillance within a prototype of a fully automated air traffic management (ATM) system, under a trajectory-based-operations paradigm. The system is built using an air-inclusive implementation of system wide information management (SWIM). This work describes the relations between airborne and ground surveillance (SURGND), the prototype surveillance systems, and their algorithms. System's performance is analyzed with simulated and real data. Results show that the proposed ADS-B implementation can fulfill the most demanding surveillance accuracy requirements

Estudio de tecnologías y protocolos de comunicación para redes de sensores inalámbricos aplicados a la agricultura: revisión bibliográfica

La agricultura es un sector importante de la economía brasilera y mundial, y así como otros sectores, se beneficia por el uso de la tecnología. Sin embargo, existen barreras tecnológicas, principalmente cuando se trata de la infraestructura de las redes de comunicación, lo que permitiría que las automatizaciones agrícolas sean más intensificadas. Con base en estos desafíos y para minimizarlos, este artículo tiene como finalidad, mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica, describir las características de las principales tecnologías WSN utilizadas en soluciones IoT, analizando variables importantes en estas aplicaciones, con el objetivo de resolver problemas comunes en el área agrícola, principalmente, donde la comunicación requiere mayores alcances y donde existen limitaciones de alimentación de la red eléctrica, para de esta forma, indicar las tecnologías y protocolos de comunicación para las redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN) usados para comunicación máquina a máquina (M2M) en diferentes escenarios de automatización de actividades agrícolas. Dentro de estas metodologías, fueron escogidas como objeto de este estudio: WiFi (ah), ZigBee, SigFox e LoRa. La realización de este estudio será fundamental para la realización de trabajos futuros, donde serán realizadas pruebas con estas tecnologías en escenarios propuestos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Definition of an aircraft intent description language for air traffic management applications

To accommodate the expected growth of the air transport industry, the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is required to increase its performance in terms of capacity, efficiency and security whilst maintaining adequate levels of safety and reducing the environmental impact of aircraft operations. In addition, there is a urgent need to allow the different actors in the ATM system the flexibility to accommodate their preferences,so that they can better pursue their respective business objectives. To deal effectively with all these challenges, the current trend is to increase the levels of automation and integration in the system. Different ATM modernisation initiatives pursuit the shift towards a Trajectory Base Operations (TBO) environment, where different ATM users (e.g.,, Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP), Airlines Operations Center (AOC), pi- lots, controllers, airport authorities) will exchange trajectory-related information in order to collaboratively make decisions in an e±ficient and fair way. An increasing number of Decision Support Tools (DSTs) are being developed and implemented to enhance both airborne and ground-based automation systems to support the human in TBO. Since these DSTs have to help humans to make decisions in TBO, they must contain the capability to predict trajectories. However, different DSTs will in principle rely on different trajectory predictors (TP), which may produce different, inconsistent trajectories for the same flight. This lack of consistency among predictions is seen as a key issue for the integration of current and future DSTs. Coordination between TPs is the key to ensure coordination between air-ground, ground -ground and air-air DSTs and hence the successful evolution and application of the TBO concept. This thesis proposes a standard method to describe trajectories that can allow different DSTs to express and exchange their views of the predicted trajectory of an aircraft. This method, called the Aircraft Intent Description Language (AIDL), provides the necessary mechanisms to formulate the aircraft intent. The aircraft intent is defined as the unambiguous description of how the aircraft is to be operated within a certain time frame. Since the mathematical formulation of this concept is needed for the computation of a trajectory, each TP has their own format of aircraft intent. However, the uncoordinated research in trajectory prediction has driven to different models of this aircraft intent,which has precluded its use to coordinate trajectory predictions of different TPs. The use of the AIDL as an standard mean to describe trajectories permits an easy construction and manipulation of trajectories between different TPs. The scope of this thesis is limited to an AIDL that describes airborne operations of civil aircraft, in particular turbofan and turbojet aircraft. However, the methodology exposed in this thesis to obtain the AIDL can be easily applied to ground operations and other type of aircraft and air vehicles (e.g., propellers, helicopters) to extend the scope and applicability of the AIDL. The AIDL is characterised by an alphabet and a grammar. The AIDL grammar contains both lexical and syntactical rules. These rules ensure that the aircraft intent contains the necessary and sufficient information that is needed to compute a trajectory. The development of these rules is based on a rigourous mathematical analysis using Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) theory. The lexical rules in the AIDL's grammar govern the formulation of the words of the language by combining elements from the AIDL's alphabet. This alphabet contains a set of atomic primitives, equivalent to the letters in the English alphabet, called instructions, which capture basic commands and guidance modes at the disposal of the pilot/FMS to direct the operation of the aircraft in the ATM context. Instructions can be seen as minimal indivisible pieces of information describing distinct ways of closing one of the aircraft motion's degrees of freedom. Mathematically, an instruction is characterised by an equation that is to be satisfied simultaneously with the equations of motion during a certain time interval, denoted as the execution interval of the instructions. The words of the AIDL are called operations. An operation represents an elemental aircraft behaviour that determines its motion unambiguously during a specific time interval denoted as the operation interval. An operation is the result of a set of compatible instructions simultaneously active during the corresponding operation interval. The syntactical rules in the AIDL govern the definition of sentences, which are formed by sequences of operations. These rules allow expressing any possible behaviour that can be elicited from an aircraft in the ATM context. While each DST may have a different input format to describe aircraft intent, the AIDL is designed in such a way that these different inputs can be seen as 'dialects' of the AIDL. Thus, the AIDL can be used as a lingua franca by different the DSTs, which would use it as the common standard to communicate aircraft intent with each other. The possible applications of the AIDL in a TBO environment are manifold. For instance, aircraft intent information expressed using the AIDL could be exchanged as part of a negotiation process between airborne and ground-based automation systems. Air-air synchronisation based on aircraft intent could permit the coordinated operation of Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by means of exchanging their future behaviour expressed as aircraft intent. Ground-ground aircraft intent sharing would enable a common and efficient treatment of aircraft trajectories in such a way that any amendment could be easily shared between different automation tools

A Novel Performance Framework and Methodology to Analyze the Impact of 4D Trajectory Based Operations in the Future Air Traffic Management System

The introduction of new Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts such as Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) may produce a significant impact in all performance areas, that is, safety, capacity, flight efficiency, and others. The performance framework in use today has been tailored to the operational needs of the current ATM system and must evolve to fulfill the new needs and challenges brought by the TBO content. This paper presents a novel performance assessment framework and methodology adapted to the TBO concept. This framework can assess the key performance areas (KPAs) of safety, capacity, and flight efficiency; equity and fairness are also considered in this research, in line with recent ATM trends. A case study is presented to show the applicability of the framework and to illustrate how some of the complex interdependencies among KPAs can be captured with the proposed approach. This case study explores the TBO concept of “strategic 4D trajectory deconfliction,” where the early separation tasks of 4D trajectories at multisector level are assessed. The framework presented in this paper could potentially support the target-setting and performance requirements identification that should be fulfilled in the future ATM system to ensure determined levels of performance

Advanced Flight Efficiency Key Performance Indicators to support Air Traffic Analytics: Assessment of European flight efficiency using ADS-B data

DASC 2018: 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, London, England, UK, 23-27 September 201