AI Recruiting Tools at ShipIt2Me.com

In recent years, we have seen a dramatic increase in business interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and the number of companies that implement AI-related technologies. Thus, current and future employees need understand AI. In this paper, we present a teaching case based on a fictitious company for information systems or business courses at the undergraduate or graduate level. The case introduces students to ShipIt2Me.com (“ShipIt2Me”), a fictitious American e-commerce company that developed an AI human resources recruiting tool to help it hire cloud computing talent. The teaching case summarizes AI concepts and the opportunity for students to examine the advantages and disadvantages of using AI tools in human resources recruiting

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Using an expert system to debias auditor judgment: an experimental study

In the audit profession, judgment and decision making are essential parts of successfully completing an audit. Judgment is a crucial element of the audit process, especially with recent increase in audit regulations. At every step of the audit, auditors are required to make several complex judgments. Psychology and audit research demonstrate that auditors are susceptible to numerous biases, two of which are exacerbated by the accountability inherent in the audit environment. Since the nature of the audit environment requires auditor accountability, this dissertation examines two biases that have been shown to be exacerbated by accountability – the dilution effect and acceptability heuristic bias. This dissertation consists of three separate essays. Two of this dissertation’s essays experimentally examine whether use of an expert system as a decision aid in developing less experienced auditor judgment mitigates these two biases - the dilution effect (Chapter 2) and the acceptability heuristic (Chapter 3) - on auditor judgment in a complex task (fraud risk assessment). An expert system was chosen as the decision aid because research has demonstrated that expert systems have a high level of accuracy, resulting in more appropriate judgments made by less experienced auditors. The third essay is an exploratory study using process tracing that analyzes the decision making process of less experienced auditors using the expert system in an environment without and with judgment bias present - the dilution effect. The first essay experimentally examines whether an expert system assists less experienced auditors in making lower fraud risk assessments and mitigates the dilution effect. The dilution effect is a judgment bias which occurs when too much focus is spent on irrelevant information. This bias is exacerbated in auditors when they are knowingly held accountable to their superiors. A solution has yet to be offered to materially reduce this bias. The second essay experimentally examines whether the use of an expert system as a decision aid mitigates acceptability heuristic. The acceptability heuristic is the shifting towards the preferences of another and adopting a position that is deemed socially acceptable. This bias predominantly occurs when auditors are knowingly held accountable to their superiors. Prior studies have shown less experienced auditors who are aware of the views of audit partners, will align their judgments to agree with that of the partners’. This negative auditor judgment bias has been an area researchers have vastly studied, yet a method to reduce it has not been offered in the literature. The third essay is an exploratory analysis which uses process tracing to analyze the thought processes of less experienced auditors in making decisions in an environment where a judgment bias occurs - the dilution effect. This essay used a subset of participants from the dilution effect study (Chapter 2) and during the experiment, participants were asked to think aloud to gain further insight into the dilution effect. The think aloud process also captures factors about the process of using the expert system which contributed towards the mitigation of this bias. Auditor decision making process with and without the use of an expert system will be captured both within and between the participant groups.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Danielle R. Lombard

Cyberespionage Goes Mobile: FastTrans Company Attacked

The use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, in the workplace continues to increase. However, these devices’ capabilities make them a prime target for espionage activities. Thus, employees need to understand mobile espionage and how to protect against it. In this paper, we present a teaching case based on two fictitious self-driving car competitors that educators across the world can use in information systems or business courses at the undergraduate or graduate levels. The case introduces students to FastTransportation Company (“FastTrans”), a fictitious American multinational car manufacturing company, who suspects its rival, Wheelz Corporation, a leading ride-hailing company, of engaging in corporate mobile espionage to steal and use trade secrets from its self-driving car division

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data