Eletrodiagnóstico de estímulo na definição dos parâmetros para prática do ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação em pessoas com lesão medular

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, 2020.Introdução: A Estimulação Elétrica Funcional (FES, do inglês, Functional Electrical Stimulation) representa estratégia no processo de reabilitação cuja meta inclui acionar músculos paralisados ou enfraquecidos pela Lesão Medular em tarefas específicas. Dentre as tarefas recentemente exploradas, o ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação ganhou notoriedade mundial e o refinamento dos requisitos para a prática, bem como a dosimetria para eletroestimulação dependem da responsividade do músculo paralisado cuja inervação periférica continua preservada, o que supomos poder ser mais bem definidos por informações fornecidas pelo teste de eletrodiagnóstico por estímulo não-invasivo. Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento dos parâmetros de responsividade à eletroestimulação fornecidos pelo eletrodiagnóstico por estímulo não-invasivo em uma série de casos de pessoas com lesão medular candidatas à iniciar treinamento para a prática do ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação, buscando associações e indícios que permitam se formular hipóteses acerca da dosimetria ideal para estimulação, bem como estabelecer critérios apropriados para eleger praticantes. Métodos: Delineamos um estudo observacional do tipo transversal em série de casos que aconteceu subsequente ao recrutamento de 14 indivíduos com lesão medular traumática, candidatos a participar de programa de ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação. Ao final, uma amostra representativa de 7 casos foi testada para se obter valores de reobase, cronaxia, acomodação e índice de acomodação, explorados em modelo preditivo do nível de força muscular avaliado conforme recomendação da Medical Research Council e caracterizado por outras variáveis independentes e de interesse para se estabelecer requisitos para prática (condição e estado de saúde) bem como para a dosimetria (características da contração resultante da estimulação). Estatística descritiva e analítica paramétrica e não-paramétrica, bem como poder estatístico foram o processamento de base para inferências dada a natureza do delineamento em série de casos. Resultados: A acomodação apresentou tendência a se correlacionar com a intensidade de corrente nos níveis 1 (Reto femoral esquerdo e vasto lateral direito), 2 (reto femoral esquerdo) e 3 (reto femoral esquerdo e vasto lateral esquerdo) e mostrou correlação significativa com os níveis 1 (vasto medial direito) e 2 (reto femoral direito e vasto lateral esquerdo). A reobase apresentou tendência a se correlacionar com a intensidade de corrente nos níveis 2 (vasto lateral esquerdo e vasto medial esquerdo) e 3 (vasto medial esquerdo), revelando uma prevalência de correlação no músculo quadríceps esquerdo (63,63%). Conclusão: A acomodação mostrou ser um candidato a fator preditivo de intensidade de corrente para promover contração muscular de quadríceps femoral em pessoas com lesão medular traumática responsivas ao eletrodiagnóstico de estímulo e elemento formador da dosimetria inicial a prática do ciclismo assistido por eletroestimulação.CAPES, CNPq, FAPDF, INRIA (França) e MCTIC.Introduction: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) represents a rehabilitation process strategy whose goal includes triggering muscles paralyzed or weakened by spinal cord injury in specific tasks. Among the tasks recently explored, electrostimulation-assisted cycling has gained worldwide notoriety and the refinement of the requirements for practice, as well as dosimetry for electrostimulation depends on the paralyzed muscle’s responsiveness whose peripheral innervation remains preserved, which we assume may be better defined by information provided by the noninvasive stimulus electrodiagnosis test. Objective: To monitor the electrostimulation responsiveness parameters behavior provided by electrodiagnosis with spinal cord injury people in series of cases which are candidates to start the practice of electrostimulation-assisted cycling, seeking associations and indications that allow to formulate eligibility and dosimetry hypotheses. Methods: We designed an observational cross-sectional study in a series of cases that occurred following the recruitment of 14 individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury, candidates to participate in an assisted electrostimulation cycling program. At the end, a representative sample of 7 cases was tested to obtain rheobase, chronaxie, accommodation and accommodation index values, explored in a predictive assessed muscle strength level model, as recommended by the Medical Research Council and characterized by other independent variables of interest to establish requirements for practice (condition and health status) as well as for dosimetry (stimulation resulting contraction characteristics). Descriptive and parametric and non-parametric analytical statistics, as well as statistical power were the basic processing for inferences given the case series design nature. Results: The accommodation tended to correlate with current intensity at levels 1 (left rectus femoris and right vastus lateralis), 2 (left rectus femoris) and 3 (left rectus femoris and left vastus lateralis) and showed correlation levels 1 (right vastus medialis) and 2 (right rectus femoris and left vastus lateralis). The rheobase tended to correlate with current intensity at levels 2 (left vastus lateralis and left vastus medialis) and 3 (left vastus medialis), revealing a prevalence of correlation in the left quadriceps muscle (63.63%). Furthermore, the evaluation of the lesion’s level, associated with the noninvasive electrodiagnosis stimulus test, can infer about electrostimulation neuromuscular responsiveness. Conclusion: The accommodation proved to be a predictive factor candidate of current intensity to promote femoral quadriceps muscle contraction in people with traumatic spinal cord injury responsive to the electrodiagnosis stimulus and the formative element of initial dosimetry to the electrostimulation assisted cycling practice

Standardised FES-induced fatigue-testing of paralysed human quadriceps muscles during a dynamic movement task

The "14th Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation" will be held as an integral part of the BMT2022International audienc

Standardizing fatigue-resistance testing during electrical stimulation of paralysed human quadriceps muscles, a practical approach

International audienceBackground: Rapid onset of muscular fatigue is still one of the main issues of functional electrical stimulation (FES). A promising technique, known as distributed stimulation, aims to activate sub-units of a muscle at a lower stimulation frequency to increase fatigue-resistance. Besides a general agreement on the beneficial effects, the great heterogeneity of evaluation techniques, raises the demand for a standardized method to better reflect the requirements of a practical application. Methods: This study investigated the fatigue-development of 6 paralysed quadriceps muscles over the course of 180 dynamic contractions, evaluating different electrode-configurations (conventional and distributed stimulation). For a standardized comparison, fatigue-testing was performed at 40% of the peak-torque during a maximal evoked contraction (MEC). Further, we assessed the isometric torque for each electrode-configuration at different kneeextension-angles (70°-170°, 10° steps).Results: Our results showed no significant difference in the fatigue-index for any of the tested electrode-configurations, compared to conventional-stimulation. We conjecture that the positive effects of distributed stimulation become less pronounced at higher stimulation amplitudes. The isometric torque produced at different knee-extension angles was similar for most electrode-configurations. Maximal torque-production was found at 130°-140° kneeextension-angle, which correlates with the maximal knee-flexion-angles during running. Conclusion: In most practical applications, FES is intended to initiate dynamic movements. Therefore, it is crucial to assess fatigue-resistance by using dynamic contractions. Reporting the relationship between produced torque and knee-extension-angle can help to observe the stability of a chosen electrode-configuration for a targeted range-ofmotion. Additionally, we suggest to perform fatigue testing at higher forces (e.g. 40% of the maximal evoked torque) in pre-trained subjects with SCI to better reflect the practical demands of FES-applications

Diagnóstico anatomopatológico, imuno-histoquímico e biomolecular de um caso de miocardite por Clostridium chauvoei em um bovino

The aim of this study was to report a case of clostridial myocarditis in a bovine in Brazil with emphasis on the pathological findings, isolation and molecular identification associated with the in situ localization of C. chauvoei. The animal, a male Brangus bull with nine months of age, was found dead without prior clinical signs. Multifocal and coalescent areas of necrosis were observed in the myocardium. Rod cells in the cardiac muscle fibers were positive immunostaining for C. chauvoei, while this bacterium was also isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de miocardite clostridial em um bovino no Brasil, com ênfase nos achados patológicos, isolamento e identificação molecular do agente e visualização in situ de C. chauvoei. O animal, um macho da raça Brangus com nove meses de idade, foi encontrado morto sem sinais clínicos prévios. Foram observadas áreas de necrose multifocal e coalescente no miocárdio, com a presença de bastonetes imunomarcados para C. chauvoei nas fibras musculares cardíacas. Uma estirpe de C. chauvoei foi isolada do tecido e sua identidade foi confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimeras (PCR)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Peer reviewe

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost