‘X Journalism’. Exploring journalism’s diverse meanings through the names we give it

In this article we propose the notion of X Journalism as an observational tool and concept. It owes its existence to a simple observation: the evolution of journalism is accompanied by the emergence of ever-new journalism-related terms, i.e. combinations of the word ‘journalism’ with a particular modifying term that represents and signals a certain specificity and novelty. Examples include ‘robot journalism’, ‘foundation- funded journalism’, ‘cross-border journalism’, or ‘solutions journalism’ – just to name a few. To date, we have collected and mapped 166 X journalisms and have ‘crowd- categorized’ them into clusters according to the different aspects they refer to. We explore X Journalism as a concept, present our mapping, and show how it can help to cope with journalism’s increasing complexity, grasp the diversity of the field, trace its constant evolution, as well as identify patterns and interrelations between these different movements and occurrences. Through a test case of audience-related X journalisms we demonstrate an empirical application before illustrating the theoretical compatibility of X Journalism and suggesting a research agenda that highlights potentials for X Journalism-driven studies.<br/

Технологические решения для строительства эксплуатационной наклонно-направленной скважины глубиной 2775 метров на нефтяном месторождении Томской области

Цель работы – проектирование строительства наклонно-направленной эксплуатационной скважины глубиной 2775 метров на Соболином нефтяном месторождении Томской области. В данной работе приведены данные о параметрах сооружения скважины, рассмотрены процессы бурения и заканчивания скважин, выбрано соответствующее оборудование, а также затронуты вопросы воздействия на окружающую среду и оценена экономическая эффективность строительства скважины. В данной работе также содержатся исследования абразивного воздействия твердой фазы бурового раствора на эластомеры винтовых забойных двигателей с целью их модификации. Выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена с упором на современные достижения в области строительства нефтяных и газовых скважин.The aim of the work is the design of the construction of a directional production well with a depth of 2,775 meters at the Sobolinoe oil field in the Tomsk Region. In this paper, data are given on the parameters of well construction, drilling and completion of wells are considered, equipment is selected, and issues related to the economic state of the well are discussed. This paper also contains the results of studies conducted in accordance with the current regulations. Graduation qualification work was carried out with an emphasis on modern achievements in the field of construction of oil and gas wells

Management and resistance in the digital newsroom

What happens when there is conflict between the profit motivations of a news outlet and the professional values of its journalists? Questions of managerial influence and journalistic autonomy have interested media scholars from the seminal work of Warren Breed onwards. However, there have only been a handful of studies since the introduction of audience metrics which, this research suggests, allow managers to more efficiently monitor and discipline their journalists. This article presents an ethnographic case study of a Reuters newswire bureau during a time of conflict between the management and journalists. The article outlines the strategies that management used to incentivize their journalists to change their reporting priorities. These included the strategic dissemination of audience metrics and praise, and the hiring and promotion of ‘appropriate’ journalists to positions of influence. These interventions changed who was considered a ‘good journalist’ at the newswire, disrupting existing hierarchies, and eventually changing the culture of the newsroom. The article draws on the insights of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to help explain how managerial power operates, and the role that individual journalists play producing and reinforcing newsroom norms

Dissection of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Pathology in 1-Month-Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Men, Part 2: Response to Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Naloxone

Pituitary and adrenal responsiveness is suppressed in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. To clarify the specific organizational disruption in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning during early abstinence, the authors separately assessed each level of the stress-response axis. In this second of a two-part study, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRH) was used to stimulate the pituitary corticotrophs, and naloxone was used to activate the axis at the hypothalamic level. In addition, pulsatile characteristics of corticotropin and cortisol were assessed over a 12-hr period (0800 to 2000 hr). Methods : Eleven abstinent alcohol-dependent men and 10 healthy comparison participants were assessed. All participants were between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and alcohol-dependent patients were abstinent from 4 to 6 weeks. Basal concentrations of corticotropin and cortisol were obtained every 10 min from 0800 to 2000 hr and subjected to pulsatile analysis. Plasma corticotropin and cortisol concentrations were then obtained every 5 to 10 min after low-dose, intravenously administered doses of oCRH (0.4 μg/kg) or naloxone (0.125 mg/kg). Medications were administered at 2000 hr and the two challenge studies were separated by 48 hr. Results : Pulsatile analysis revealed that the mean corticotropin amplitude was increased in alcohol-dependent patients relative to controls ( p < 0.05). Other pulsatile characteristics of corticotropin and all cortisol pulsatile measures were not significantly different between the two groups. The integrated cortisol response to oCRH was significantly lower in alcohol-dependent patients compared with controls ( p < 0.01), but the integrated corticotropin response was not significantly different. In contrast, neither the corticotropin nor the cortisol response to naloxone was significantly different between groups. Conclusions : Adrenocorticoid hyposensitivity persists after oCRH infusion for at least 1 month after cessation of drinking, whereas hyporesponsiveness of the pituitary corticotrophs to CRH seems to resolve with continued abstinence. The authors suggest that adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness during prolonged abstinence may impact relapse risk.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65174/1/01.ALC.0000158939.25531.EE.pd