Developmental plasticity of muscle cellularity and swim performance of juvenile Chinook salmon in response to temperature

I investigated the influence of incubation temperature on muscle development and swim performance in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In 2011 and 2012, embryos were incubated at different combinations of temperature (7, 9, 15 °C), before and after the onset of free swimming. High-intensity fixed velocity swim tests were performed to assess anaerobic capacity of juveniles. In 2012, these tests were done at a standardized body size (~40 mm). The mean (least-squares) logged times to fatigue of the 15 °C-incubated fish was higher (0.623 ± 0.049 SE) than the 7 °C-incubated fish (0.435 ± 0.048 SE) even after acclimation at a common temperature (9 °C). This indicates a carry-over effect of incubation temperature on swim performance. However, cross-sectional fibre area and number did not correlate with individual swim performance. My study shows the importance of controlling for body size in studies linking muscle cellularity to swim performance

EFFECT OF VIBRATION APPLICATION INTO DYNAMIC LEG PRESS EXERCISE WITH EXTRA LOAD: MULTI-BODY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have emphasized the importance of resistive exercise in maintaining a healthy human body, particularly in prevention of weakening of physical strength (Kostka, 2002). Recently, some of studies advocated that an application of vibration as a supplementary means in regular training was effective in encouraging physical strength (Annino et al., 2007). Aim of the current study was, therefore, to identify if an application of vibration in a resistive exercise is effective in encouraging physical strength as that in a regular training

Prediction of the trabecular architecture and its potential variation (remodeling) on the glenoid of the glenohumeral (GH) joint

There is little information on bone remodeling and morphology as it relates to the shoulder and that which is available pertains primarily to healthy bone. This study attempted to predict the variation in trabecular architectural remodeling with alterations in the loading conditions acting on the glenoid. This study assumes the validity of Wolff’s Law.Three different protocols were used. Protocol 1 investigated the material and morphological characteristics of the glenoid by analyzing eleven computerized tomography datasets and digitized trabecular bone images obtained from twelve cadaver scapula specimens. Protocol 2 used a FEA to compute the principal stress trajectories acting within the glenoid. The principal stresses were derived for five loading conditions, which represent typical functional shoulder activities. The effect of each functional shoulder activity on the formation of the trabecular architecture was then explained by comparing the principal stress trajectories of each activity and the actual trabecular architecture (morphology) obtained from the cadaver specimens. Protocol 3 presented an equation that can predict the trabecular architecture and its potential remodeling, which is determined by comparing the predicted structural changes in the standard trabecular patterns determined for the most common loading condition using the proposed equation. The trabecular architecture is determined from the combination of the cumulative loading time and the loadings that correspond to the shoulder activities. The equation describes these factors after considering the incidence, computed principal stress trajectories, and magnitude of the principal stresses of each activity. The trabecular structure predicted from the equation agreed well with that determined from the cadaver specimens (average deviation angle: 10.5º). The computed trabecular pattern variation under various loading conditions suggests that there is a non-linear relationship between trabecular architecture remodeling and the incidence of a particular shoulder activity.The innovation of the study is that it suggests a new approach for investigating trabecular structure and its remodeling using a combination of trabecular bone images and FEA. The methods developed here may be applicable to a variety of pathological conditions and related orthopedic implants and therapies.Ph.D., Biomedical Engineering -- Drexel University, 200

딥러닝기반의 선박 회전기기 상태 모니터링 시계열 분석 시스템

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Evaluation of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Design Considered Motion Characteristics of Ankle Joint for Responding to Sudden Tilting Perturbation

Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) has been introduced as one of treatment methods for the arthritis of the ankle joint. Traditional TAAs have been generally designed considering the anatomical geometry and motion characteristics of the ankle joint for responding to general activities of daily living (ADLs). However, traditional TAA designs do not well consider the anatomical geometry and motion characteristics for responding to a sudden perturbation although the ankle joint contributes partially to human balance to prevent falling induced by a sudden perturbation. The aims of the current study were therefore to identify the anatomical geometry and motion characteristics of the ankle joint during sudden tilting perturbations, to reflect the motion characteristics in the design of TAA, and to evaluate the design. Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval (IRB No SJU-2015-002), seven healthy participants with no sign of musculoskeletal pathology (gender: 7male, 25.5±1.7 years, height: 173.9±6.4 cm, weight: 71.3±6.5 kg) were tested to identify the motion characteristics of the ankle joint during sudden tilting perturbations. Eight sudden tilting perturbations were then implemented by the tilting perturbation simulator developed by our research group. The motion characteristics were measured by using a three-dimensional motion capture system with eight infrared cameras (T-10 s, VICON Motion System Ltd., UK). The motion characteristics, particular in the range of motion (ROM) and motion trajectory, were reflected in the design of TAA. The evaluation of the design of TAA was conducted using finite element (FE) analysis in accordance with the international testing standard ASTM F2665, F1223 and F1814. Results: Dorsi/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction were ranged from 11.2±1.5° to -9.3±3.5°, 7.0±4.0° to - 7.8±4.9°, and 0.7±0.2° to -1.0±0.2°, respectively, for the sudden tilting perturbations. Dorsi/plantar flexion of TAA designed newly were 1.5 times larger than that measured from the experiment above, with no interference. Inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation of TAA designed newly were favorably compared to those measured from the experiment above. The motion trajectories were different a little compared to those measured from the experiment above. Maximum von mises stresses predicted from FE analysis with the international test conditions were not exceed a yielding strength of the material used for TAA designed newly and no dislocations among the TAA components were identified. Conclusion: The results indicated that a realization of the natural ankle joint motion trajectory should be improved although TAA design suggested in the current study might well present ROMs for responding to sudden tilting perturbations and have a proper structural stability corresponded to the standard criterion recommended from the international testing standard. The TAA design will be, therefore, modified more considering advanced anatomical and biomechanical parameters, particular in the characteristics of the ankle joint motion trajectory, in our ongoing study. The current study may be, however, valuable to suggesting new TAA design for responding to a sudden perturbation to prevent falling

Coexisting Kienböck's and Preiser's Disease of the Wrist: Experience with Proximal Row Carpectomy with Dorsal Capsular Interposition Technique

Background Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the lunate is known as Kienböck's disease and that of the scaphoid is known as Preiser's disease. Because the prevalence of coexisting Kienböck's and Preiser's diseases is very low, standardized stages of disease and treatments are not established. Case Presentation We report coexisting avascular necrosis of the scaphoid and lunate in a 68‐year‐old woman with no history of steroids or other risk factors. We treated her with proximal row carpectomy with capsular interposition technique. A distal‐based dorsal capsular flap was prepared and repaired the palmar capsule. At the last follow‐up, she had no pain and had gained improved range of wrist motion. There was no arthritic change at the newly formed radiocapitate joint. Conclusions In the case of collapsed lunate and scaphoid with avascular necrosis, the proximal row carpectomy procedure has an advantage. Proximal row carpectomy with dorsal capsular interposition can be performed when the lunate or scaphoid cannot be saved. Arthritic changes of the capitate head and distal radius lunate facet can be covered with the dorsal capsule