Participant barriers of Kerman province’s wheel chaired people in recreational activities

Background Physical activity in leisure time can increase life expectancy and cause enthusiasm, communication with others, participation in community activities and prevent withdrawal and malaise. This research studies the barriers of Kerman province’s wheel chaired people in participating in recreational activities. Methods: This study was cross-sectional. The statistical population contained all wheel chaired people of Kerman province and the sample was 276 that were chosen by convenient sampling method. The instrument was an author made questionnaire of “Participant barriers of Kerman province’s wheel chaired people” and the face and content validity (CVI=0.91) was confirmed by sport management professors. For validity exploratory factor analysis was used. Cronbach alpha and test retest was used to determine the reliability. Results: All leisure activities were lower than average. The mean of personal barriers effecting leisure time physical activities was lower than the average significantly. Prioritising personal barriers effecting physical activity showed a significant difference between the rankings of personal barriers and employment conditions was significantly more than other factors. The mean of structural barriers effecting physical activity in leisure time was lower than average. Ranking structural barriers showed that physical access was more than others. The mean of socio-cultural factors was significantly more than average and the view of friends, colleagues and acquaintances was significantly more than other factors. Conclusion: Wheelchaired people think most of the barriers are in relation with the attitudes of the society, coworkers and family. There are not considerable personal and structural barriers for participation in physical activity. Keywords: Physical activity, participation barriers, recreation, wheelchaired, disabled, Kerman province

RANKING THE SPECTATORS’ DIFFICULTIES IN PURCHASING ELECTRONIC TICKETS OF FOOTBALL PREMIER LEAGUE

This study aimed to rank the spectators’ difficulties in buying electronic tickets of football premier league matches at Azadi stadium. The population consisted of all spectators of Esteghlal-Persepolis match in the fifteenth league at Azadi stadium (N= 100000). According to Morgan table and using simple random sampling method, 500 participants were selected as sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting the data; its face validity was confirmed by 15 experts and performing a pilot study on 30 subjects, its Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 0.86. Using SPSS 22, the descriptive and inferential (including Friedman test) statistics was applied for analyzing the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between rankings of difficulties in buying electronic tickets of Football premier league matches at Azadi Stadium. The difficulties were ranked as: problem in ticket systems, early selling out of electronic tickets, lack of confidence to electronic ticket sale, lack of skill to work with the internet, low speed of internet, and lack of access to the interne