Deterioration of anterior resin composite restorations in moderate to severe tooth wear patients: 3-year results

OBJECTIVES: Deterioration in anterior resin composite restorations placed in tooth wear patients was investigated after 36 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data collected prospectively for 47 participants of the Radboud Tooth Wear Project were used (41 ± 8 years, 90% male, n = 270 restorations). Restorations were individually evaluated using intraoral photographs and 3D scans to rate modified FDI scores and to record the presence of degradation features. Four groups with distinct combinations of composites and techniques were assessed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For all groups together, early degradation signs were present at 1 month: irregularities (41.5%) and ditching (7.4%) were observed at the surface and adhesive interfaces. The frequency of irregularities decreased in the 36-month evaluation (37%), but ditching (12.2%) and fractures (10.7%) were more common. The most frequent deterioration (based on photographs) was observed for staining (44%) and loss of luster (31%). In 3D scans, the most frequent were for wear (25%), marginal adaptation (24%), and the presence of irregularities (19%). Canines had 5.5 times more chances of deterioration by ditching than incisors (p < 0.001). The differences between composites and restorative techniques were minor. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous degradation process of restorations placed in tooth wear patients was observed in anterior teeth restored with different composites, with a progression of the deterioration over 36 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When placing anterior resin composite restorations in tooth wear patients, it could be important to establish realistic expectations and the need for checkup appointments

Laboratory methods to simulate the mechanical degradation of resin composite restorations

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Efeitos da relação metionina + cistina: lisina sobre os desempenhos produtivo e econômico e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos antes e após 28 dias de armazenamento Effects of methionine + cystine: lysine ratio on the productive and economic performance and internal and external egg quality, before and 28 days after storage

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes relações metionina + cistina (Met+Cis):lisina (Lis) total sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos para poedeiras semipesadas. Foram utilizadas 120 aves da linhagem Lohmann Brown com 44 semanas de idade, alimentadas com rações isonutritivas (17% PB, 2.774 kcal EMAn, 4,28% de Ca e 0,375% Pd) e distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições e quatro tratamentos, constituídos da seguinte forma: T1 = relação 0,76 ou 0,70% de Met+Cis e 0,92% de Lis total; T2 = relação 0,83 ou 0,71% de Met+Cis e 0,85% de Lis total; T3 = relação 0,85 ou 0,64% Met+Cis e 0,75% de Lis total; T4 = relação 0,86 ou 0,70% de Met+Cis e 0,81% de Lis total. As variáveis de desempenho e o resultado da análise econômica foram estudadas no período de 44 a 56 semanas de idade das poedeiras. Ao término do experimento, dez ovos por tratamento foram coletados e armazenados por 28 dias para avaliação da qualidade interna e externa dos ovos antes e após a armazenagem. À exceção da massa de ovos, os tratamentos não afetaram o consumo de ração, a produção, o peso, a conversão por massa e por dúzia de ovos e a gravidade específica da casca. A relação Met+Cis: Lis de 0,76 ou a estimativa de 0,70% de Met+Cis total e 0,92% de Lis total podem ser recomendadas para alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas. Concluiu-se que o armazenamento afeta a qualidade interna dos ovos.<br>The effect of different methionine + cystine (Met+Cis):total lysine (Lis) ratios on performance and egg quality for semi-heavily laying hens was evaluated. One hundred and twenty Lohmann Brown hens with 44 weeks old were allotted to a completely randomized design with with five replicates and four treatments, as follows: T1= 0.76 Met+Cys:total Lys ratio or 0.70% of Met+Cys and 0.92% of total Lys; T2 = 0.83 Met+Cys: total Lis ratio or 0.71% of Met+Cys and 0.85% of total Lys; T3 = 0.85 Met+Cys: total Lys ratio or 0.64% of Met+Cys and 0.75% of total Lys; T4 = 0.86 Met+Cys: total Lys ratio or 0.70% of Met+Cys and 0.81% of total Lys. The performance variables and economical analysis were evaluated from 44 to 56 weeks old. At the end of trial, ten eggs per treatment were collected ad stored during 28 days for evaluation of internal/external egg quality before and after storage. With the exception of egg mass, no treatment effect on feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg:mass ratio and egg:dozen ratio and egg shell specific quality was observed. The Met+Cys:Lys ratio of 0.76 or the estimate of 0.70% of total Met+Cys and 0.92% of total Lys can be recommended for the feeding of semiheavily laying hens. It was concluded that the storage affect internal egg quality

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability1. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals2, 3, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk4. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS)5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility11. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis