16 research outputs found
Rapid Vapor-Phase Deposition of High-Mobility p-Type Buffer Layers on Perovskite Photovoltaics for Efficient Semi-Transparent Devices
- Author
- Publication venue
- ACS Energy Letters
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with transparent electrodes can be integrated with existing solar panels in tandem configurations to increase the power conversion efficiency. A critical layer in semi-transparent PSCs is the inorganic buffer layer, which protects the PSC against damage when the transparent electrode is sputtered on top. The development of n-i-p structured semi-transparent PSCs has been hampered by the lack of suitable p-type buffer layers. In this work we develop a p-type CuOx buffer layer, which can be grown uniformly over the perovskite device without damaging the perovskite or organic hole transport layer. The CuOx layer has high hole mobility (4.3 ± 2 cm2 V-1 s-1), high transmittance (>95%), and a suitable ionization potential for hole extraction (5.3 ± 0.2 eV). Semi-transparent PSCs with efficiencies up to 16.7% are achieved using the CuOx buffer layer. Our work demonstrates a new approach to integrate n-i-p structured PSCs into tandem configurations, as well as enable the development of other devices that need high quality, protective p-type layers.EPSRC Department Training Partnership studentship (No: EP/N509620/1), as well as Bill Welland. T.N.H. acknowledges funding from the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Graphene Technology (No. EP/L016087/1) and the Aziz Foundation. W.-W.L. and J.L.M.-D. acknowledge support from the EPSRC (Nos.: EP/L011700/1, EP/N004272/10), and the Isaac Newton Trust (Minute 13.38(k)). M.N. and J.L.M.-D. acknowledge financial support from EPSRC (No. EP/P027032/1). S. D. S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). R.L.Z.H. acknowledges support from the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme (No.: RF\201718\1701), the Centre of Advanced Materials for Integrated Energy Systems (EPSRC Grant No. EP/P007767/1), the Isaac Newton Trust (Minute 19.07(d)), and the Kim and Juliana Silverman Research Fellowship at Downing College, Cambridge
AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study
- Author
- Abaffy Tatjana
- Abraham Elena Theres
- Abrahão Jônatas Santos
- Abramyan Tigran M.
- Agianian Bogos
- Agogo-Mawuli Percy
- Agoulnik Alexander I.
- Agrawal Rajendra K.
- Aguilera Elena
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Akk Gustav
- Akopian Tatos
- Al-Yozbaki Minnatallah
- Aldhamen Yasser Ali
- Alkan Cigdem
- Alramadhani Dina
- Alteen Matthew G.
- Alvarez Guzmán
- Ammendola Serena
- Anastasio Noelle C.
- Anderson Brandon M.
- Anderson Deborah H.
- Andricopulo Adriano D.
- Angell Richard M.
- Anthis Nicholas J.
- Antonelli Lorenzo
- Apfel Athena Marie
- Arias Juan Antonio Sanchez
- Arozarena Imanol
- Arrigoni Cristina
- Artía Zoraima
- Ashkar Shireen R.
- Ashton Mark R.
- Austin Richard C.
- Ayachi Aicha Gharbi
- Azeem Syeda Maryam
- Bailey-Elkin Ben A.
- Balakrishnan Bijina
- Balaña-Fouce Rafael
- Ballatore Carlo
- Banerjee Sourav
- Banerji Versha
- Banjo Toshihiro
- Barghash Marim M.
- Batey Robert A.
- Battistoni Andrea
- Baumann Ulrich
- Bdira Fredj Ben
- Bedi Mel
- Ben-Johny Manu
- Bergman Bastiaan
- Bernard Denzil
- Berti Andrew
- Bharambe Nikhil
- Bishop Ozlem Tastan
- Blanchet Xavier
- Blelloch Robert
- Blumenthal Robert M.
- Bognár Gabriella
- Bogomolovas Julijus
- Bon Carlotta
- Boorman Jacob
- Borowska Anna
- Borriello Francesco
- Bowman Gregory R.
- Bradley Robert K.
- Bradshaw William J.
- Brady-Kalnay Susann M.
- Breton Hairol E.
- Bruning John B.
- Bruning John Burt
- Bryant-Friedrich Amanda
- Buckner Frederick S.
- Buroni Silvia
- Butler Brittany
- Byrne Lee J.
- Byun Soo Young
- Caflisch Amedeo
- Cakir Isin
- Caliandro Ileana
- Caljon Guy
- Cann Andrew B.
- Caporali Andrea
- Capuzzi Stephen J.
- Caroleo Maria Cristina
- Cathcart Ann M.
- Celano Stephanie L.
- Cerna Mark Vincent C. dela
- Chadni Somaia Haque
- Champion Matthew M.
- Chan Nei-Li
- Chapman Carly J.
- Chaton Catherine T.
- Chatterjee Arnab K.
- Chaudhuri Dipayan
- Chauhan Shefali
- Chaytow Helena
- Chen Daniel
- Chen Lifeng
- Chen Yicheng
- Chern Ting-Rong
- Chini Andrea
- Chou Tristan
- Chou Tsui-Fen
- Christensen Emily M.
- Christodoulides Myron
- Chu Shaoyou
- Chua Benjamin Soon Kai
- Chuah Janelle
- Chung Zara
- Chuong Patrick
- Ciccia Alberto
- Cildir Gökhan
- Cione Erika
- Clayton W. Brent
- Coles John G.
- Colomba Audrey
- Colotti Gianni
- Conn Graeme L.
- Conticello Silvestro G.
- Contreras Stephanie
- Cools Julie
- Coombe Deirdre R.
- Corson Timothy W.
- Cortopassi Gino
- Corvo Ileana
- Costoya Jose A.
- Cowen Leah E.
- Cox Bryan D.
- Cuddihy Andrew R.
- Cullinane Ryan T.
- Cunningham Kathryn A.
- Dahal Gopal
- Dallman Sydney
- Dame Remus T.
- Davtyan Aram
- De Keulenaer Gilles
- De Luise Monica
- de Oliveira Aldo Sena
- de Oliveira Saulo
- de Sousa Alessandra Mara
- de Souza Guilherme Eduardo
- Debonsi Hosana Maria
- Degterev Alexei
- DeHaan Nicholas
- Del Rio Flores Antonio
- Dempsey Garrett
- Desai Umesh R.
- Diallo Bakary N’tji
- Dickhout Jeffrey
- Dickinson Bryan C.
- Dieck Chelsea L.
- Dirksen Dorian
- do Monte-Neto Rubens Lima
- Dolce Vincenza
- Donaldson William A.
- Douville Renée N.
- Dowling David J.
- Drewry David H.
- Duggan Brendan M.
- Duncan Dustin
- Dymock Brian W.
- Dzhumaev Sergei
- D’Antuono Anna
- Ebright Richard H.
- Eckert Sam
- Edelman Benjamin L.
- Eitzen Gary
- ElSheikh Assmaa
- Englinger Bernhard
- Escaffre Olivier
- Espinoza Stefano
- Evans Jay D.
- Faller Kiterie M. E.
- Fan Erkang
- Fan Hua-Ying
- Fathallah M. Dahmani
- Feng Hui
- Ferrando Adolfo A.
- Ferraris Davide Maria
- Ferreira Jacob
- Ferreira Rafaela Salgado
- Fiermonte Giuseppe
- Finkelstein Joshua M.
- Fiorillo Annarita
- Fish Paul V.
- Foong Wuen Ee
- Foote Andrea Talbot
- Francisco Karol R.
- Frangos Zachary J.
- Fraser Cameron
- Freiberg Alexander N.
- Freywald Andrew
- Friedland Greg
- Fries Jacob
- Gadar Kavita
- Gandhi Neha S.
- Garaeva Alisa A.
- Garavaglia Silvia
- Garcia George A.
- García-Cuesta Eva M.
- Garmendia Antonio E.
- Gasparre Giuseppe
- Gavathiotis Evripidis
- Gebauer Jan M.
- Geden Sandra E.
- Geisbrecht Brian V.
- Gelardi Edoardo Luigi Maria
- Gerwick William H.
- Ghilarducci Kim
- Ghosh Agnidipta
- Giardini Miriam A.
- Gierse Robin Matthias
- Giesler Kyle
- Gillingwater Thomas H.
- Gingras Alexandre R.
- Giorgis Marta
- Girolimetti Giulia
- Glubb Dylan M.
- Glukhov Evgenia
- Gniewek Pawel
- Goldenberg Joshua M.
- Gong Bin
- Gorgoglione Ruggiero
- Granneman James G.
- Greene Geoffrey L.
- Greig Iain R.
- Gruber Joshua J.
- Guido Rafael V. C.
- Gumede Njabulo Joyfull
- Gunasekharan Vignesh
- Gupta Tushita
- Gupta Yogesh K.
- Gustincich Stefano
- Haas Arthur L.
- Hahn William C.
- Haikarainen Teemu
- Hammock Bruce D.
- Hannink Mark
- Hansen Kasper B.
- Hare Stephanie
- Harijan Rajesh K.
- Haupt Larisa M.
- He Yuan
- Hedstrom Lizbeth
- Hedstrom Lizbeth
- Heifets Abraham
- Henriksen Niel
- Herdendorf Timothy J.
- Hermle Tobias
- Herr Andrew B.
- Hickey Robert J.
- Hildeman David A.
- Hirsch Anna K. H.
- Ho Gregory
- Hopkins Kevin M.
- Hoppe Heinrich
- Horstmann Nicola
- Hosfield David J.
- Hossain Sakib
- Houry Walid A.
- Hsiao Edward C.
- Hu Di
- Hu Yanmei
- Huang Chang
- Huimei Chen
- Hussain Muhammad Saddam
- Iglesias Pablo
- Ikegami Tetsuro
- Ilari Andrea
- Inde Zintis
- Ingoglia Filippo
- Iommarini Luisa
- Ip Philbert
- Jackson Michael R.
- Jafar-Nejad Hamed
- Jayasinghe Thilina D.
- Jo Eunji
- Johannsen Sandra
- John Ashley L. St.
- Jones Peter L.
- Jossart Jennifer N.
- Jung Hoyoung
- Kahler Charlene M.
- Kampourakis Thomas
- Kandror Olga
- Karan Charles
- Katyal Sachin
- Kee Jung-Min
- Kee Jung-Min
- Keedy Daniel A.
- Kejriwal Rishabh
- Keller Charles
- Kelm Robert J.
- Kemet Chinyere Maat
- Kenyon Victor
- Kerr William G.
- Khalaf Noureddine Ben
- Kilkenny Mairi Louise
- Kim Hyeong Jun
- Kim Kyu Kwang
- Kootstra Neeltje A.
- Koppisetti Rama K.
- Korotkov Konstantin V.
- Kotzé Timothy J.
- Kováts Benjámin
- Kratz Jadel Müller
- Krishnamurthy Durga
- Krist David T.
- Kroon Erna Geessien
- Kushnir Alexander
- Kwiatkowski Jacek
- Laggner Christian
- Lai Kent
- Lake Robert J.
- Lam Andrew
- Lama Eleonora
- Lan Tong
- Landfear Scott M.
- Lasarte Juan José
- Lawrence Daniel A.
- Lee Andreia H.
- Lee Donghan
- Lee Gyeongeun
- Lee Jiyoun
- Lee Kyung Hyeon
- Lee Pil H.
- Legare Scott
- Lehtiö Lari
- Lembo Gaia
- Lempicki Camille
- Lenci Elena
- Leng Fenfei
- Lescar Julien
- Leung Elisa
- Leuzzi Giuseppe
- Levin Michael
- Li Hai
- Li Shan
- Li Wei
- Li Yihe
- Li Yong
- Li Yunlong
- Liao Jiayu
- Liao Junzhuo
- Lieberman Howard B.
- Lin Jiabei
- Lin Jiusheng
- Liou Benjamin
- Lisabeth Erika Mathes
- Liu Chen
- Liu Koting
- Liu Pengda
- Liu Pengda
- Liu Zhongle
- Lobb Kevin A.
- Lolicato Marco
- Lolli Marco Lucio
- Longo Nicola
- Lotsaris Irina
- Lowther W. Todd
- Loy Cody A.
- Lu Xin
- Luh Frank
- Lukacs Gergely L.
- Luo Dahai
- Lussier Marc P.
- Lynn Edward G.
- Machaca Khaled
- Maciag Joseph J.
- Macias Maria J.
- MacKeigan Jeffrey P.
- Mahmoodi Niusha
- Maksimainen Mirko M.
- Malkas Linda H.
- Maltarollo Vinícius Gonçalves
- Mameli Eleonora
- Manor Danny
- Mantri Chinmay Kumar
- Maranda Vincent
- Martin Katie R.
- Martin-Malpartida Pau
- Maruta Shinsaku
- Marx Steven O.
- Mason Emily R.
- Matheeussen An
- Matovic Nick
- Mattevi Andrea
- Maurice Martin St.
- Mayer Gaétan
- Maynes Jason T.
- Mazitschek Ralph
- McCarthy Ronan R.
- McDowell Mary Ann
- McManus Kirk James
- Mehedi Masfique
- Mehlman Tamar
- Mellado Mario
- Mellor Paul
- Merrill Nathan M.
- Michlewski Gracjan
- Milosavljevic Julian
- Minakova Anna
- Miner Jaden
- Moharreri Ehsan
- Molyneaux Kathleen A.
- Montanaro Anna
- Moore Hannah P.
- Moore Richard G.
- Moreda Teresa Lozano
- Moreira David
- Moreira Paulo Otávio Lourenço
- Morisseau Christophe
- Morrison Adrian
- Morten Brianna C.
- Mostert Konrad J.
- Mota Bruno Eduardo Fernandes
- Motyl Anna A. L.
- Mousa Jarrod J.
- Mowat Michael
- Muli Christine S.
- Mungrue Imran N.
- Mushtaq Aisha
- Musta Kirsikka
- Müller Anna
- Müller Christa E.
- Myhr Courtney
- Mysinger Michael
- Mysore Venkatesh
- Nagai Maira Harume
- Nagamori Kiyo
- Namasivayam Vigneshwaran
- Nasburg Joshua Alexander
- Ng Ho Leung
- Ng James
- Ngo Lien
- Ngoi Peter
- Nguyen Kong
- Novina Carl D.
- null null
- Ogunwa Tomisin Happy
- Ojha Anil K.
- Ojo Kayode K.
- Olson Steven H.
- Ortiz Diana
- Oyarzabal Julen
- O’Brien Terrence E.
- O’Connell Patrick
- O’Dea Austin
- O’Donoghue Anthony J.
- O’Mara Megan L.
- O’Mara Tracy A.
- O’Meara Timothy R.
- O’Sullivan Ann Marie
- Pai Vaibhav P.
- Paige Mikell
- Palazzo Teresa
- Panganiban Antonito T.
- Paparella Ashleigh S.
- Parang Keykavous
- Parico Gian Carlo G.
- Park Soonju
- Partch Carrie L.
- Pascal John M.
- Pasquali Marzia
- Patel Amit K.
- Paulino Cristina
- Pederick Jordan L.
- Peltier Cheryl
- Pemberton Ryan P.
- Perry Benjamin
- Perry J. Jefferson P.
- Petretto Enrico
- Pérez-Pertejo Yolanda
- Phadke Sameer
- Pham Kien
- Pineda-Lucena Antonio
- Poirier Steve
- Popowicz Grzegorz Maria
- Porcelli Anna Maria
- PrasadPrasad Srimukh Veccham Krishna
- Presser Adam G.
- Pressly Brandon
- Prikler Gergely
- Prince Ashutosh
- Puchades-Carrasco Leonor
- Pusztai Lajos
- Qi Xin
- Qin Xingping
- Qureshi Insaf Ahmed
- Rabal Obdulia
- Radhakrishnan Senthil K.
- Ramachandran Rajesh
- Randall Lía M.
- Rangarajan Amith Vikram
- Rayman Joseph B.
- Reglero Clara
- Reguera Rosa Maria
- Reidenbach Andrew G.
- Reis Joana
- Ribeiro Beatriz Murta Rezende Moraes
- Richardson Timothy I.
- Riches David W. H.
- Rizzi Menico
- Robinson Victoria L.
- Rocha Rafael Eduardo Oliveira
- Rodriguez G. Marcela
- Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel
- Rohde Kyle H.
- Ronchi Virginia Paola
- Ronning Donald R.
- Rosnik Andreana
- Roti Giovanni
- Rouzbeh Nirvan
- Rowswell-Turner Rachael B.
- Rubin Eric J.
- Rucinski Gwennan
- Safo Martin K.
- Sainas Stefano
- Salas Brenda P. Medellin
- Samantha Ariela
- Samudio Ben
- Santiago César
- Sarangapani Krishna
- Sarilla Suryakala
- Sarosiek Kristopher
- Schneider Nicholas O.
- Schroedl Stefan
- Scoffone Viola Camilla
- Segers Vincent F. M.
- Seo Seung-Yong
- Serafim Mateus Sá Magalhães
- Shaqra Ala M.
- Shek Stefani
- Shelburne Samuel A.
- Shim Heesung
- Shorter James
- Shoue Douglas A.
- Shum David
- Shyng Show-Ling
- Siderovski David P.
- Sidorova Yulia A.
- Silva Elany Barbosa
- Silvennoinen Olli
- Singh Nathanael
- Singh Neeraj
- Singh Rakesh K.
- Siqueira-Neto Jair L.
- Sishtla Kamakshi
- Sistla Jyothi C.
- Skorodinsky Maxim
- Slotboom Dirk J.
- Smith David M.
- Smith Kristiana S.
- Smrcka Alan V.
- So Jonathan
- Sobrado Pablo
- Soellner Matthew B.
- Solano Roberto
- Sorenson Jon M.
- Stafford Kate
- Stahl Andreas
- Statsyuk Alexander V.
- Stec Natalia
- Stecula Adrian
- Stetefeld Joerg
- Strauss Erick
- Stuchbury Grant David
- Su Leila
- Su Tong
- Su Zhengchen
- Sugamori Kim S.
- Sun Ying
- Suterwala Shabbir
- Svensson Fredrik
- Sverzhinsky Aleksandr
- Swart Tarryn
- Taglialatela Angelo
- Tam Heng-Keat
- Tandon Vasudha
- Tang Weiping
- Tang Young
- Tanner John J.
- Taylor Richard E.
- Teixeira Thaiz Rodrigues
- Teramoto Tadahisa
- Thai Van Chi
- Thayer Desiree
- Thomas Bill
- Thompson Erik W.
- Tilford Hannah
- Tiwari Rakesh Kumar
- Toh Alan Kie Leong
- Tomilov Alexey
- Toogood Peter
- Torner Carles
- Trabocchi Andrea
- Trader Darci J.
- Trakhtenberg Ephraim F.
- Trinh Nguyen Mai
- Truong Ha
- Tse-Dinh Yuk-Ching
- Tsimbalyuk Sofiya
- Tumes Damon J.
- Tye Mark A.
- Uribe Ruben Vazquez
- Valli Marilia
- van den Akker Focco
- van den Bedem Henry
- Van Doren Steven R.
- Van Grack Tessa
- Van Hung Le Vuong
- Van Pelt Natascha
- Van Remmen Holly
- Van Voorhis Wesley C.
- Vandenberg Robert J.
- Veit Guido
- Verhamme Ingrid M.
- Verma Rajkumar
- Viola Ronald E.
- Virtanen Anniina
- Vizeacoumar Franco J.
- Vizeacoumar Frederick S.
- Vleminckx Margot
- von Hundelshausen Philipp
- Voss Jan Hendrik
- Vrielink Alice
- Waggoner Stephen N.
- Walensky Loren D.
- Wallach Izhar
- Wang Feng
- Wang Jianghai
- Wang Jun
- Wang Xingyou
- Wang Zhenghe
- Warrington Jeffrey M.
- Watkins Joshua
- Wazir Sarah
- Weber Christian
- Welsbie Derek S.
- Wentworth Kelly L.
- Wert-Lamas Leon
- White Andrew
- White Simon J.
- Whitesell Luke
- Williams Tiffany
- Wilson Cornelia M.
- Wilson Mark A.
- Windisch Marc P.
- Wong Keith S.
- Woods Virgil A.
- Worley Brad
- Wu Pengpeng
- Wu Xiaoyang
- Wulff Heike
- Xiang Fei
- Xu Hongyang
- Xu Jiake
- Xu Jingyi
- Xu Sophia Q.
- Xu Xin
- Yan Riqiang
- Yang Chao-Yie
- Yen Yun
- Young Matthew A.
- Yu Fang
- Yu Xinfang
- Yuan Haynes
- Yuan Xinrui
- Zahler Stefan
- Zeina Christina M.
- Zelinskaya Natalia
- Zhang Dingqiang
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Wenjun
- Zhang Xu
- Zhang Yan Jessie
- Zhang Zhiguo
- Zhao Jinshi
- Zhou Han
- Zhou Hui
- Zhou Jia
- Zhou Pei
- Zhou Shan
- Zhu Jiaqi
- Zhu Siran
- Zhu Yini
- Zhuo Ling
- Zochodne Douglas William
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery
Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children
- Author
- Abdulla Amina
- Aebi Christoph
- Agbeko Rachel
- Aggelos Pefanis
- Agranoff Dan
- Agwuh Ken
- Agyeman Philipp
- Alba-Alejandre Irene
- Ali Ladan
- Alkema Wynand
- Allen Karen
- Alrabiah Dimah K.
- Amatya Puja
- Anderson Glenn
- Anderson Suzanne
- Andrade Catarina
- Andreani Julien
- Anpananthar Amutha
- Ansari Imran
- Antinao Diaz Juan F.
- Arif Tasnim
- Armstrong Diane
- Armstrong Jane A.
- Armstrong Lawrence
- Asgarian Zeinab
- Atkinson Laura
- Avcin Tadej
- Avramoska Tanja
- Baas Bryan
- Bahovec Natalija
- Baillie Kenneth
- Balode Anda
- Bamford Alasdair
- Barendregt A. M.
- Barral-Arca Ruth
- Barzdina Arta
- Barzdina Elza
- Basmaci Romain
- Bath David
- Bauchinger Sebastian
- Baumard Lucas
- Baumgart Hinrich
- Baxter Frances
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beer Sally
- Bell Ashley
- Bell Claire
- Bell Kathryn
- Bellini Arianna
- Bello Xabier
- Bellos Evangelos
- Benesch Martin
- Benesch Martin
- Bennet Joshua
- Berger Christoph
- Bernhard-Stirnemann Sara
- Beudeker Coco R.
- Beveridge Laura
- Bibi Sagida
- Bidlingmaier Christoph
- Biesbroek Giske
- Bijukchhe Sanjeev Man
- Billing Kyle
- Binder Alexander
- Binder Vera
- Birt Mark
- Bogovic Petra
- Bohmova Kristyna
- Bojang Kalifa
- Bont Louis J.
- Borensztajn Dorine M.
- Bories Pauline
- Branch Nicole
- Brengel-Pesce Karen
- Breuer Judith
- Broderick Claire
- Brotherton Helen
- Brown Julianne R.
- Brown Rachel
- Buddle Sarah
- Burling Sara
- Buschbeck Judith
- Cabello Laura
- Calle Irene Rivero
- Calvo-Bado Leo
- Campos Luis
- Candlish Janie
- Capozzi Lisa
- Carnota Sandra
- Caro Ivan
- Carrol Enitan D.
- Carson Gail
- Carter Michael
- Carter Michael J.
- Castellano Sergi
- Castro Maria Barreiro
- Cebey-López Miriam
- Ceesay Samba
- Celma Cristina
- Ceolotto Astrid
- Chan Adora
- Chand Meera
- Channon-Wells Samuel
- Charalambos Gogos
- Chikowore Primrose
- Chiurchiù Sara
- Chukkambotla Srikanth
- Chériaux Laura
- Clark Richard
- Clohisey Sara
- Cocklin Elizabeth
- Cohen Jonathan
- Cohen Laure
- Collings Kalvin
- Collins Emma
- Connon Maggie
- Cooray Samantha
- Cotillon Marie
- Counsell John R.
- Coutts Audrey
- Cresswell Fiona
- Crulley Stephen
- Cunnington Aubrey
- Curras-Tuala María José
- Czap Agata
- D'alessandro Umberto
- D?Souza Giselle
- Dall Anna
- Danekova Nevena
- Danhauser Katharina
- Darboe Saffiatou
- Darnell Sarah
- Daubney Esther
- Davis Francesca
- Davoust Juraté
- Dawson Joy
- de Groc Thibault
- de Groot Ronald
- de Haan L.
- de Jonge Marien I.
- de Silva Thushan
- de Tugny Alice
- de Vries Gabriella
- De Surjo
- De Tisham
- Deep Akash
- Deheragoda Maesha
- Deksne D?rta
- Devine Kirsty
- Dewez Juan Emmanuel
- Dewez Manuel
- Diaba Cynthia
- Dickinson Holly
- Dik W.
- Donelly Lorna
- Donohue Chloe
- Dorward David
- Drysdale Simon B.
- Dudley Julia
- Dunning Jake
- DuRand Ingrid
- Eber Ernst
- Eisen Sarah
- Eleftheriou Irini
- Ellis Donna
- Elorrieta Leire Estramiana
- Emonts Marieke
- Ensom Ruth
- Epalza Cristina
- Estrada-Rivadeneyra Diego
- Evans Benjamin
- Fabian Daniel
- Farmer Sarah
- Farto Cristina Balo
- Faust Saul
- Fawkes Angie
- Ferguson Susie
- Fernández Sonia Serén
- Feuchtinger Tobias
- Fidler Katy
- Fink Colin
- Finlayson Lauren
- Fish Matthew
- Fitchett Elizabeth
- Fletcher Tom
- Floyd Sharon
- Fullerton Duncan
- Galassini Rachel
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallistl Siegfried
- Gannon Louise
- García Mirian Ben
- Gardiner Emma
- Garg Sanjeev
- Geissler J.
- Georgiou Pantelis
- Gerrits G. P. J. M.
- Giannoni Eric
- Gijón Manuel
- Gilchrist Tammy
- Gissen Paul
- Giuseppe Martina Di
- Gloerich Jolein
- Goetschalckx Ines
- Gonzalez Suam
- González Fernando Álvez
- Gores Gunther
- Gormley Stuart
- Graham Clive
- Grammatikopoulos Tassos
- Gravele Dagne
- Griese Matthias
- Grope Ilze
- Gruppen Mariken
- Guerra-Assunção José Afonso
- Gunson Rory
- Gurung Meeru
- Gutiérrez Lourdes
- Gómez-Carballa Alberto
- Haas Nikolaus
- Habgood-Coote Dominic
- Hadzic Nedim
- Hafezi Katarzyna
- Hagedoorn Nienke N.
- Haidl Harald
- Hamilton Shea
- Hamzah Lisa
- Hanlon Killian S.
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- Hude Christa
- Huijnen Martijn
- Hutchinson J. Ciaran
- Hösele Susanne
- Iglesias Marisol Vilas
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- Irving Clare
- Isaacs John
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- Jones Amaryl
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- Lin Naomi
- Linforth Michelle
- Little Jeff
- Liu Ching-Chuan
- Logan Sheena
- Lubinda Tim
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- Lurz Eberhard
- Löffler Sabine
- MacFarlane Susan
- MacGillivray Louise
- Machín Fátima
- Mackerness Christine
- Maclean Alan
- Maconochie Ian
- Macpherson Hannah
- Madelane Monta
- Maier Esther
- Malcolm Ivone Lancoma
- Mallet François
- Mandal Sema
- Manzanares Ángela
- Manzano Jesus-Rodriguez
- Maritsi Despoina
- Marjaneh Mahdi Moradi
- Markos Maragos
- Marmarinos Antonios
- Marmarinos Antonis
- Martin Bernal Luz Marina
- Martin Alex
- Martin Darran
- Martin Joanne
- Martin Mike
- Martinón-Torres Federico
- Martinón-Torres Nazareth
- Matovu Elijah
- Matthews Peter
- McAlinden Paul
- McArdle Andrew
- McCafferty Sarah
- McDonald Sam
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- McDonnell Anne
- McGenily Laura
- McGill Fiona
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- Meierford Anne
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- Merson Laura
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- Neill Claire
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- Nijman Ruud
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- Nordberg Gudrun
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- O'Connor Daniel
- O?Reilly Peter
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- Patel Harsita
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- Pavare Jana
- Paz Ivonne Pena
- Pennisi Ivana
- Persand Salina
- Peters Mark
- Pfleger Andreas
- Pfurtscheller Klaus
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- Pierce Benjamin
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- Ramsay Maxine
- Rashid Aqeela
- Redondo-Collazo Lorenzo
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- Riddell Anna
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- Urbane Urzula Nora
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- Usman Mariama
- Usuf Effua
- Valentine Lucille
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- van de Kuip Martijn
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- van den Berg Merlijn
- van den Broek Bryan
- van der Flier Michiel
- van der Flier Michiel
- van der Giessen Ilona
- van der Kuip M.
- van der Velden Fabian
- van der Velden Fabian J. S.
- van der Zee Carlijn
- van Furth A. M.
- van Furth Marceline
- van Gool Alain J.
- van Hensbroek Michael Boele
- van Keulen Danielle
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- Vastert Sebastiaan J.
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- Vicente Luisa García
- Vijlbrief Daniel C.
- Villaverde Serena
- Vincek Katarina
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- von Both Ulrich
- Vázquez Sara Rey
- Waddington Simon N.
- Wallia Diane
- Wallner Elmar
- Wang Shih-Min
- Ward Bryony
- Ward Catriona
- Watson Conall
- Weber Kathrin
- Wedderburn Catherine
- Wellings Lucy
- Wellman Paul
- Wham Murray
- White Deborah
- White Marie
- Whittaker Elizabeth
- Whittaker Paul
- Whittaker Thomas E.
- Willems Esther
- Williams Charlotte A.
- Williams Rachel
- Wilson Barbara
- Wilson Clare
- Winmill Helen
- Wolfs Tom F. W.
- Womersley Rebecca
- Wood Amanda
- Woodsford Phil
- Wright Victoria
- Wrobel Nicola
- Wyss Verena
- Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M.
- Xagorari Marietta
- Yeung Shunmay
- Zachariasse Joany
- Zaman Syed M. A.
- Zambon Maria
- Zandstra Judith
- Zavadska Dace
- Zennezini Chiozzi Riccardo
- Zenz Werner
- Zimmermann Elisa
- Zurl Christoph
- Zwerenz Manuela
- Publication venue
- Nature Research
- Publication date
- 30/03/2023
- Field of study
Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two
- Author
- Abassi Yama
- Abelin Jennifer G
- Abolhalaj Milad
- Abraham Tara S
- Adam Ammar
- Adams David
- Adams Homer
- Adams Sarah F
- Adamus Tomasz
- Addepalli Murali
- Addepalli Murali
- Adjei Alex A
- Agapova Larissa
- Agarwala Sanjiv
- Ager Casey
- Aggarwal Charu
- Agnello Giulia
- Agudo Judith
- Aguilar Ethan G
- Aguilera Todd
- Ahamadi Malidi
- Ahn Yong-Oon
- Ahrens Eric T
- Aizer Ayal
- Ajina Reham
- Akerley Wallace
- Al-Muftah Mariam
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albrekt Ann-Sofie
- Alekar Shilpa
- Alemany Ramon
- Alemany Ramon
- Alexander Brian
- Allbritton Omaira
- Allen Clint T
- Alley Evan W
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Alston Tesha
- Alt Jürgen
- Alters Susan
- Amatulli Michael
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anderson Clark
- Anderson Mark
- Andersson Bengt
- Andre Pascale
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Angiuoli Sam
- Ansari Tameem
- Anthony Scott
- Antonarakis Emmanuel S
- Antonia Scott J
- Anwar Firoz
- Aquino-Michaels Keston
- Archer Jacob F
- Arina Ainhoa
- Armand Philippe
- Armenta Paul
- Armet Caroline M
- Arnoux Thomas
- Ascarateil Stephane
- Askmyr David
- Atkins Michael
- Atkins Michael B
- Atkinson Victoria
- Au Katrina
- Autio Karen A
- Awad Mark
- Bagarazzi Mark
- Bai Dina
- Baia Gilson
- Baird Jason
- Bajaj Anshika
- Balatoni Timea
- Balboni Tracy
- Balch Leslie
- Bang Andrew
- Bao Riyue
- Bao Yangyi
- Bao Yangyi
- Barakat David
- Barberi Theresa
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- Demaria Sandra
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- Eisenhower Mary
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- English Jessie
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- Eremeev Artem
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- Eriksson Emma
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- Evans Kathy
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciponte John
- Facciponte John
- Falchook Gerald
- Fantini Massimo
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- Farren Matthew
- Faustman Denise
- Fa’ak Faisal
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- Fraser Kathryn
- Frederix Kim
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- Frey Alan
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- Fukaya Satoshi
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- Geissler Michael
- Gergel Ivan
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- Woodside Darren G
- Workman Creg
- Wu Bill X
- Wu Dongyun
- Wu Jennifer
- Wu Yeting
- Wyant Timothy
- Wythes Martin
- Xi Biao
- Xia Leiming
- Xia Yang
- Xia Yang
- Xiang Bo
- Xiao Christine
- Xiao Hong
- Xiao Zhilan
- Xu Chun-wei
- Xu Chunxiao
- Xu Guifen
- Xu Xiaomei
- Xu Xin
- Xu Ya-Ming
- Xu Yitong
- Yadav Mahesh
- Yagiz Kader
- Yamashiro Darrell J
- Yan Jian
- Yang Chou
- Yang Ning
- Yang Zane
- Yano Hiroshi
- Yao Shiyin
- Ye Yun-bin
- Yin Catherine
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Young Gregory
- Young Gregory
- Young Kristina
- Young Rob
- Young Steve W
- Young Steve W
- Youssoufian Hagop
- Yu Huakui
- Yu Ling
- Yu Naichen
- Zafar Sadia
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zauderer Maurice
- Zeh Herbert
- Zelenetz Andrew D
- Zeng Weiping
- Zeng Xue
- Zha Yuanyuan
- Zhang Danhui
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Ping
- Zhang Qifang
- Zhang Shannon S
- Zhang Theresa
- Zhang Winter
- Zhang Yanping
- Zhao Fei
- Zhao Leyna
- Zhao Xingli
- Zheng Lianxing
- Zheng Wenxin
- Zheng Xianxian
- Zheng Yi
- Zhong Hong
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Xiangjun
- Zippelius Alfred
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zou Jun
- Zuba-Surma Ewa
- Zubkova Olga
- Zureikat Amer
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Background
The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd.
Methods
We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background.
Results
First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A. K. W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
- Kim Dong Hou
- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C. B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
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- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou Feng
- Lin Fu Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan Wan
- Lin Weei Chin
- Lin Yi Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P
- Liton Paloma B
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A
- Lok Chun Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
- Lund Anders H
- Lynch Day Melinda A
- M\ufcller Sylke
- M\ufcnger Karl
- M\ufcnz Christian
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- Mackeigan Jeff P
- Macleod Kay F
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva Maria
- Manon St\ue9phen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
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- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
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- Marten Mark R
- Martin Seamus J
- Martinand Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
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- Mckenna Sharon L
- Mclaughlin Bethann
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- Mcmaster Christopher R
- Mcquibban G. Angus
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- Melino Gerry
- Mena Maria A
- Menendez Javier A
- Menna Barreto Rubem F. S
- Menon Manoj B
- Menzies Fiona M
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- Miao Jun Ying
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- Mijaljica Dalibor
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- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
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- Mostowy Serge
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- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E. H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
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- Mysorekar Indira
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- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
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- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P
- Narita Masashi
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- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G
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- Nguyen Huu Phuc
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- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
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- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
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- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing hsiung James
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- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- P\uf6ggeler Stefanie
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- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
- Palmer Glen E
- Palumbo Camilla
- Pan Tianhong
- Panaretakis Theocharis
- Pandey Udai Bhan
- Papackova Zuzana
- Papassideri Issidora
- Paris Irmgard
- Park Junsoo
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- Parzych Katherine R
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- Pattingre Sophie
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- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite Carle Val\ue9rie
- Pierron G\ue9rard
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- Zheng Xiaoxiang
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- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
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- Zhu Yuangang
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Bradly G. Wouters
- Brian Herman
- Brian P. Rubin
- Brian Zuckerbraun
- Brigitte Galliot
- Brinda Ravikumar
- Brown CR
- Bruce A. Bamber
- Bruce H. Reed
- Bruno Calabretta
- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
- Camilla Palumbo
- Camille Martinand-Mari
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Canhua Huang
- Cantino D
- Carine Michiels
- Carl G. Feng
- Carlos López-Otín
- Carlos S. Subauste
- Carmine Settembre
- Carol A. Mercer
- Carole Kretz-Remy
- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Cathy Tournier
- Caty Casas
- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
- Chanhee Kang
- Chao-Yu Miao
- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Charleen T. Chu
- Charles Grose
- Charles L. Edelstein
- Charles Swanton
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- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
- Chengyu Liang
- Cheol O. Joe
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
- Chi Hin Cho
- Chi-Ming Che
- Chia-Yi Kuan
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
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- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
- Christian Behrends
- Christian G. Meyer
- Christian Münz
- Christian Poüs
- Christian Sell
- Christine McDonald
- Christoph Schüller
- Christopher H.K. Cheng
- Christopher J. Rhodes
- Christopher R. McMaster
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- Chun-Nam Lok
- Chwen-Ming Shih
- Ciechomska IA
- Cindy K. Miranti
- Cinthya Sternberg
- Ciro Isidoro
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Clark W. Distelhorst
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- Claudine Kraft
- Claudio Brancolini
- Claudio D. Gonzalez
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- Claus Kerkhoff
- Clelia Miracco
- Clinton R. Bartholomew
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- Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Congcong He
- Conrad C. Weihl
- Corey Nislow
- Cornelis A.M. de Haan
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- Craig M. Walsh
- Cristiano Simone
- Cristina González-Estévez
- Cuervo AM
- Cécile Vindis
- Céline Gongora
- Da-zhi Xu
- Dagda RK
- Dalibor Mijaljica
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- Daniela Marazziti
- Dao-Cheng Wu
- Daolin Tang
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- Dave Bridges
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- Davide Malagoli
- Dawei Wang
- Debasish Sinha
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- Dennis E. Bulman
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- Derick G. Wansink
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Diane C. Bassham
- Diane C. Fingar
- Diane E. Merry
- Diane M. Ward
- Dieter Willbold
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- Dina Lev
- Dingzhong Tang
- Divaker Choubey
- Do-Hyung Kim
- Dong-Hou Kim
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Dongsheng Cai
- Donna Denton
- DooSeok Choi
- Dubuisson JF
- Dun-Sheng Yang
- Duncan R. Smith
- Duska Separovic
- Ebru Goncu
- Edmond Y. Chan
- Edmund B. Rucker
- Eduardo Cebollero
- Eduardo Couve
- Edward A. Fisher
- Edward A. Fon
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- Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Efrat Levy
- Efthimios Sivridis
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Eiki Kominami
- Eitan Shaulian
- Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin
- Elaine Silva-Zacarin
- Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Eleonora Candi
- Elizabeth P. Henske
- Elizabeth Yang
- Elizete Rizzo
- Emery H. Bresnick
- Emil Rudolf
- Enza Maria Valente
- Eric Chevet
- Eric H. Baehrecke
- Eric J. Brown
- Eriko Fujita
- Erwin Knecht
- Eskelinen E-L
- Eui-Bae Jeung
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- Eva C. Vaquero
- Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Evelina Gatti
- Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- F. Javier Oliver
- Fabio C. Abdalla
- Fabrizio Condorelli
- Faith E. Davies
- Fan Wang
- Faqiang Li
- Farkas T
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Federica Sotgia
- Felix Randow
- Fen Wang
- Fen-Biao Gao
- Feng Han
- FengFeng Tian
- Fernando Macian
- Filomena Fiorito
- Fimia GM
- Fiona M. Menzies
- Francesca Bernassola
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- Francesca Rovetta
- Francesco Cecconi
- Francesco Fornai
- Francis V. Chisari
- Franco Fortunato
- Frank A. Sinicrope
- Frank C. Dorsey
- Frank Lafont
- Frank Madeo
- Fraser P. Coxon
- Fréderic Luciano
- Frédéric Bost
- Frédéric Gros
- Fu-Cheng Lin
- Fujii S
- Fukagawa NK
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Fumihiko Takeshita
- G. Angus McQuibban
- Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
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- Gail V.W. Johnson
- Galliot B
- Gang Min Hur
- Garber AJ
- Gary D. Grant
- Gary K. Ostrander
- Gary K. Schwartz
- Geert Bultynck
- Gengfu Xiao
- Genzou Takemura
- Georg Ramm
- George F. Gao
- George Perry
- George R. Jackson
- Gerald M. McInerney
- Gerry Melino
- Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
- Giampietro Viola
- Gian Maria Fimia
- Gianluca Tettamanti
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Giorgio Casari
- Giovanna Elvira Granato
- Giulia Baldini
- Giuseppe Arancia
- Giusti C
- Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Glen E. Palmer
- Glenn Randall
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Goncu E
- Goran Petrovski
- Gordon C. Shore
- Gordon PB
- Gordon PB
- Gosai SJ
- Graham H. Coombs
- Graham S. Taylor
- Greet Van den Berghe
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Guan J
- Guang-Chao Chen
- Guanghui Wang
- Gudmundur V. Helgason
- Guido Kroemer
- Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Guillermo Mariño
- Guillermo Velasco
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Gustavo Egea
- Guy Salvesen
- Gyesoon Yoon
- Gyun Min Lee
- György Szabadkai
- Gábor Juhász
- Gábor Juhász
- Gérard Pierron
- Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- H. Peter Rodemann
- Hagai Abeliovich
- Haichao Wang
- Han-Jung Chae
- Han-Ming Shen
- Hannah Rabinowich
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Hany Khalil
- Harald Stenmark
- Harm H. Kampinga
- Haruo Kanno
- Hassan Chaachouay
- Hee Jeong Kong
- Heesun Cheong
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Helmut Krämer
- Henri Batoko
- Henri Bernardi
- Henry N. Ginsberg
- Herbert J. Zeh III
- Hermann M. Schätzl
- Hernan Roca
- Hesham M. Al-Younes
- Hilary A. Coller
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Hiroshi Koga
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Hiroyuki Ishida
- Hirsimäki Y
- Hisashi Ashida
- Hisashi Harada
- Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Ho Jeong Kwon
- Ho Jin You
- Hong Jiang
- Hong Zhang
- Hong-Gang Wang
- Hong-Ming Hu
- Hongchi Jiang
- Horng-Dar Wang
- Howard S. Fox
- Hsing-Jien Kung
- Huan-Yao Lei
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- Hui-Ling Zhang
- Huizhou Fan
- Hutchins MU
- Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Hyung Jun Ahn
- Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Hyunjung J. Lim
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- Ian G. Ganley
- Iban Seiliez
- Ichizo Nishino
- Ida J. van der Klei
- Ida Perrotta
- Igor B. Roninson
- Ilse Vanhorebeek
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- Ira Tabas
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- Issidora Papassideri
- Ivan Dikic
- Ivana Novak
- Iwai-Kanai E
- J. Lindsay Whitton
- J. Paul Taylor
- J. Wade Harper
- Jacques Landry
- Jae-Ho Cheong
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Jae-Young Koh
- Jakub Golab
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- James H. Shelhamer
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- James J. Dowling
- James M. Cregg
- James M. Phang
- Jan A.K.W. Kiel
- Jan B. Parys
- Jan C. Koch
- Jan Gunst
- Janice S. Blum
- Jason E. Gestwicki
- Jason S. King
- Javier A. Menendez
- Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Javier Calvo-Garrido
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- Jay E. Brenman
- Jayanta Debnath
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- Jean-Pierre Bourquin
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- Jeffrey A. Haspel
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- Jiandie D. Lin
- Jianhua Zhang
- Jianxin Peng
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
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- Thumm Michael
- Tian FengFeng
- Tian Yuan
- Tocchini-Valentini Glauco
- Tolkovsky Aviva M.
- Tomino Yasuhiko
- Tooze Sharon A.
- Tournier Cathy
- Tower John
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H.
- Tsai Ting-Fen
- Tschan Mario P.
- Tsubata Takeshi
- Tsung Allan
- Turk Boris
- Turner Lorianne S.
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- Tönges Lars
- Uchiyama Yasuo
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- Valente Enza Maria
- Van den Berghe Greet
- van der Klei Ida J.
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- van Dyk Linda F.
- van Egmond Marjolein
- van Grunsven Leo A.
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- Vila Miquel
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- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H.
- Fox Howard S.
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B.
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
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- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
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- Kiger Amy A.
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- Kim Do-Hyung
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- Kim Hyung-Ryong
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- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
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- Mandelkow Eva-Maria
- Manon Stephen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
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- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L.
- Marchbank Katie
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- Marcondes Mateus
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- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
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- Muller Sylviane
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- Münger Karl
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- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
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- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Zhong Qing
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- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
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- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
- Author
- Abdelmohsen Kotb
- Abe Akihisa
- Abedin Md Joynal
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Adachi Hiroaki
- Adams Christopher M.
- Adams Peter D.
- Adeli Khosrow
- Adhihetty Peter J.
- Adler Sharon G.
- Agam Galila
- Agarwal Rajesh
- Aghi Manish K.
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguilar Patricia V.
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio
- Airoldi Edoardo M.
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akporiaye Emmanuel T.
- Al-Rubeai Mohamed
- Albaiceta Guillermo M.
- Albanese Chris
- Albani Diego
- Albert Matthew L.
- Aldudo Jesus
- Alguel Hana
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Alloza Iraide
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Beceril Maylin
- Alnemri Emad S.
- Alonso Covadonga
- Altan-Bonnet Nihal
- Altieri Dario C.
- Alvarez Silvia
- Alvarez-Erviti Lydia
- Alves Sandro
- Amadoro Giuseppina
- Amano Atsuo
- Amantini Consuelo
- Ambrosio Santiago
- Amelio Ivano
- Amer Amal O.
- Amessou Mohamed
- Amon Angelika
- An Zhenyi
- Ana Gonzalez-Polo Rosa
- Anania Frank A.
- Andersen Stig U.
- Andley Usha P.
- Andreadi Catherine K.
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Anel Alberto
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Antonioli Manuela
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Aquila Saveria
- Aquilano Katia
- Araki Koichi
- Arama Eli
- Aranda Agustin
- Araya Jun
- Arcaro Alexandre
- Arias Esperanza
- Arimoto Hirokazu
- Ariosa Aileen R.
- Armstrong Jane L.
- Arnould Thierry
- Arozena Abraham Acevedo
- Arsov Ivica
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Askanas Valerie
- Asselin Eric
- Atarashi Ryuichiro
- Atherton Sally S.
- Atkin Julie D.
- Attardi Laura D.
- Auberger Patrick
- Auburger Georg
- Aurelian Laure
- Autelli Riccardo
- Avagliano Laura
- Avantaggiati Maria Laura
- Avrahami Limor
- Awale Suresh
- Azad Neelam
- Bachetti Tiziana
- Backer Jonathan M.
- Bae Dong-Hun
- Bae Jae-Sung
- Bae Ok-Nam
- Bae Soo Han
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Baek Seung-Hoon
- Baghdiguian Stephen
- Bagniewska-Zadworna Agnieszka
- Bai Hua
- Bai Jie
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Balaji Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Balzan Rena
- Banerjee Rajkumar
- Banhegyi Gabor
- Bao Haijun
- Barbato Daniele Lettieri
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- Barrachina Maria D.
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- Bassham Diane C.
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- Becker Christoph
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- Behrens Georg M. N.
- Behrns Kevin E.
- Bejarano Eloy
- Belaid Amine
- Belleudi Francesca
- Benard Giovanni
- Berchem Guy
- Bergamaschi Daniele
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- Berkhout Ben
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernard Amelie
- Bernard Monique
- Bernassola Francesca
- Bertolotti Anne
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- Besteiro Sebastien
- Bettuzzi Saverio
- Bhalla Savita
- Bhattacharyya Shalmoli
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- Biagosch Caroline
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- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Billes Viktor
- Bincoletto Claudia
- Bingol Baris
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- Bitoun Marc
- Bjedov Ivana
- Blackstone Craig
- Blanc Lionel
- Blanco Guillermo A.
- Blomhoff Heidi Kiil
- Boada-Romero Emilio
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- Boes Marianne
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- Bolino Alessandra
- Boman Andrea
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- Bosch Jurgen
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- Bou German
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- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jingjing
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- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campbell Grant R.
- Campbell Matthew
- Campello Silvia
- Candau Robin
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- Caraglia Michele
- Cardinali Claudio
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- Cavallini Gabriella
- Ceccherini Isabella
- Cecconi Francesco
- Cederbaum Arthur I.
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- Chen Guang-Chao
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- Chen Jeff W.
- Chen Jian-Kang
- Chen Min
- Chen Mingzhou
- Chen Peiwen
- Chen Qi
- Chen Quan
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- Chen Si
- Chen Steve S-L
- Chen Wei
- Chen Wei-Jung
- Chen Wen Qiang
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Yau-Hung
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yin
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongshun
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Yue-Qin
- Chen Yujie
- Chen Zhen
- Chen Zhong
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K.
- Cheng Hua
- Cheong Heesun
- Cherry Sara
- Chesney Jason
- Cheung Chun Hei Antonio
- Chevet Eric
- Chi Hsiang Cheng
- Chi Sung-Gil
- Chiacchiera Fulvio
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiariello Mario
- Chieppa Marcello
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiong Mario
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- Cho Dong-Hyung
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- Cho Yong-Yeon
- Cho Young-Seok
- Choi Augustine M. K.
- Choi Eui-Ju
- Choi Eun-Kyoung
- Choi Jayoung
- Choi Mary E.
- Choi Seung-Il
- Chou Tsui-Fen
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chow Kuan-Chih
- Chowdhury Kamal
- Chu Charleen T.
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chun Taehoon
- Chung Hyewon
- Chung Taijoon
- Chung Yuen-Li
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Cianfanelli Valentina
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciechomska Iwona A.
- Ciriolo Maria Rosa
- Cirone Mara
- Claerhout Sofie
- Clague Michael J.
- Claria Joan
- Clarke Peter G. H.
- Clarke Robert
- Clementi Emilio
- Cleyrat Cedric
- Cnop Miriam
- Coccia Eliana M.
- Cocco Tiziana
- Codogno Patrice
- Coers Joern
- Cohen Ezra E. W.
- Colecchia David
- Coletto Luisa
- Coll Nuria S.
- Colucci-Guyon Emma
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Cook Katherine L.
- Coombs Graham H.
- Cooper Cynthia D.
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- Corasaniti Maria Tiziana
- Corazzari Marco
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- Cordero Mario D.
- Corral-Ramos Cristina
- Corti Olga
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- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Cottet Sandra
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- Covey Lori R.
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- Coyne Carolyn B.
- Cragg Mark S.
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- Crepaldi Tiziana
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- Crippa Valeria
- Cruz Maria Teresa
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- Czyzyk-Krzeska Maria F.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D'Orazi Gabriella
- Dagda Ruben K.
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- Dai Chunsun
- Dai Wenjie
- Dai Yun
- Dalby Kevin N.
- Dalmasso Guillaume
- Damme Markus
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Dargemont Catherine
- Darley-Usmar Victor M.
- Dasarathy Srinivasan
- Dasgupta Biplab
- Dash Srikanta
- Dass Crispin R.
- Davey Hazel Marie
- Davids Lester M.
- Davila David
- Davis Roger J.
- Dawson Ted M.
- Dawson Valina L.
- Daza Paula
- de Belleroche Jackie
- de Figueiredo Paul
- de la Fuente Jose
- De Martino Luisa
- De Matteis Antonella
- De Meyer Guido
- De Milito Angelo
- De Santi Mauro
- de Souza Wanderley
- De Tata Vincenzo
- De Zio Daniela
- Debnath Jayanta
- Dechant Reinhard
- Decuypere Jean-Paul
- Deegan Shane
- Dehay Benjamin
- Del Bello Barbara
- Del Re Dominic P.
- Delage-Mourroux Regis
- Delbridge Lea M. D.
- Deldicque Louise
- Delorme-Axford Elizabeth
- Deng Yizhen
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- Denizot Melanie
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- Qian Wen-bin
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- Russo Giuseppe
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- Saito Tsunenori
- Saitoh Tatsuya
- Sakakura Koichi
- Sakoh-Nakatogawa Machiko
- Sakuraba Yasuhito
- Salazar-Roa Maria
- Salomoni Paolo
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- Salvaterra Paul M.
- Salvioli Rosa
- Samali Afshin
- Sanchez Anthony M. J.
- Sanchez-Alcazar Jose A.
- Sanchez-Prieto Ricardo
- Sandri Marco
- Sanjuan Miguel A.
- Santaguida Stefano
- Santambrogio Laura
- Santoni Giorgio
- Saran Shweta
- Sardiello Marco
- Sargent Graeme
- Sarkar Pallabi
- Sarkar Sovan
- Sarrias Maria Rosa
- Sarwal Minnie M.
- Sasakawa Chihiro
- Sasaki Motoko
- Sass Miklos
- Sato Ken
- Sato Miyuki
- Satriano Joseph
- Savaraj Niramol
- Saveljeva Svetlana
- Schaefer Liliana
- Schaible Ulrich E.
- Scharl Michael
- Schatzl Hermann M.
- Schekman Randy
- Scheper Wiep
- Schiavi Alfonso
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- Schmeisser Hana
- Schmidt Jens
- Schmitz Ingo
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- Schneider E. Marion
- Schneider Jaime L.
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- Schon Eric A.
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- Schroeder Bernd
- Schuck Sebastian
- Schulze Ryan J.
- Schwarten Melanie
- Schwarz Thomas L.
- Sciarretta Sebastiano
- Scotto Kathleen
- Scovassi A. Ivana
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- Seca Hugo
- Sedej Simon
- Segatori Laura
- Segev Nava
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- Segura-Aguilar Juan
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- Seki Ekihiro
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- Sen Utpal
- Serra Andreas L.
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- Sesaki Hiromi
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- Settembre Carmine
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- Sharma Shweta
- She Hua
- Shen C-K James
- Shen Chiung-Chyi
- Shen Han-Ming
- Shen Sanbing
- Shen Weili
- Sheng Rui
- Sheng Xianyong
- Sheng Zu-Hang
- Shepherd Trevor G.
- Shi Junyan
- Shi Qiang
- Shi Qinghua
- Shi Yuguang
- Shibutani Shusaku
- Shibuya Kenichi
- Shidoji Yoshihiro
- Shieh Jeng-Jer
- Shih Chwen-Ming
- Shimada Yohta
- Shimizu Shigeomi
- Shin Dong Wook
- Shinohara Mari L.
- Shintani Michiko
- Shintani Takahiro
- Shioi Tetsuo
- Shirabe Ken
- Shiri-Sverdlov Ronit
- Shirihai Orian
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- Shu Chih-Wen
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- Sica Valentina
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- Sijwali Puran Singh
- Sikorska Beata
- Silveira Wilian A.
- Silvente-Poirot Sandrine
- Silverman Gary A.
- Silvia Romano Patricia
- Simak Jan
- Simmet Thomas
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- Simon Hans-Uwe
- Simone Cristiano
- Simons Matias
- Simonsen Anne
- Singh Rajat
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- Singh Shrawan K.
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- Sinha Sangita
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- Sirko Agnieszka
- Sirohi Kapil
- Sishi Balindiwe J. N.
- Sittler Annie
- Siu Parco M.
- Sivridis Efthimios
- Skwarska Anna
- Slack Ruth
- Slaninova Iva
- Slavov Nikolai
- Smaili Soraya S.
- Smalley Keiran S. M.
- Smith Duncan R.
- Soenen Stefaan J.
- Soleimanpour Scott A.
- Solhaug Anita
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- Song Ju-Xian
- Song Wei
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- Sood Anil K.
- Soong Tuck Wah
- Soontornniyomkij Virawudh
- Sorice Maurizio
- Sotgia Federica
- Soto-Pantoja David R.
- Sotthibundhu Areechun
- Sousa Maria Joao
- Spaink Herman P.
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- Spang Anne
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- Spector Stephen A.
- Spies Claudia D.
- Springer Wolfdieter
- St Clair Daret
- Stacchiotti Alessandra
- Staels Bart
- Stang Michael T.
- Starczynowski Daniel T.
- Starokadomskyy Petro
- Steegborn Clemens
- Steele John W.
- Stefanis Leonidas
- Steffan Joan
- Stellrecht Christine M.
- Stenmark Harald
- Stepkowski Tomasz M.
- Stern Stephan T.
- Stevens Craig
- Stockwell Brent R.
- Stoka Veronika
- Storchova Zuzana
- Stork Bjoern
- Stratoulias Vassilis
- Stravopodis Dimitrios J.
- Strnad Pavel
- Stroem Anna-Lena
- Strohecker Anne Marie
- Stromhaug Per
- Stulik Jiri
- Su Yu-Xiong
- Su Zhaoliang
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- Subramaniam Srinivasa
- Sue Carolyn M.
- Suh Sang Won
- Sui Xinbing
- Sukseree Supawadee
- Sulzer David
- Sun Fang-Lin
- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Jun
- Sun Shi-Yong
- Sun Yang
- Sun Yi
- Sun Yingjie
- Sundaramoorthy Vinod
- Sung Joseph
- Suzuki Hidekazu
- Suzuki Kuninori
- Suzuki Naoki
- Suzuki Tadashi
- Suzuki Yuichiro J.
- Swaerd Karl
- Swanson Michele S.
- Swanton Charles
- Swarup Ghanshyam
- Sweeney Sean T.
- Sylvester Paul W.
- Szatmari Zsuzsanna
- Szegezdi Eva
- Szlosarek Peter W.
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Taillebourg Emmanuel
- Tait Stephen W. G.
- Takacs-Vellai Krisztina
- Takahashi Yoshinori
- Takats Szabolcs
- Takemura Genzou
- Takigawa Nagio
- Talbot Nicholas J.
- Tamagno Elena
- Tamburini Jerome
- Tan Cai-Ping
- Tan Lan
- Tan Mei Lan
- Tan Ming
- Tan Yee-Joo
- Tanaka Keiji
- Tanaka Masaki
- Tang Daolin
- Tang Dingzhong
- Tang Guomei
- Tanida Isei
- Tanji Kunikazu
- Tannous Bakhos A.
- Tapia Jose A.
- Tasset-Cuevas Inmaculada
- Tatar Marc
- Tavassoly Iman
- Tavernarakis Nektarios
- Taylor Allen
- Taylor Graham S.
- Taylor Gregory A.
- Taylor J. Paul
- Taylor Mark J.
- Tchetina Elena V.
- Tee Andrew R.
- Teixeira-Clerc Fatima
- Telang Sucheta
- Tencomnao Tewin
- Teng Ba-Bie
- Teng Ru-Jeng
- Tenorio de Melo Edesio Jose
- Terro Faraj
- Tettamanti Gianluca
- Theiss Arianne L.
- Theron Anne E.
- Thomas Kelly Jean
- Thome Marcos P.
- Thomes Paul G.
- Thorburn Andrew
- Thorner Jeremy
- Thum Thomas
- Thumm Michael
- Thurston Teresa L. M.
- Tian Ling
- Till Andreas
- Ting Jenny Pan-yun
- Titorenko Vladimir I.
- Toker Lilach
- Toldo Stefano
- Tooze Sharon A.
- Topisirovic Ivan
- Torgersen Maria Lyngaas
- Torosantucci Liliana
- Torriglia Alicia
- Torrisi Maria Rosaria
- Tournier Cathy
- Towns Roberto
- Trajkovic Vladimir
- Travassos Leonardo H.
- Triola Gemma
- Tripathi Durga Nand
- Trisciuoglio Daniela
- Troncoso Rodrigo
- Trougakos Ioannis P.
- Truttmann Anita C.
- Tsai Kuen-Jer
- Tschan Mario P.
- Tseng Yi-Hsin
- Tsukuba Takayuki
- Tsung Allan
- Tsvetkov Andrey S.
- Tu Shuiping
- Tuan Hsing-Yu
- Tucci Marco
- Tumbarello David A.
- Turk Boris
- Turk Vito
- Turner Robin F. B.
- Tveita Anders A.
- Tyagi Suresh C.
- Ubukata Makoto
- Uchiyama Yasuo
- Udelnow Andrej
- Ueno Takashi
- Umekawa Midori
- Umemiya-Shirafuji Rika
- Underwood Benjamin R.
- Ungermann Christian
- Ureshino Rodrigo P.
- Ushioda Ryo
- Uversky Vladimir N.
- Uzcategui Nestor L.
- Vaccari Thomas
- Vaccaro Maria I.
- Vachova Libuse
- Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg Helin
- Valdor Rut
- Valente Enza Maria
- Valle Luisa Dalla
- Vallette Francois
- Valverde Angela M.
- van Campagne Menno Lookeren
- Van den Berghe Greet
- Van Den Bosch Ludo
- van den Brink Gijs R.
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- Van Kaer Luc
- Vandenabeele Peter
- Vandenberghe Wim
- Vanhorebeek Ilse
- Varela-Nieto Isabel
- Vasconcelos M. Helena
- Vasko Radovan
- Vavvas Demetrios G.
- Vega-Naredo Ignacio
- Velasco Guillermo
- Velentzas Athanassios D.
- Velentzas Panagiotis D.
- Vellai Tibor
- Vellenga Edo
- Vendelbo Mikkel Holm
- Venkatachalam Kartik
- Ventura Natascia
- Ventura Salvador
- Veras Patricia S. T.
- Verdier Mireille
- Vertessy Beata G.
- Vescovi Eleonora Garcia
- Viale Andrea
- Vidal Michel
- Vieira Helena L. A.
- Vierstra Richard D.
- Vigneswaran Nadarajah
- Vij Neeraj
- Vila Miquel
- Villar Margarita
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- Villarroya Joan
- Vindis Cecile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Vitale Giovanni
- Vogl Dan T.
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- von Schwarzenberg Karin
- Voth Daniel E.
- Vouret-Craviari Valerie
- Vuori Kristina
- Vyas Jatin M.
- Waeber Christian
- Walker Cheryl Lyn
- Walker Mark J.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Lei
- Wan Xiangbo
- Wang Bo
- Wang Caihong
- Wang Chao-Yung
- Wang Chengshu
- Wang Chenran
- Wang Chuangui
- Wang Dong
- Wang Fen
- Wang Fuxin
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Hai-jie
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Hongmin
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jing
- Wang Junjun
- Wang Mei
- Wang Mei-Qing
- Wang Pei-Yu
- Wang Peng
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Shuo
- Wang Ting-Fang
- Wang Xian
- Wang Xiao-jia
- Wang Xiao-Wei
- Wang Xin
- Wang Xuejun
- Wang Yan
- Wang Yanming
- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Yu
- Wang Yu Tian
- Wang Yuqing
- Wang Zhi-Nong
- Wappner Pablo
- Ward Carl
- Ward Diane Mcvey
- Warnes Gary
- Watada Hirotaka
- Watanabe Yoshihisa
- Watase Kei
- Weaver Timothy E.
- Weekes Colin D.
- Wei Jiwu
- Weide Thomas
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weindl Guenther
- Weis Simone Nardin
- Wen Longping
- Wen Xin
- Wen Yunfei
- Westermann Benedikt
- Weyand Cornelia M.
- White Anthony R.
- White Eileen
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wiels Joelle
- Wild Franziska
- Wildenberg Manon E.
- Wileman Tom
- Wilkinson Deepti Srinivas
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Chris
- Williams Katherine
- Williamson Peter R.
- Winklhofer Konstanze F.
- Witkin Steven S.
- Wohlgemuth Stephanie E.
- Wollert Thomas
- Wolvetang Ernst J.
- Wong Esther
- Wong G. William
- Wong Richard W.
- Wong Vincent Kam Wai
- Woodcock Elizabeth A.
- Wright Karen L.
- Wu Chunlai
- Wu Defeng
- Wu Gen Sheng
- Wu Jian
- Wu Junfang
- Wu Mian
- Wu Min
- Wu Shengzhou
- Wu William K. K.
- Wu Yaohua
- Wu Zhenlong
- Xavier Cristina P. R.
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xia Gui-Xian
- Xia Tian
- Xia Weiliang
- Xia Yong
- Xiao Hengyi
- Xiao Jian
- Xiao Shi
- Xiao Wuhan
- Xie Chuan-Ming
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xilouri Maria
- Xiong Yuyan
- Xu Chuanshan
- Xu Congfeng
- Xu Feng
- Xu Haoxing
- Xu Hongwei
- Xu Jian
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Jinxian
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Xu Yangqing
- Xu Ye
- Xu Zhi-Xiang
- Xu Ziheng
- Xue Yu
- Yamada Takahiro
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamanaka Koji
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashiro Shigeko
- Yan Bing
- Yan Bo
- Yan Xianghua
- Yan Zhen
- Yanagi Yasuo
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Liu
- Yang Minghua
- Yang Pei-Ming
- Yang Peixin
- Yang Qian
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Xuesong
- Yang Yi
- Yang Ying
- Yang Zhifen
- Yang Zhihong
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Pamela J.
- Yao Xiaofeng
- Yao Zhenyu
- Yao Zhiyuan
- Yasui Linda S.
- Ye Mingxiang
- Yedvobnick Barry
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yeh Elizabeth S.
- Yeyati Patricia L.
- Yi Fan
- Yi Long
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yip Calvin K.
- Yoo Yeong-Min
- Yoo Young Hyun
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yoshida Ken-Ichi
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Young Ken H.
- Yu Huixin
- Yu Jane J.
- Yu Jin-Tai
- Yu Jun
- Yu Li
- Yu W. Haung
- Yu Xiao-Fang
- Yu Zhengping
- Yuan Junying
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Beatrice Y. J. T.
- Yue Jianbo
- Yue Zhenyu
- Zacks David N.
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zaglia Tania
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zecchini Vincent
- Zeng Jinsheng
- Zeng Min
- Zeng Qi
- Zervos Antonis S.
- Zhang Donna D.
- Zhang Fan
- Zhang Guo
- Zhang Guo-Chang
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hongbing
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Jiangwei
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-pu
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xiangnan
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yang
- Zhang Yanjin
- Zhang Yingmei
- Zhang Yunjiao
- Zhao Mei
- Zhao Wei-Li
- Zhao Xiaonan
- Zhao Yan G.
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Yongchao
- Zhao Yu-Xia
- Zhao Zhendong
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Dexian
- Zheng Xi-Long
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Guang-Zhou
- Zhou Guofei
- Zhou Huiping
- Zhou Shu-Feng
- Zhou Xu-Jie
- Zhu Hongxin
- Zhu Hua
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Wenhua
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Yuhua
- Zhuang Shi-Mei
- Zhuang Xiaohong
- Ziparo Elio
- Zois Christos E.
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zughaier Susu M.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study