Inheritance of ornamental traits in bird cherry families with the cultivar ‘Nezhnost’ in their pedigree

Background. Bird cherry plants are highly ornamental; they are diverse in shape, size and color of leaves and flowers, flowering and fruiting schedules. At present, they are widely used for landscaping parks and public gardens. In Russia there is a need to release new highly ornamental and winter-hardy cultivars using the genetic potential of both known and newly developed genotypes.Materials and methods. In our experiment we used a pink-flowered sample found by R. A. Mastinskaya in the vicinity of Novosibirsk and transferred to Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, where it was studied and released as a cultivar named ‘Nezhnost’. One of its seedlings from free pollination became known as No. 11-5-37. Crosses included cvs. ‘Colorata’ (source of the spring red leaf trait), ‘Purpurnaya Svecha’ (summer/autumn red leaf), ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ (number of flowers, and brush length), accessions Nos. 1-1-8 and 11-1-8 from the Central Siberian Botanical Garden’s collection (diameter of flowers and inflorescences), and selected forms “Tereshkovoy 38” and “Tereshkovoy 48/2” planted in Akademgorodok (brush length, number of flowers, and flower diameter).Results. Unlike European genotypes, these cultivars and hybrids are adapted to the conditions of Siberia. Over a long observation period, freezing was not observed on plants even in the most severe winters. Our data indicate a manifold composition of the gene complexes controlling the manifestation of both the pink flower trait and spring red leaves.Conclusion. A possibility of obtaining pink-flowered seedlings in a number of cross combinations and peculiarities of the inheritance of traits in them are shown. Five hybrids were identified for combining valuable traits; they are promising for ornamental and breeding uses. Some of them have already been developed into new ornamental cultivars

The effect of humoral factors released by hypoperfused placenta on fetal development

Simulation of hypoperfusion of the right uterine horn in rats on the 14th day of pregnancy resulted in disruption of microcirculation in placentas of the left uterine horn, decrease of fetal weight and length as well as in fetal death after implantation. The obtained data complement the overall understanding of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and placental insufficiency and create preconditions for development of new areas of creation of effective drugs for treatment and prevention of these pathologie

Development of large-fruited bird cherry cultivars on the basis of wild species for northern and eastern regions of Russia

Bird cherry occupies a special place among stone fruit plants. Its fruits, collected in nature, were widely used by local communities, native to regions with severe climate. Development of new bird cherry cultivars, well adapted to such environments, with stable productivity and larger fruit, is a necessity.Crossings were performed involving the most large-fruited genotypes of Prunus padus L.  and P. virginiana L.,  selected during the study of their intraspecific variability and interspecific hybrids. A number of hybrids were identified for their considerably higher fruit weight than that of both parents. Crossing the most large-fruited hybrid cultivars ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ and ‘Cherny blesk’ with large-fruited P. padus samples from Bondarev No. 11-2-64, No. 11-2-70, No. 11-2-76, and P. virginiana samples No. 1-14-1 and No. 10-5-2, produced many hybrids with a fruit weight gain of 20–50% over the parent with the largest fruit. It can be explained by the polygenic nature of fruit weight inheritance. The samples with the largest fruits had an average fruit weight of 1.4–1.5 g and maximum weight of 1.8–1.9 g. Many of them combined large fruit size with good quality and high productivity. Brief descriptions of fruit traits are presented for several hybrids. Suppositions are made about the prospects of further breeding for the large fruit trait on the basis of the same genetic sources or with the use of other sources of large fruit size in hybridization.Thus, preliminary selection of the best genotypes in nature and in introduced populations, followed by their crossing within their own species and with other species, makes it possible to produce genotypes with larger fruits than the average fruit size for a population and considerably larger than in their parents. It would help to develop bird cherry cultivars, well adapted to local conditions, for amateur and industrial horticulture under different climate conditions of Russia

Future image spatio-temporal component features in students with different locus of control

Approaches to the locus of control problem, future image in terms of life plans aggregate formation, their realization ways and methods determination studying are analysing in the article. The spatio-temporal component includes future development in space, that can be considered in terms of space range for life plans realization; organization, that is, life plans provision with means for their realization; extension of the future in tim

The effect of arginase ii selective inhibitors on the functional parameters of experimental animals in ADMA–like preeclampsia

Perinatal mortality rate and the rate of preterm birth (10-12%) in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders far outweigh the corresponding values in women with physiological pregnancy. Despite such close attention worldwide to this problem, today the number of this complication has no tendency to decreas

SPECIFIC FEATURES IN THE EXPRESSION OF INTRASPECIES VARIABILITY OF PRUNUS PUMILA FRUITS IN CHELYABINSK PROVINCE IN THE PROCESS OF INTRODUCTION

Background. The studied population of Prunus pumila L. has been introduced into Chelyabinsk Province, as its natural area of distribution is in North America. Of interest for researchers is the introduced population’s variability, induced by the effect of soil and climate factors natural for its new habitat.Materials and methods. A collection of 197 plants was employed to study the variability of P. pumila. Morphological characters were described in compliance with atlases dedicated to seed and fruit descriptive morphology, with some adjustments concerning specific features of the subfamily Prunoideae Focke. The confidence interval for means was calculated using the reliability criterion of t2 = 2.576. The degree of variation was assessed for the studied characters according to S. A. Mamaev’s scale.Results and conclusion. The average fruit weight was 2.49±0.11 g and varied from 1.25 to 5.15 g. The average stone weight was 0.25±0.01 g. Out of the number of morphometric traits, almost all linear characters of fruit and stone size had low variability (coefficient of variation [V]: 8–12%). Of those linear characters, only the peduncle length showed medium variability (V = 13–20%). The stone weight also had medium variability, while the fruit weight demonstrated high variability (V = 21–30%). The fruit shape was subglobose (40.3%), less frequently ovate (20.9%), ovoid (20.9%), broadly ovoid (9.7%), cordate (6.1%) or elliptic (2.0%). The ventral suture was usually barely noticeable, less frequently moderately (3.1%) or strongly expressed (1.0%). Polymorphism was observed in the pulp color, which was usually green-pink (72.8%). The P. pumila stone shape was elliptic (38.1%) or subglobose (34.0%), less frequently prolate (10.7%), ovoid (13.2%) or obovate (4.1%). The stone was symmetrically shaped from the ventral suture and sides, usually looking subglobose from the sides. The shape of the stone’s apex was rounded (85.3%) or, less frequently, obtusely mucronate (15.7%); its base was rounded (80.7%), often attenuate (15.7%), less frequently slightly slanted (3.6%). The stone surface texture was smooth (57.4%), often slightly costate (36.5%). There were several cases of a more costate surface of the stone (6.1%). Thus, the introduced population was found to have broad polymorphism of morphological characters in the fruit and the stone. A considerable increase was observed in morphometric indicators, including the size of fruit and stone, compared with those typical for the species in natural environments, which may be of special significance for breeders. The fusiform shape of the stone, characteristic of var. depressa Pursh. in its natural habitat, was absent in the introduced population

Subjective factors and psychological characteristics of students’ selfrealization as a reflection of their psychological well-being in the process of university learning

The purpose of this research is to determine psychological conditions and signs of students’ selfrealization in university training. Psychological survey methods were used in this research. Students’ needmotivational features, meaning-setting characteristics, self-attitude properties and purposelife orientations were scrutinized. As a result the connection between the level of students’ selfrealization and positive motivation of learning, as well as integrity and meaning consistency of their Selfconcept is stated. The conclusion is made on necessity to apply individual-oriented forms of teachin

Integrated evaluation of the endothelioprotective activity of an innovative peptide simulating the alpha-helix of B-erythropoethin in L-name-induced nitrogen oxide deficiency at the late gestation period

To study the efficiency of using carbamylated darbepoetin, asialized erythropoietin and an 11-amino acid peptide that simulating the spatial structure of the B-erythropoietin alpha-helix in the correction of L-NAME-induced nitric oxide deficiency in the late gestation perio