Extracting causal relationships from Chinese written text

Expert systems form one of the most important research areas in Artificial Intelligence. The main parts in expert systems are knowledge bases and inference engines. In the knowledge bases the main knowledge is knowledge in the form of ``IF-THEN" statements. In knowledge graphs, a new form of knowledge representation, the ``IF-THEN" statements are tied up with causal operators (CAU-relations). In this paper, we picked out some Chinese operators with ``CAU" meaning, and investigated these operators. We also show by an example how to extract causal relations from a given Chinese writing text

On Yao's method of translation

Machine Translation, i.e., translating one kind of natural language to another kind of natural language by using a computer system, is a very important research branch in Artificial Intelligence. Yao developed a method of translation that he called ``Lexical-Semantic Driven". In his system he introduced 49 ``relation types" including case relations, event relations, semantic relations, and complex relations. The knowledge graph method is a new kind of method to represent an interlingua between natural languages. In this paper, we will give a comparison of these two methods. We will translate one Chinese sentence cited in Yao�s book by using these two methods. Finally, we will use the relations in knowledge graph theory to represent the ``relations" in Lexical-Semantic Driven, and partition the relations in Lexical-Semantic Driven into groups according to the relations in knowledge graph theory

Translation: an example from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese

In this paper, we gave an idea of translation by means of knowledge graph theory from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, by using an example story. Actually, we give the details of the method of translation from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese step by step as carried out by hand. From the example, we found that knowledge graphs have a strong ability to represent sentences. And we also found that there are things that should be discussed if we want to translate automatically from one kind of language to another kind of language by using knowledge graph theory

Passive sentences and structural parsing

Traditional language parsing is mainly based on generative grammar in English. As English and Chinese belong to two different families of language, a grammar is not sufficient for Chinese parsing although it is still important. In passive sentences in English and Chinese, there exists some similarity, but there also exists some difference. In this paper, first the sememe analysis is introduced in Chinese parsing. Second, we will compare the passive sentence in English and Chinese with respect to sentence pattern, semantic relations and other aspects in view of knowledge graph theory. We find that after we use sememe analysis in Chinese parsing, we can easily deal with Chinese passive sentences

Study of mechanical response in embossing of ceramic green substrate by micro-indentation

Micro-indentation test with a micro flat-end cone indenter was employed to simulate micro embossing process and investigate the thermo-mechanical response of ceramic green substrates. The laminated low temperature co-fired ceramic green tapes were used as the testing material ; the correlations of indentation depth versus applied force and applied stress at the temperatures of 25 degrees C and 75degrees C were studied. The results showed that permanent indentation cavities could be formed at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 75 degrees C, and the depth of cavities created was applied force, temperature and dwell time dependent. Creep occurred and made a larger contribution to the plastic deformation at elevated temperatures and high peak loads. There was instantaneous recovery during the unloading and retarded recovery in the first day after indentation. There was no significant pile-up due to material flow observed under compression at the temperature up to 75 degrees C. The plastic deformation was the main cause for formation of cavity on the ceramic green substrate under compression. The results can be used as a guideline for embossing ceramic green substrates.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838

Consequences of 't Hooft's Equivalence Class Theory and Symmetry by Large Coarse Graining

According to 't Hooft (Class.Quantum.Grav. 16 (1999), 3263), quantum gravity can be postulated as a dissipative deterministic system, where quantum states at the ``atomic scale''can be understood as equivalence classes of primordial states governed by a dissipative deterministic dynamics law at the ``Planck scale''. In this paper, it is shown that for a quantum system to have an underlying deterministic dissipative dynamics, the time variable should be discrete if the continuity of its temporal evolution is required. Besides, the underlying deterministic theory also imposes restrictions on the energy spectrum of the quantum system. It is also found that quantum symmetry at the ``atomic scale'' can be induced from 't Hooft's Coarse Graining classification of primordial states at the "Planck scale".Comment: 12 papge, Late

tt*-geometry on the big phase space

The big phase space, the geometric setting for the study of quantum cohomology with gravitational descendents, is a complex manifold and consists of an infinite number of copies of the small phase space. The aim of this paper is to define a Hermitian geometry on the big phase space. Using the approach of Dijkgraaf and Witten, we lift various geometric structures of the small phase space to the big phase space. The main results of our paper state that various notions from tt*-geometry are preserved under such liftings