Biologically Active Complex with High Antioxidant Properties Based on Macrophytes of the Azov-Black Sea Basin

The article presents the results of studying the chemical composition of commercial macrophytesfrom Azov-Black Sea basin – brown algae Cystoseiraspp.andSea grass of the family Zosteraceae. It is shown that the objects selected for the study are sources of alginic acid, fucoidan, pectins, water and fat soluble vitamins, macro-and microelements. A high content of iodine and selenium is also noted. The data are given on physico-chemical characteristics of the selected Zosterin (methoxyl component, acetyl group, complexing and jelly-forming ability), the feasibility of expanding its use in the production of food products of functional purpose is substantiated. The technological applicability of dark-colored grape varieties as a raw source of compounds with antioxidant properties has been experimentally proved. Chemical composition of developed biologically active complexes of ANTIOXI VITA and ZOSTERA VITAis shown. Their suitability for inclusion in the diet of modern human as a means of high antioxidant and detoxifying propertiesis substantiated

Impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling on regional climate: the Iberian Peninsula case

Regional models used for downscaling the European climate usually include a relatively small area of the Atlantic Ocean and are uncoupled, with the SST used as lower boundary conditions much coarser than the mesh of the regional atmospheric model. Concerns thus arise about the proper representation of the oceanic influence and the role of air-sea coupling in such experiments. A complex orography and the exposure to different air and ocean masses make the Iberian Peninsula (IP) an ideal test case for exploring the impact of including explicitly the North Atlantic in the regional domain and the added value that coupling brings to regional climate modeling. To this end, the regionally-coupled model ROM and its atmospheric component, the regional atmospheric model REMO are used in a set of coupled and uncoupled experiments forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and by the global climate model MPI-ESM. The atmospheric domain is the same in all simulations and includes the North Atlantic and the ocean component is global and eddy permitting. Results show that the impact of air-sea coupling on the IP winter biases can be traced back to the features of the simulated North Atlantic Ocean circulation. In summer, it is the air-sea interactions in the Mediterranean that exert the largest influence on the regional biases. Despite improvements introduced by the eddy-permitting ocean, it is suggested that a higher resolution could be needed for a correct simulation of the features of the large-scale atmospheric circulation that impact the climate of the IP

Regionally Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Marine Biogeochemistry Model ROM: 2. Studying the Climate Change Signal in the North Atlantic and Europe

Climate simulations for the North Atlantic and Europe for recent and future conditions simulated with the regionally coupled ROM model are analyzed and compared to the results from the MPI-ESM. The ROM simulations also include a biogeochemistry and ocean tides. For recent climate conditions, ROM generally improves the simulations compared to the driving model MPI-ESM. Reduced oceanic biases in the Northern Atlantic are found, as well as a better simulation of the atmospheric circulation, notably storm tracks and blocking. Regarding future climate projections for the 21st century following the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, MPI-ESM and ROM largely agree qualitatively on the climate change signal over Europe. However, many important differences are identified. For example, ROM shows an SST cooling in the Subpolar Gyre, which is not present in MPI-ESM. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, ROM Arctic sea ice cover is thinner and reaches the seasonally ice-free state by 2055, well before MPI-ESM. This shows the decisive importance of higher ocean resolution and regional coupling for determining the regional responses to global warming trends. Regarding biogeochemistry, both ROM and MPI-ESM simulate a widespread decline in winter nutrient concentration in the North Atlantic of up to similar to 35%. On the other hand, the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Arctic and in the North-Western Atlantic starts earlier, and the yearly primary production is enhanced in the Arctic in the late 21st century. These results clearly demonstrate the added value of ROM to determine more detailed and more reliable climate projections at the regional scale. Plain Language Summary We downscale present climate and future climate change projections for the North Atlantic and Europe using a regionally coupled Earth System Model including atmosphere, ocean, river runoff, and ocean biogeochemistry components. This approach allows us to attain higher spatial resolution and to a more accurate representation of key physical processes, yielding a better simulation of present climate at regional and local scales when compared to the driving global climate model. Future climate change projections show more detail at regional and local scale, mostly related to the improvement in the representation of orography and bathymetry. These improvements along with a better representation of the interactive ocean-atmosphere coupling lead to other remarkable differences with the driving global climate model: (1) colder Sea Surface Temperature in the Subpolar Gyre region, indicating a local convection collapse and a Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown; (2) a seasonal free-ice Arctic is reached by 2055 under RCP8.5 scenario, well before projected by the driving global climate model; and (3) stronger reduction in nutrients in the North Atlantic by the end of the 21st century. These results clearly demonstrate the added value of the regionally coupled model system to determine more reliable climate projections at the regional scale

Dynamical downscaling of historical climate over CORDEX Central America domain with a regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model

The climate in Mexico and Central America is influenced by the Pacific and the Atlantic oceanic basins and atmospheric conditions over continental North and South America. These factors and important ocean–atmosphere coupled processes make the region’s climate a great challenge for global and regional climate modeling. We explore the benefits that coupled regional climate models may introduce in the representation of the regional climate with a set of coupled and uncoupled simulations forced by reanalysis and global model data. Uncoupled simulations tend to stay close to the large-scale patterns of the driving fields, particularly over the ocean, while over land they are modified by the regional atmospheric model physics and the improved orography representation. The regional coupled model adds to the reanalysis forcing the air–sea interaction, which is also better resolved than in the global model. Simulated fields are modified over the ocean, improving the representation of the key regional structures such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Caribbean Low Level Jet. Higher resolution leads to improvements over land and in regions of intense air–sea interaction, e.g., off the coast of California. The coupled downscaling improves the representation of the Mid Summer Drought and the meridional rainfall distribution in southernmost Central America. Over the regions of humid climate, the coupling corrects the wet bias of the uncoupled runs and alleviates the dry bias of the driving model, yielding a rainfall seasonal cycle similar to that in the reanalysis-driven experiments.Universidad de Costa Rca/[805-B7-507]/UCR/Costa RicaCRYOPERU/[144-2015]//PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Identification of carotenoid pigments of pumpkin grown in the South of Russia

The article presents the results of studies of changes in the vitamin composition of pumpkin, grown in the Kuban region. Standard and modern methods of physical and chemical analysis were used in the research. It is shown that the nutritional value of this raw material allows to maintain its nutritional value for a long time. Differential determination of carotenoid pigments contained in pumpkin fruits was carried out. The quantitative characteristics of carotenoids were established and the predominant carotenoid pigments for the studied pumpkin varieties were specified

The use of dietary supplements to reduce absorption of fat in the body

Based on the analysis of literature sources, components of food biologically active additives with preventive properties are established. With applying HyperChem (computational chemistry), we study the basic molecular features of lecithin, oleic acid and L-carnitine. Revealed that lecithin has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, it is capable of forming stable emulsions and soluble on the surface section of phases. Molecule of L-carnitine has a low potential energy (48487.1 kcal / mol) and can participate in subsequent cycles of conversion of fatty acids. Formation of complexes between L-carnitine and oleic acid was investigated with the application of computational chemistry (molecular docking), the findings confirmed the possibility of formation of complex compounds, which testifies to the lipotropic effects of L-carnitine. The molecular interaction between human pancreatic lipase (receptor) and lecithin (ligand) analyzed. Based on the conducted researches, confirmed the possibility of blocking the active site of the lipase of pancreatic juice with two molecules of lecithin, this forms a stable compound with the energy of intermolecular bonds is equal to - 412.36 kkal. The expediency of using l-carnitine and lecithin for activators of the metabolism and lipolysis. Revealed that these drugs affect the absorption of fat in the intestine and prevent tumor fat. On the experimental samples (homogenized fat in water) and experimental animals used prophylactic properties of biologically active additives proven. After two hours of processing of lipid samples with pancreatic lipase and the addition of lecithin acid value of the mixture was equal to 11.91 compared with a control sample in which this indicator was equal to 77.87 mg KOH / g oil. Studies in experimental animals show, that lecithin and L-carnitine reduce obesity in experimental animals and normalize lipid, mineral, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, even in the body with increased weight