Leveraging Pretrained Representations with Task-related Keywords for Alzheimer's Disease Detection

With the global population aging rapidly, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is particularly prominent in older adults, which has an insidious onset and leads to a gradual, irreversible deterioration in cognitive domains (memory, communication, etc.). Speech-based AD detection opens up the possibility of widespread screening and timely disease intervention. Recent advances in pre-trained models motivate AD detection modeling to shift from low-level features to high-level representations. This paper presents several efficient methods to extract better AD-related cues from high-level acoustic and linguistic features. Based on these features, the paper also proposes a novel task-oriented approach by modeling the relationship between the participants' description and the cognitive task. Experiments are carried out on the ADReSS dataset in a binary classification setup, and models are evaluated on the unseen test set. Results and comparison with recent literature demonstrate the efficiency and superior performance of proposed acoustic, linguistic and task-oriented methods. The findings also show the importance of semantic and syntactic information, and feasibility of automation and generalization with the promising audio-only and task-oriented methods for the AD detection task.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

Geology and Geochronology of the Miocene Rio Blanco Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Northern Peru

The Rio Blanco porphyry Cu-Mo deposit occurs at the north end of the Miocene metallogenic belt of northern Peru. It has a thick supergene enrichment blanket; while normal for hyperarid Chile, this is unusual in mountainous, cloud forest terrain. Rio Blanco is hosted by the Portachuela batholith. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the youngest part of the batholith was emplaced at 12.43 ± 0.13 Ma. The deposit formed during three magmatic-hydrothermal cycles. Cycle 1, by far the most important, occurred at 11.50 ± 0.17 to 10.92 ± 0.14 Ma (zircon U-Pb). Two intermineralization intrusions caused early potassic and propylitic alteration. This was then overprinted by a blanket of quartz-sericite, grading down into sericite-chlorite alteration. Cycle 1 was finally cut by a quartz-sericite–cemented breccia, which contains the highest-grade hypogene Cu-Mo grades. A cycle 1 molybdenite-bearing vein has a molybdenite Re-Os model age of 11.43 ± 0.16 Ma. Molybdenite Re-Os dating of the quartz-sericite–cemented breccias shows brecciation occurred at 11.28 ± 0.24 to 11.11 ± 0.18 Ma. Cycle 2 was restricted to the east side, where narrow porphyritic dacite 1 dikes (dated by zircon U-Pb at 10.62 ± 0.16 Ma) show biotite alteration and economic copper. Cycle 3, at 10.02 ± 0.12 to 9.06 ± 0.09 Ma (zircon U-Pb), was triggered by a swarm of NE-striking quartz-plagioclase porphyry and porphyritic dacite 2 dikes. Alteration was milder, and this cycle did not introduce economic copper. Nonmineralized pebble dikes cut the system, emanating from a major diatreme, about 3 × 1.3 km in size, on the north side of the deposit. The magmatic-hydrothermal history spanned about 2.5 m.y., with economic mineralization over about 1.48 m.y. However, metals were mostly introduced during cycle 1, which lasted approximately 0.58 m.y. Our work shows that while multiple magmatic-hydrothermal cycles produced Rio Blanco, sufficient metals were introduced to form a giant porphyry deposit within a single magmatic-hydrothermal cycle

Social Determinants of Community Health Services Utilization among the Users in China: A 4-Year Cross-Sectional Study

Background To identify social factors determining the frequency of community health service (CHS) utilization among CHS users in China. Methods Nationwide cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. A total of 86,116 CHS visitors selected from 35 cities were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze characteristics of CHS users, frequency of CHS utilization, and the socio-demographic and socio-economic factors influencing frequency of CHS utilization. Results Female and senior CHS clients were more likely to make 3–5 and ≥6 CHS visits (as opposed to 1–2 visits) than male and young clients, respectively. CHS clients with higher education were less frequent users than individuals with primary education or less in 2008 and 2009; in later surveys, CHS clients with higher education were the more frequent users. The association between frequent CHS visits and family income has changed significantly between 2008 and 2011. In 2011, income status did not have a discernible effect on the likelihood of making ≥6 CHS visits, and it only had a slight effect on making 3–5 CHS visits. Conclusion CHS may play an important role in providing primary health care to meet the demands of vulnerable populations in China. Over time, individuals with higher education are increasingly likely to make frequent CHS visits than individuals with primary school education or below. The gap in frequency of CHS utilization among different economic income groups decreased from 2008 to 2011

Características litogeoquímicas y petrográficas en los bordes norte y sur del segmento Lima - Batolito de la Costa, comparada con el sureste de China - [Boletín D 35]

En el presente trabajo, se muestran los resultados obtenidos en el marco del convenio específico entre el Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) y el Servicio Geológico de China (CGS: China Geological Survey), entre los años 2017 y 2018. El área de estudio corresponde principalmente al Segmento Lima. En los cuerpos plutónicos del segmento Lima (128 a 33 Ma), se pueden observar con claridad las variaciones litológicas laterales asociadas a la diferenciación magmática directa, varían de dioritas a monzogranitos. Esto indica un desarrollo continuo en los ensambles magmáticos o super unidades. Las estructuras internas de los cuerpos intrusivos más característicos se pueden observar en cuerpos de monzogranitos de las super unidades Puscao, Tiabaya y Pativilca, donde se puede observar zonas de enclaves máficos: dispersos, a manera de capas (seudo estratificado) y diques sin magmáticos, estructuras asociadas principalmente a mezcla de magma. Para comprender la distribución temporal y espacial de la población de cristales de las rocas plutónicas del Batolito de la Costa, en el segmento Lima, se generó una base de datos composicional con las principales características petrográficas de cada roca, con ella, se generaron diagramas binarios MINEA (Minerales Esenciales y Accesorios). Donde se pudo observar, que las mayores concentraciones de feldespato potásico (K) están asociadas a rocas de la super unidades Linga, Tiabaya y Santa Rosa, asociados al magmatismo de 83.6 a 72.1 Ma. Por la gran extensión del área de trabajo, afinidad litológica y rango de edad antes definida (61-90 Ma), la Super Unidad Santa Rosa fue agrupada con otras super unidades (La Mina, San Jerónimo, Puscao) y definida como Superemsamble Santa Rosa, esto para el presente trabajo. En el análisis geoquímico, los diagramas de elementos trazas y elementos de tierras raras muestras una evolución de magmas mantélicos a muy diferenciados. Los magmas mantélicos están asociados a rocas de la Super Unidad Patap y los magmas diferenciados están asociados al Superensamble Santa Rosa y Super Unidad Catahuasi. Las mayores anomalías de HFSE, como Th y U, muestran las rocas del Superensamble Santa Rosa y Super Unidad Linga. Esto quiere decir que son rocas diferenciadas y de gran energía. Las rocas de este segmento muestran anomalías negativas de Nb y Ta, típicas de magmatismo de arco andino. A medida que el magma evoluciona, se observa un dominio de anfíboles y granate en los elementos de tierras raras pesadas evidenciada por la anomalía negativa mostrada en Y e Yb. Este último se puede asociar a ocurrencias de Cu-Mo y Mo, debido a que el Mo está controlado por la anomalía de Y en el fundido. Durante el año 2018, se obtuvieron 59 nuevas edades isotópicas U-Pb, estas se realizaron sobre zircones en rocas ígneas, principalmente en rocas plutónicas. Los estudios isotópicos fueron realizados por el Servicio Geológico de China del Centro de Nanjing

Are long working hours associated with weight-related outcomes? A meta-analysis of observational studies

The relationship between long working hours and body weight outcomes remains inconclusive; thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of long working hours on weight-related outcomes. PubMed and Embase databases were searched from their inception to June 2019. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by the Begg's and Egger's tests. A total of 29 articles involving 374 863 participants were included. The pooled OR of long working hours on weight-related outcomes was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.19). In subgroup analysis stratified by definition of outcomes, the pooled ORs of long working hours on “weight gain/BMI increase,” “BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2,” and “BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2” were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02-1.40), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.14), and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.09-1.39), respectively. We found evidence of publication bias, but correction for this bias using the trim-and-fill method did not alter the combined OR substantially. There was evidence to suggest that long working hours are associated with adverse weight-related outcomes. Preventative interventions such as improved flexibility and healthy working schedules should be established for employees

The rates and the determinants of hypertension according to the 2017 definition of hypertension by ACC/AHA and 2014 evidence-based guidelines among population aged ≥40 years old

Background : In November 2017, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) updated their definition of hypertension from 140/90 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg. Objectives : We sought to assess the situation of hypertension and the impact of applying the new threshold to a geographically and ethnically diverse population. Methods : We analyzed selected data on 237,142 participants aged ≥40 who had blood pressure taken for the 2014 China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project. Choropleth maps and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence, geographical distribution and risk factors of hypertension using both 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines and 2014 evidence-based guidelines. Results : The present cross-sectional study showed the age- and sex-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 37.08% and 58.52%, respectively, according to 2014 evidence-based guidelines and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. The distribution of hypertension and risk factors changed little between guidelines, with data showing a high prevalence of hypertension around Bohai Gulf and in south central coastal areas using either definition. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of newly labeled as hypertensive was 21.44%. Interestingly, the high prevalence region of newly labeled as hypertensive was found in the north China. Conclusion : The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly on 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines compared to the prevalence when using 2014 evidence-based guidelines, with high prevalence areas of newly labeled as hypertensive now seen mainly in north China. There need to be correspondingly robust efforts to improve health education, health management, and behavioral and lifestyle interventions in the north

A collision-free motion planning method by integrating complexity-reduction SLAM and learning-based artificial force design

\u3cp\u3eIn order to generally deal with the rotor-type UAV's collision-free motion planning problem in the unknown static environment, we propose a non-holonomic solution via integration of the KF-based SLAM technique and governing force design. The traditional SLAM is modified and reduced as a low-complexity form according to the fact that too early detected obstacle information can be regarded as nearly frozen after sufficient correction. The artificial force terms are designed in a intuitive and smart way, through employment of the wall-following rule and lessons from historical and current experience, which are taught by the bat's predation process. Further, they are converted to the real-time thrust vector expectation. Multiple simulation tests in both continuous and discrete scenes indicate that: (1) using slight sacrifice on the state estimate covariance can exchange pronounced reduction on structural complexity of the complete SLAM in return; (2) the LBAFD can not only mitigate limitations on the path oscillation, no passage between closely spaced obstacles and goal unreachability, but also lead to a high flying and exploration efficiency; (3) the integrated method demonstrates a relatively stable performance under different parameter settings and is even unconcerned to the surrounding characteristics.\u3c/p\u3

Changes in Nanoscaled Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders Caused by Aging

Aging of an asphalt binder causes the changes in the microstructure and, consequently, in the nanomechanical and rheological properties of the aged asphalt binder. Short-term aging on asphalt binders was simulated using rotating thin film oven (RTFO). These changes in the microstructure and nanomechanical and rheological properties were measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicated that (1) the adhesive force of the asphalt binder from AFM tests was increased after RTFO aging; (2) G* of the asphalt binder from DSR tests increased after RTFO aging; (3) the results from AFM were consistent with those from DSR, explaining the mechanism of the changes of rheological properties