Snake Mind, Wolf Body, Panther Courage: Jojo Rabbit as a Critique of Hegemonic Masculinity

In 2019, the movie Jojo Rabbit (Waititi, 2019) was released to theaters. Because the film uses comedy and satire to tell a story about Jojo, a young Nazi who has Hitler as an imaginary friend, it received mix reviews. This analysis focuses on how the movie sheds light on the negative influence of hegemonic masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity refers to the messages and actions that place men above women or types of masculinity above femininity and other masculinities. Jojo’s desire to be a Nazi is deeply connected to his desire to be man. This analysis examines how hegemonic masculinity a) can limit the definition of manhood in negative ways b) pressures men and boys to prove or defend their manhood, and c) influences how boys and men use violence, threats, and public humiliation to police each one another’s masculinity. By understanding the film in this way, we can better understand how messages of hegemonic masculinity support extremist beliefs like white supremacy and neo-Nazism. We can also see how beliefs about male superiority harm everyone, even boys and men

Gnotobiotic IL-10−/−; NF-κBEGFP Mice Develop Rapid and Severe Colitis Following Campylobacter jejuni Infection

Limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms associated with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) induced food-borne diarrheal illnesses. In this study, we investigated the function of TLR/NF-κB signaling in C. jejuni induced pathogenesis using gnotobiotic IL-10−/−; NF-κBEGFP mice. In vitro analysis showed that C. jejuni induced IκB phosphorylation, followed by enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity and increased IL-6, MIP-2α and NOD2 mRNA accumulation in infected-mouse colonic epithelial cells CMT93. Importantly, these events were blocked by molecular delivery of an IκB inhibitor (Ad5IκBAA). NF-κB signalling was also important for C.jejuni-induced cytokine gene expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Importantly, C. jejuni associated IL-10−/−; NF-κBEGFP mice developed mild (day 5) and severe (day 14) ulcerating colonic inflammation and bloody diarrhea as assessed by colonoscopy and histological analysis. Macroscopic analysis showed elevated EGFP expression indicating NF-κB activation throughout the colon of C. jejuni associated IL-10−/−; NF-κBEGFP mice, while fluorescence microscopy revealed EGFP positive cells to be exclusively located in lamina propria mononuclear cells. Pharmacological NF-κB inhibition using Bay 11-7085 did not ameliorate C. jejuni induced colonic inflammation. Our findings indicate that C. jejuni induces rapid and severe intestinal inflammation in a susceptible host that correlates with enhanced NF-κB activity from lamina propria immune cells

Refinement of 1p36 Alterations Not Involving PRDM16 in Myeloid and Lymphoid Malignancies

Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to characterize 81 cases of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies with cytogenetic 1p36 alterations not affecting the PRDM16 locus. In total, three subgroups were identified: balanced translocations (N = 27) and telomeric rearrangements (N = 15), both mainly observed in myeloid disorders; and unbalanced non-telomeric rearrangements (N = 39), mainly observed in lymphoid proliferations and frequently associated with a highly complex karyotype. The 1p36 rearrangement was isolated in 12 cases, mainly myeloid disorders. The breakpoints on 1p36 were more widely distributed than previously reported, but with identifiable rare breakpoint cluster regions, such as the TP73 locus. We also found novel partner loci on 1p36 for the known multi-partner genes HMGA2 and RUNX1. We precised the common terminal 1p36 deletion, which has been suggested to have an adverse prognosis, in B-cell lymphomas [follicular lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with t(14;18)(q32;q21) as well as follicular lymphomas without t(14;18)]. Intrachromosomal telomeric repetitive sequences were detected in at least half the cases of telomeric rearrangements. It is unclear how the latter rearrangements occurred and whether they represent oncogenic events or result from chromosomal instability during oncogenesis

Politiques agricoles et paysage rural : quelques traits saillants de la littérature théorique et empirique

International audienceThis chapter deals with the role of agriculture and agricultural policies concerning rural landscapes. More specifically, rural landscapes in many European countries have been transformed by the modification of agricultural practices in the wake of new public incentive mechanisms. Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy have played a decisive role in a succession of reforms revolving around issues that were initially purely economic in nature before gradually evolving to integrate agricultural activities’ environmental and social dimensions. In this context, acknowledging agriculture’s multifunctional nature – through the provision of many environmental services – means attributing a crucial role to rural landscapes. We first discuss the conditions which underlie the environmental services that rural landscapes, partially shaped by agricultural activities, provide. Then, we emphasise the need to analyse the relationship between landscape provision and agricultural activities to correctly estimate the total economic values associated with these services (role of non-trade functions of agriculture), so as to reveal social demand. Finally, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective, we analyse the role of public intervention tools for safeguarding the provision of environmental services by rural landscapes, and more generally to facilitate the development of agricultural non-trade functions

Long-term drug survival of adalimumab, infliximab, secukinumab and ustekinumab in hidradenitis suppurativa: A Danish nationwide cohort study

Importance: Biologics play an increasingly important role in management of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). However, real-world data on long-term performance of biologics in HS are limited. Objective: To investigate drug survival of biologic therapies for HS in a real-world setting. Design, Setting, participants: We included all HS patients between January 1st, 2005 and December 31st, 2021 who were treated with biologics in the Danish hospital system. The biologics included adalimumab, anakinra, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, secukinumab, and ustekinumab. Main outcomes and measures: Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to show drug survival, and Cox regression models were employed to calculate adjusted (age, sex, prior number of biologic treatment series) hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of treatment discontinuation. A Sankey diagram was used to depict switching patterns. Results: A total of 452 patients (873 treatment series) were included, with a mean age of 41.4 years (standard deviation 12.8) at initiation of first biologic therapy. The most frequently used biologics were adalimumab (61.9%), infliximab (14.8%), ustekinumab (6.4%) and secukinumab (3.1%), respectively. The median (interquartile range) drug survival time was 33.0 (16.0-63.0), 34.0 (13.9-79.1), 28.6 (16.0-77.1) and13.0 (12.0-49.1) weeks for adalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab and secukinumab, respectively. Among patients treated with adalimumab, stratified analyses showed that bio-naïve patients had a significantly longer drug survival time compared with non-naïve patients, 39.0 (IQR, 19.0-75.0) versus 26.2 (IQR, 12.0-51.7) weeks (p=0.04). For patients treated with ustekinumab, HS surgery during the treatment was associated with reduced risk of drug discontinuation (aHR 0.38, CI 95% 0.18-0.80), p=0.01. Conclusions and relevance: Long-term drug survival data are reported in HS for adalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab and secukinumab. Among patients treated with adalimumab, bio-naïve patients had a significantly longer drug survival time compared with non-naïve patients