Assessing the Influence of Reversed Items and Force-Choice on the Work and Meaning Inventory [Evaluación de la influencia de los ítems invertidos y de elección forzosa en el Inventario de trabajo significativo]

AbstractResponse biases are issues in inventories in positive organizational psychology. The study aims to control the response bias in the assessment of meaning of work through two methods: reversed key items and forced-choice format. The sample consisted of 351 professionals; women constituted 60.0 % of the sample. The participants answered two versions of the instrument for meaning of work: Likert-type items and forced-choice. For both versions, the unifactorial model was the most appropriate for the data available. The results indicate that the random intercepts model fit the Likert data (CFI = .92), as well as the forced-choice model (CFI = .97). Besides, the latent dimension of the forced-choice version did not correlate with acquiescence index (r < .08; p > .05), and approximately 20 % of the variance of the items might be due to the method (Likert or forced-choice). The present study illustrates the importance of response bias control in self-report instruments. ResumenLos sesgos de respuesta son problemas en los inventarios de la psicología organizacional positiva. El estudio tiene como objetivo controlar el sesgo de respuesta en la eva­luación del trabajo significativo a través de dos métodos: ítems clave invertidos y formato de elección forzosa. La muestra estuvo formada por 351 profesionales; las muje­res constituyeron el 60.0 % de la muestra. Los participan­tes respondieron dos versiones del instrumento de signifi­cado del trabajo: ítems tipo Likert y elección forzosa. Para ambas versiones, el modelo unifactorial fue el más apro­piado para los datos disponibles. Los resultados indican que el modelo de intersecciones aleatorias se ajusta a los datos Likert (CFI = .92), así como al modelo de elección forzada (CFI = .97). Además, la dimensión latente de la versión de elección forzada no se correlacionó con el ín­dice de aquiescencia (r < .08; p > .05), y aproximada­mente el 20 % de la varianza de los ítems podría deberse al método (Likert o forzado). elección). El presente estu­dio ilustra la importancia del control del sesgo de res­puesta en los instrumentos de autoinforme

Quanto Tempo o Tempo Tem? um estudo sobre o(s) tempo(s) de gestores do varejo em Belo Horizonte (MG)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar a vivência do tempo na gerência à luz das cinco categorias apresentadas por Bluedorn e Jaussi (2007), a saber: policronia, velocidade, pontualidade, profundidade temporal e arrastamento. Os temas centrais foram apresentados e discutidos no referencial teórico e uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e essencialmente qualitativa, foi realizada, utilizando-se, de forma prioritária, de entrevistas para coletar dados com 20 gestores de lojas similares do comércio varejista, situadas em shopping centers e em ruas de Belo Horizonte (MG). Os dados foram analisados à luz da técnica de análise de discurso. Percebeu-se que a maioria dos gestores adota comportamentos policrônicos e acelerados. Eles têm uma preocupação marcante com o cumprimento das metas, denotando elevado senso de pontualidade. Não se observou uma preferência distinta dos entrevistados em termos de profundidade temporal. A partir da análise dos três processos de arrastamento delineados pelos autores - sincronia, liderança, condução -, foi possível observar uma nítida relação entre tempo e poder, denotando a face ambígua, contraditória e fragmentada da gerência. Diante das limitações deste estudo, foram dadas sugestões para investigações futuras visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre os temas na realidade brasileira

Impact of ultra-processed foods on dietary micronutrient content in patients with cardiovascular disease / Impacto de alimentos ultraprocessados sobre o teor de micronutrientes da dieta de pacientes com doença cardiovascular

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global public health problem. Dietary patterns can modulate different aspects of the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular risk factors. The analysis of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has been an important indicator of diet quality.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate food intake according to levels of processing and investigate the association between UPF consumption and dietary inadequacy in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: Cross-sectional study with 276 patients in tertiary prevention of CVDs. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory evaluations were performed. Food intake was evaluated in relation to macronutrients and micronutrients, and the consumed food items classified according to NOVA. The Kruskal-Wallis tests were used and p<0.05 level of significance adopted. Analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.Results: The mean age of participants was 64.8 (± 8.9), mostly males (61.2%). UPF intake represented only 16.6% of the daily caloric intake. Participants showed low consumption of all micronutrients evaluated, mainly Potassium with 100%, Vitamin E with 98.9% and Magnesium with 96% of inadequacy. Patients in the highest tertile of ultraprocessed consumption had higher carbohydrates (P = 0.040) and saturated fatty acids (P = 0.043) intake, and lower intake of Potassium (P = 0.017), Vitamin B2 (P = 0.036), Vitamin C (P = 0.027), Magnesium (P = 0.001), Zinc (P = 0.001) and Selenium (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Coronary artery disease patients have low intake of UPF, however a high inadequacy in the dietary lipid profile and a low micronutrient intake

Differences between root and stem wood in seedlings and sprouts of Sessea brasiliensis (Solanaceae)

Analisamos diferenças anatômicas da madeira no sentido axial em árvores jovens de Sessea brasiliensis provenientes de sementes e de brotação após corte raso. Hipotetizamos que 1) a variação anatômica quantitativa na direção axial indicaria ajustes na condutividade hidraúlica e resistência mecânica ao longo da altura da árvore e 2) há diferenças anatômicas significativas entre as árvores provenientes de sementes, quando comparadas àquelas provenientes de brotação após corte raso. Vasos mais estreitos ocorreram na zona de transição nas amostras provenientes de sementes, e nas raízes e base do tronco nas provenientes de brotação; comparando as duas origens, vasos mais estreitos ocorreram na zona de transição das plantas originadas por sementes. Fibras com menores diâmetros ocorreram no topo do tronco e ramo nas amostras provenientes de sementes e rebrota, respectivamente. Raios mais altos ocorreram no topo do tronco e ramo. Os resultados confirmaram nossas hipóteses, com variação axial em vasos, fibras e raios e diferenças anatômicas entre as plantas originadas por sementes e rebrota.Young Sessea brasiliensis trees derived from seeds and sprouts after coppicing were analyzed for differences in axial variation of anatomical features. It was hypothesized that 1) quantitative variation in anatomical features in the axial direction would indicate adjustments in water conductivity and mechanical strength along tree height and 2) significant quantitative differences in anatomical features would be observed between trees originating from seed compared to those derived from sprouts after coppicing. Results showed that wood originating from sprouts after coppicing developed differently from wood originating from seeds. Specifically, for seed provenance samples, narrower vessels were observed in the transition zone, whereas for sprouting provenance, narrower vessels were seen in roots and trunk base. Also, when comparing axial variation between seeds and sprouts, vessel diameter was smaller in plants of seed origin in the transition zone, whereas fiber diameter was smaller in trunk top and branch in plants of seed and sprouting provenances, respectively. Higher rays were observed in branch and trunk top when comparing different axial position in both origins. Thus, the first hypothesis is confirmed by significant axial variation in vessels, fibers and rays, and the second hypothesis is confirmed by the significant differences observed between trees of seed and sprout origins

Oral paracoccidioidomycosis:a retrospective study of 95 cases from a single center and literature review

The ecoepidemiological panorama of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is dynamic and still ongoing in Brazil. In particular, data about the oral lesions of PCM are barely explored. The aim of this study was to report the clinicopathological features of individuals diagnosed with oral PCM lesions at an oral and maxillofacial pathology service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the light of a literature review. A retrospective study was conducted on oral biopsies obtained from 1958 to 2021. Additionally, electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, and Brazilian Library of Dentistry to gather information from large case series of oral PCM. Ninety-five cases of oral PCM were surveyed. The manifestations were more frequent among males (n=86/90.5%), middle-aged/older adults (n=54/58.7%), and white individuals (n=40/51.9%). The most commonly affected sites were the gingiva/alveolar ridge (n=40/23.4%) and lip/labial commissure (n=33/19.3%); however, one (n=40/42.1%) or multiple sites (n=55/57.9%) could also be affected. In 90 (94.7%) patients, ?mulberry-like? ulcerations/moriform appearance were observed. Data from 21 studies (1,333 cases), mostly Brazilian (90.5%), revealed that men (92.4%; male/female: 11.8:1) and individuals in the fifth and sixth decades of life were the most affected (range: 7-89 years), with the gingiva/alveolar ridge, palate, and lips/labial commissure being the sites most frequently affected. The features of oral PCM lesions are similar to those reported in previous studies from Latin America. Clinicians should be aware of the oral manifestations of PCM, with emphasis on the clinicodemographic aspects and differential diagnoses, especially considering the phenomenon of the emergence of reported cases in rural and/or urban areas of Brazil

ALTERAÇÕES GASTROINTESTINAIS E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO

Introdução: A quimioterapia é utilizada para controlar, reduzir ou eliminar tumores cancerígenos. Porém, os fármacos utilizadosdurante este tratamento podem causar alterações gastrointestinais que podem comprometer o estado nutricional dosindivíduos. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação das alterações gastrointestinais com o estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicosem tratamento quimioterápico. Método: O estudo foi do tipo transversal analítico, com coleta de dados secundária de prontuáriosde pacientes internados em um Hospital de Oncologia. A amostragem foi do tipo não probabilística. As variáveis analisadasforam: sexo, faixa etária, estado civil, procedência, localização tumoral e grau das alterações gastrointestinais. Estes dadosforam analisados a partir das fichas de Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente. Resultados: Dos 86 prontuáriosanalisados, a maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se desnutrida (51,2%) e destes 66,0% eram do sexo feminino, 59,0% adultos,54,6% sem companheiro e 52,3% procedentes de São Luís e/ou Região metropolitana. O sítio tumoral mais prevalente foi odigestivo (31,4%) e as alterações gastrointestinais predominantes foram diarreia e dor (40,7%), principalmente nos pacientesdesnutridos (66,0%). Conclusão: Houve correlação moderada e positiva entre as alterações gastrointestinais e o estado nutricionaldos pacientes. Sugerindo que quanto maior for a gravidade destas alterações, maiores serão os prejuízos no estado nutricionaldos mesmos.Palavras-chave: Câncer. Tratamento Farmacológico. Sinais e Sintomas Digestórios. Estado Nutricional

A formulação de uma plataforma eletrônica para a saúde: inovação a partir de uma encomenda tecnológica

Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação de uma plataforma eletrônica para a saúde, derivada de uma encomenda tecnológica, considerando os fatores que influenciaram a trajetória dessa formulação e o formato com o qual ela foi implementada. A análise documental, bibliográfica e a realização das entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chave foram trabalhadas na perspectiva metodológica de um estudo de caso com uso do process tracing e de recursos da teoria da mudança institucional gradual. Destacam-se como resultados a identificação dos principais fatores relacionados à atuação da Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família na área de ciência, tecnologia e inovação e à realização da encomenda tecnológica. Bem como os fatores relacionados à formulação de cada uma das três inovações que caracterizam a experiência em análise: o Registro Eletrônico de Saúde, a plataforma que serviu de base para o ecossistema de inovação e o modelo jurídico-administrativo da organização criada para implementar e desenvolver as soluções necessárias

Cooperation between Apoptotic and Viable Metacyclics Enhances the Pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis

Mimicking mammalian apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) is a strategy used by virus and parasitic protozoa to escape host protective inflammatory responses. With Leishmania amazonensis (La), apoptotic mimicry is a prerogative of the intramacrophagic amastigote form of the parasite and is modulated by the host. Now we show that differently from what happens with amastigotes, promastigotes exposing PS are non-viable, non-infective cells, undergoing apoptotic death. As part of the normal metacyclogenic process occurring in axenic cultures and in the gut of sand fly vectors, a sub-population of metacyclic promastigotes exposes PS. Apoptotic death of the purified PS-positive (PSPOS) sub-population was confirmed by TUNEL staining and DNA laddering. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological alterations in PSPOS metacyclics such as DNA condensation, cytoplasm degradation and mitochondrion and kinetoplast destruction, both in in vitro cultures and in sand fly guts. TUNELPOS promastigotes were detected only in the anterior midgut to foregut boundary of infected sand flies. Interestingly, caspase inhibitors modulated parasite death and PS exposure, when added to parasite cultures in a specific time window. Efficient in vitro macrophage infections and in vivo lesions only occur when PSPOS and PS-negative (PSNEG) parasites were simultaneously added to the cell culture or inoculated in the mammalian host. The viable PSNEG promastigote was the infective form, as shown by following the fate of fluorescently labeled parasites, while the PSPOS apoptotic sub-population inhibited host macrophage inflammatory response. PS exposure and macrophage inhibition by a subpopulation of promastigotes is a different mechanism than the one previously described with amastigotes, where the entire population exposes PS. Both mechanisms co-exist and play a role in the transmission and development of the disease in case of infection by La. Since both processes confer selective advantages to the infective microorganism they justify the occurrence of apoptotic features in a unicellular pathogen

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types