329 research outputs found
The Significance of Cytoskeleton System in Tumor Cell Infiltration
Cytoskeleton system is mainly composed of three kinds of fibrils: microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. They are a complex network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They not only act as scaffolds in cells, but also play an important role in maintaining the movement of cells, participating in the material transport and signal transmission in cells. It is found that the whole cytoskeleton system is closely related to tumor invasion and growth. Therefore, this article reviews the overview of the cytoskeleton system and its significance for tumor cell invasion and growth
Inhibitory effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on human hepatoma cells in vitro
Background: Chitosan oligosaccharide, the degradation products of chitin, was reported to have a wide range of physiological functions and biological activities. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of Chitosan oligosaccharide on human hepatoma cellsMaterials and Methods: MTT assay was applied to detect cell viability of the human hepatoma cells treated with Chitosan oligosaccharide. Flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the apoptosis of the human hepatoma cells treated with Chitosan oligosaccharide. We employed western blot to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the apoptosis.Results: Our data indicated that chitosan oligosaccharide dose-dependently inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells and induced apoptosis. On the molecular level, chitosan oligosaccharide decreased Bcl-2 and increased Caspase-3 expression which may be related to the apoptosis of hepatoma cells.Conclusion: Our results provide an experimental basis for the clinical development of Chitosan oligosaccharide as a novel anti-hepatoma drug.Keywords: Chitosan oligochitosan, Hepatoma cells, Apoptosis, Bcl-2, Caspase-
A distributed anomaly detection system for in-vehicle network using HTM
With the development of 5G and Internet of Vehicles technology, the possibility of remote wireless attack on an in-vehicle network has been proven by security researchers. Anomaly detection technology can effectively alleviate the security threat, as the first line of security defense. Based on this, this paper proposes a distributed anomaly detection system using hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) to enhance the security of a vehicular controller area network bus. The HTM model can predict the flow data in real time, which depends on the state of the previous learning. In addition, we improved the abnormal score mechanism to evaluate the prediction. We manually synthesized field modification and replay attack in data field. Compared with recurrent neural networks and hidden Markov model detection models, the results show that the distributed anomaly detection system based on HTM networks achieves better performance in the area under receiver operating characteristic curve score, precision, and recall
Explicitly Multi-Modal Benchmarks for Multi-Objective Optimization
In multi-objective optimization, designing good benchmark problems is an
important issue for improving solvers. Although many benchmark problems have
been proposed and some of them became de facto standards, designing multimodal
problems that have a controllable landscape is still an open problem especially
for high-dimensional cases. We thus propose the Benchmark with Explicit
Multimodality (BEM), which lets the benchmark designer specify the basins of
attraction using a graph structure known as the reachability graph. In this
article, we focus on the mathematical formulation of the BEM. We will see that
the BEM has preferable characteristics such as (i) realizing user-specified
local Pareto set, (ii) allowing high-dimensional design spaces and (iii)
possessing nonseparability
In Situ Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Microstructural Evolution of Single Tin Particle Anode for Li-Ion Batteries
Tin (Sn) is a potential anode material for highenergy density Li-ion batteries because of its high capacity, safety, abundance and low cost. However, Sn suffers from large volume change during cycling, leading to fast degradation of the electrode. For the first time, the microstructural evolution of micrometer-sized single Sn particle was monitored by focused-ion beam (FIB) polishing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging during electrochemical cycling by in situ FIB-SEM. Our results show the formation and evolution of cracks during lithiation, evolution of porous structure during delithiation and volume expansion/contraction during cycling. The electrochemical performance and the microstructural evolution of the Sn microparticle during cycling are directly correlated, which provides insights for understanding Sn-based electrode materials
Selenium Nanocomposite Cathode with Long Cycle Life for Rechargeable Li-Se Batteries
Selenium (Se) is a potential cathode material for high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries. In this study, a binderāfree Seācarbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrode has been prepared by a facile chemical method. At initial state, Se is present in the form of branched nanowires with a diameter of <150ā
nm and a length of 1ā2ā
Ī¼m, interwoven with CNTs. After discharge and reācharge, the Se nanowires are converted to nanoparticles embedded in the CNT network. This synthesis method provides a path for fabricating the Se cathodes with controllable mass loading and thickness. By studying the composite electrodes with different Se loading and thickness, we found that the electrode thickness has a critical impact on the distribution of Se during repeated cycling. Promising cycling performance was achieved in thin electrodes with high Se loading. The composite electrode with 23ā
Ī¼m thickness and 60ā% Se loading shows a high initial capacity of 537ā
mAhāgā1 and stable cycling performance with a capacity of 401ā
mAhāgā1 after 500 cycles at 1ā
C rate. This study reports a synthesis strategy to obtain Se/CNT composite cathode with long cycle life for rechargeable LiāSe batteries
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE ON HUMAN HEPATOMA CELLS IN VITRO
Background: Chitosan oligosaccharide, the degradation products of chitin, was reported to have a wide range of
physiological functions and biological activities. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of Chitosan
oligosaccharide on human hepatoma cells
Materials and Methods: MTT assay was applied to detect cell viability of the human hepatoma cells treated with
Chitosan oligosaccharide. Flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the apoptosis of the human hepatoma cells
treated with Chitosan oligosaccharide. We employed western blot to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in
the apoptosis.
Results: Our data indicated that chitosan oligosaccharide dose-dependently inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells and
induced apoptosis. On the molecular level, chitosan oligosaccharide decreased Bcl-2 and increased Caspase-3
expression which may be related to the apoptosis of hepatoma cells.
Conclusion: Our results provide an experimental basis for the clinical development of Chitosan oligosaccharide as a
novel anti-hepatoma drug
Crack-Free Silicon Monoxide as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
The volume expansion of Si and SiO particles was investigated using a single-particle battery assembled with a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) system. Single Si and SiO particles were galvanostatically charged and discharged as in real batteries. Microstructural changes of the particles were monitored in situ using FIB-SEM from two different angles. The results revealed that the volume expansion of micrometer size particle SiO was not only much smaller than that of Si, but it also kept its original shape with no sign of cracks. This isotropic mechanical property of a SiO particle can be attributed to its microstructure: nanosized Si domains mixed with SiO2 domains. The nanosized Si domains can mitigate the anisotropic swelling caused by the orientation-dependent lithium-ion insertion; the surrounding SiO2 domains can act as a buffer to further constrain the localized anisotropic swelling
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