Passo à frente [Depoimento a Rodrigo de Oliveira Andrade]

Parceria entre \ud FAPESP e NSF une \ud pesquisadores do \ud Brasil e dos \ud Estados Unidos \ud para conhecerem \ud melhor os \ud processos que \ud afetam a \ud biodiversidade \ud brasileir

Wood anatomy of major Bignoniaceae clades

The circumscription of Bignoniaceae genera and tribes has undergone major changes following an increased understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the family. While DNA sequence data have repeatedly reconstructed major clades within the family, some of the clades recovered still lack diagnostic morpho-anatomical features, complicating their recognition. In this study we investigated the wood anatomy of all major lineages of Bignoniaceae (except Tourrettieae) in search for anatomical synapomorphies for clades. We sampled 158 species of Bignoniaceae, representing 67 out of the 82 genera currently recognized. Detailed descriptions of quantitative and qualitative wood anatomical features are presented for each clade and interpreted in the light of a molecular phylogeny for the family. Jacarandae are characterized by a paratracheal winged-aliform parenchyma, with the traditional subdivision of Jacaranda into sections Monolobos and Dilobos supported by the uniseriate and homocellular rays of Monolobos versus the wide and heterocellular rays of Dilobos. Tecomeae s.s. are characterized by scanty paratracheal parenchyma, septate fibers, and heterocellular rays, traits also found in Delostoma, a genus previously included in Tecomeae s.l., but recently shown to represent a separate lineage. Crescentiina includes two sub-clades, the Tabebuia alliance and the Paleotropical clade, which share abundant aliform parenchyma, short and mainly homocellular rays, less commonly with heterocellular rays with body procumbent and one row of marginal square cells. Members of the Tabebuia alliance and the Paleotropical clade can be distinguished from each other by the narrow vessels with a widespread storied structure found in members of the Tabebuia alliance, versus the vessels with medium to wide width and a non-storied structure found in members of the Paleotropical clade. Oroxyleae are characterized by a combination of simple and foraminate perforation plates and homocellular rays, while Catalpeae are characterized by scanty paratracheal parenchyma, abundant tyloses and vessel-ray pits simple to semi-bordered. Bignonieae differ from all other clades by a variant secondary growth and a typically lianoid wood anatomy. Overall, wood anatomical characters are not very labile within the family, being distributed across clades in a very predictive manner. Several anatomical characters represent good anatomical synapomorphies and provide further support to clades identified in molecular phylogenetic studies.The authors are indebted to Alex C. Wiedenhoeft, Mike Wiemann and Regis Miller from the Forest Products Laboratory for warmly hosting us and allowing the study of the entire MADw collection (Madison, Wisconsin); Maria José Miranda and Raphael Pigozzo from the Institute of Technological Research (IPT, BCTw, São Paulo) for slides of Sparattosperma, Handroanthus and Tabebuia; Alexandre Zuntini, Anselmo Nogueira, Diana Sampaio, Mariane Souza-Baena, Milton Groppo from the Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil), Márdel Lopes from the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil), and Luzmilla Arroyo and Daniel Villaboel of the Museo Noel Kempff Mercado (Bolivia) for collecting samples or for assistance in field collections, Harri Lorenzi for allowing us to collect samples at the Instituto Plantarum/Jardim Botânico Plantarum; Antonio Carlos Franco Barbosa sectioning Stereospermum; Julio C. Majcher for sectioning samples of Oroxyleae used in Scanning Electron Microscopy; Pieter Baas, Michelle Zjhra, Guillermo Angeles, and Giuliano Locosselli for invaluable suggestions in early versions of the manuscript; Gabriella Pace, Lizana Rezende and Carolina L. Bastos for valuable support, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grants 481034/2007-2; 486971/2012-0), and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant 2012/01099-8; 2013/10679-0) for financial support. RGO is supported by US National Science Foundation (DEB-0309065, DEB-1353761). LGL and VA by CNPq productivity 307781/2013-5 and 308441/2012-5, respectively

Acquisition and diversification of tendrilled leaves in Bignonieae\ud (Bignoniaceae) involved changes in expression patterns of\ud SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), LEAFY/FLORICAULA(LFY/\ud FLO), and PHANTASTICA(PHAN)

Leaves have undergone structural modifications over evolutionary time, and presently exist in many forms. For instance, in Fabaceae and Bignoniaceae, leaf parts can be modified into tendrils. Currently, no data are available on genic control of tendrilled leaf development outside Fabaceae. Here, we conducted a detailed study of three representatives of Bignonieae: Amphilophium buccinatorium, Dolichandra unguis-cati, and Bignonia callistegioides, bearing multifid, trifid, and simple-tendrilled leaves, respectively. We investigated the structure of their petioles, petiolules, leaflets, and tendrils through histological analyses. Additionally, the expression of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), PHANTASTICA (PHAN), and LEAFY/FLORICAULA (LFY/FLO) during leaf development was analyzed by in situ hybridizations. Tendrils share some anatomical similarities with leaflets, but not with other leaf parts. Transcripts of both STM and LFY/FLO were detected in leaf primordia, associated with regions from which leaflets and tendril branches originate. PHAN expression was found to be polarized in branched tendrils, but not in simple tendrils. In Bignonieae, tendrils are modified leaflets that, as a result of premature completion of development, become bladeless organs. Bignonieae leaves develop differently from those of peas, as both LFY/FLO and STM are expressed in developing leaves of Bignonieae. Moreover, PHAN is probably involved in tendril diversification in Bignonieae, as it has distinct expression patterns in different leaf types.(CNPq, Grant 140470/2007-7); (CAPES, Grant 4395-08-5

Do extrafloral nectaries present a defensive role against herbivores in two species of the family Bignoniaceae in a Neotropical savannas?

Despite the general belief that the interaction between extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and ants is mutualistic, the defensive function of EFNs has been poorly documented in South American savannas. In this article, we evaluate the potential impact of EFNs (benefits and costs) on two species of plants from the dry areas of Central Brazil, Anemopaegma album and Anemopaegma scabriusculum (Bignoniaceae). In particular, we characterize the composition of substances secreted by the EFNs, test whether EFNs attract ants, and whether ants actually present a defensive role, leading to reduced herbivory and increased plant fitness. Histochemical analyses indicated that EFNs from both species of Anemopaegma secrete an exudate that is composed of sugars, and potentially lipids and proteins. Furthermore, EFNs from both species were shown to present a significant role in ant attraction. However, contrary to common expectations, ants were not found to protect plants against herbivore attack. No effect was found between ant visitation and flower or fruit production in A. album, while the presence of ants led to a significant decrease in flower production in A. scabriusculum. These results suggest that EFNs might present a similar cost and benefit in A. album, and a higher cost than benefit in A. scabriusculum. Since the ancestor of Anemopaegma occupied humid forests and already presented EFNs that were maintained in subsequent lineages that occupied savannas, we suggest that phylogenetic inertia might explain the presence of EFNs in the species of Anemopaegma in which EFNs lack a defensive function.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2007/55433-8, 2007/54917-1

Understanding bias in geographic range size estimates

Aim Estimates of geographic range size derived from natural history museum specimens are probably biased for many species. We aim to determine how bias in these estimates relates to range size. Location We conducted computer simulations based on herbarium specimen records from localities ranging from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Methods We used theory on the sampling distribution of the mean and variance to develop working hypotheses about how range size, defined as area of occupancy (AOO), was related to the inter-specific distribution of: (1) mean collection effort per area across the range of a species (MC); (2) variance in collection effort per area across the range of a species (VC); and (3) proportional bias in AOO estimates (PBias: the difference between the expected value of the estimate of AOO and true AOO, divided by true AOO). We tested predictions from these hypotheses using computer simulations based on a dataset of more than 29,000 herbarium specimen records documenting occurrences of 377 plant species in the tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Results The working hypotheses predicted that the mean of the inter-specific distribution of MC, VC and PBias were independent of AOO, but that the respective variance and skewness decreased with increasing AOO. Computer simulations supported all but one prediction: the variance of the inter-specific distribution of VC did not decrease with increasing AOO. Main conclusions Our results suggest that, despite an invariant mean, the dispersion and symmetry of the inter-specific distribution of PBias decreases as AOO increases. As AOO increased, range size was less severely underestimated for a large proportion of simulated species. However, as AOO increased, range size estimates having extremely low bias were less common.Conservation InternationalConservation Internationa

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of scientific reductionism, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.Brazilian Biodiversity Information System (SiBBr)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Brazilian FAPsFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilEmpresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Brasilia, DF, BrazilInst Bot Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, BrazilKew, Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, EnglandUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Nacl La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaUniv Fed Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, MG, BrazilUniv Estado Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, BrazilInst Bot Darwinion, Acassuso, BA, BrazilConservatoire & Jardin Bot Ville Geneve, Pregny Chambesy, SwitzerlandUniv Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USAUSDA, Miami, FL USAMuseu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, MexicoIKIAM Univ Reg Amazon, Tena, EcuadorUniv Fed Sergipe, Sao Cristova, Sergipe, BrazilPrefeitura Municipal Cariacica ES, Cariacica, ES, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Santa Cecilia, Santos, SP, BrazilCtr Univ Fac Metropolitanas Unidas, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhao, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, BrazilUniv Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Tocantins, Palmas, BrazilFac Guanambi, Guanambi, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, BrazilUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Candeias, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Reg Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, BrazilInst Bot Nordeste, Corrientes, ArgentinaBot Staatssammlung Munchen, Munich, GermanyInst Amparo Ciencia Tecnol & Inovacao Roraima, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Ctr Oeste Parana, Guarapuava, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Pampa, Bage, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMarie Selby Bot Gardens, Sarasota, FL USAUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, BrazilFundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilNew York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY USAUniv Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkUniv Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilNat Hist Museum Wien, Vienna, AustriaInst Patrimonio Hist & Artist Nacl, Sitio Burle Marx, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, BrazilColumbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USAMississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USAInst Tecnol Vale, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilConsejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INIBIOMA, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, ArgentinaUniv Estado Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilMilwaukee Publ Museum, Milwaukee, WI USAUniv Cidade Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Grande, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, BrazilInst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMinist Publ Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Oeste Bahia, Barreiras, BrazilOhio Wesleyan Univ, Delaware, OH USAUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilMuseo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, JapanRoyal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsUniv Fed Rural Amazonia, Belem, Para, BrazilInst Fed Farroupilha, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Vale Acarau, Sobral, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Reconcavo Bahia, Cruz Das Almas, BrazilSmithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USAUniv Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Teofilo Otoni, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sul Bahia, Itabuna, BrazilUniv Nacl Colombia, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv Caxias do Sul, Caxias Do Sul, RS, BrazilInst Fed Minas Gerais Campus Bambui, Bambui, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilUniv Estacio Sa, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilThermo Fisher Sci, Waltham, MA USAUniv Estadual Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhao, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso, Caceres, MG, BrazilFac Marechal Rondon, Sao Manuel, SP, BrazilCalif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USAUniv Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaCtr Univ UNA, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Nacl Nordeste, Corrientes, ArgentinaUniv Fed Piaui, Teresina, BrazilInst Fed Piaui, Teresina, BrazilJardim Bot Cubatao, Cubatao, BrazilUniv Turku, Turku, FinlandUniv Nacl Cordoba, Cordoba, ArgentinaUniv Estadual Maringa, Maringa, Parana, BrazilJardim Bot Plantarum, Nova Odessa, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Piaui, Teresina, BrazilUniv Fed Delta Parnaiba, Parnaiba, BrazilJardim Bot Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Para, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Fed Vale Sao Francisco, Petrolina, BrazilJardim Bot Recife, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Free State, Bloemfontein, South AfricaPrefeitura Municipal Mariana MG, Mariana, MG, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilSecretaria Estadual Educ Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USAUniv Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, BrazilUniv Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, CanadaUniv Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Para, BrazilUniv Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyUniv Fed Para, Belem, Para, BrazilSwedish Museum Nat Hist, Stockholm, SwedenUniv Fed Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHillfield Strathallan Coll, Hamilton, ON, CanadaUniv Fed Integracao Latino Amer, Foz Do Iguacu, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Semi Arido, Mossoro, BrazilIPF Solucoes Florestais, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Tecnol Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilArboribus Consultoria & Planejamento Ambiental, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Paris Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, FranceUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Oeste Parana, Cascavel, Parana, BrazilFed Univ ABC, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Fed Para, Belem, Para, BrazilInst Agron Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilInst Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAIowa State Univ, Iowa City, IA USAMuseu Nacl Hist Nat Paris, Paris, FranceUniv Nacl Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, ArgentinaUniv Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInst Nacl Tecnol, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilScientifik Consultoria Ltda, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Goias Campus Formo, Formosa, Goias, BrazilSecretaria Estadual Educ Cameta PA, Cameta, PA, BrazilInst Agron Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, RS, BrazilUniv Panama, Panama City, PanamaInst Anchietano Pesquisas, Sao Leopoldo, RS, BrazilCtr Univ Araguaia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Acre, Rio Branco, BrazilMissouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USAInst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaRhein Friedrich Wilhelms Univ, Bonn, GermanyEastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY USAMiami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USAUniv Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USAUniv Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, BrazilUniv Mayor San Andres, La Paz, BoliviaInst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Maynas, PeruField Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL USAUniv Fed Rondonia, Porto Velho, BrazilUniv Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniv Gibraltar, Campus Europa Point, GibraltarMuseu Bot Municipal Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilInst Pesquisas Cient & Tecnol Estado Amapa, Macapa, BrazilUniv Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SpainBot Res Inst Texas, Ft Worth, TX USAInst Rech Dev, Marseille, FranceSecretaria Meio Ambiente & Infraestrutura RS Jard, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa RicaUnilasalle Canoas, Canoas, BrazilCSIC, Real Jardin Bot, Madrid, SpainUniv Wisconsin, Madison, WI USAPrefeitura Cidade Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilCtr Invest Cient Yucatan, Yucatan, MexicoUniv Fed Roraima, Boa Vista, Parana, BrazilInst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima, PeruInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, BrazilUniv Estadual Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, BrazilMaastricht Univ, Maastricht, NetherlandsUniv Pisa, Pisa, ItalyNat Hist Museum UK, London, EnglandInst Espanol Oceanog, Madrid, SpainUniv Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, ColombiaUniv Fed Rio Grande, Rio Grande, BrazilSenckenberg Res Inst Frankfurt M, Frankfurt, GermanyColorado Mesa Univ, Grand Junction, CO USAInst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUnited States Bot Garden, Washington, DC USAUniv Fed Lavras, Lavras, MG, BrazilNaturalis Biodivers Ctr Leiden, Leiden, NetherlandsInst Fed Goiano, Ceres, Go, BrazilUniv Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USAUniv Franciscana, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilConnecticut State Univ, New Britain, CT USASecretaria Municipal Educ Vitoria ES, Vitoria, ES, BrazilLeibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, Muncheberg, GermanyFac Tecnol Estado Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Simon Bolivar, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazi