Cotton Fiber and Carbon Materials Filters for Efficient Wastewater Purification

Carbon materials and cotton fibers (CFs) are eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions for water purification. However, enhancing the filtration efficiency of these materials remains challenging. In this study, the capacity of heat-treated sorbents (CFs and low-temperature graphite intercalation compounds (LT-GICs)) to improve the efficiency of wastewater purification from heavy metals and petroleum compounds, was investigated. The properties of the thermally modified CFs were studied in order to obtain a material which is highly efficient in purifying wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMIs). The duration of sorption equilibrium and the optimal ratio of heat-treated cotton fibers (HTCFs) and wastewater were determined. The adsorption capacities of CFs for iodine and methylene blue were determined before and after the heat treatment. Experimental results indicated that thermal treatment of CFs resulted in increased numbers of micropores and mesopores, indicating a high sorption capacity for petroleum products (PPs) in wastewater (A = 11.5 g/g) with an efficiency score of 90%. Furthermore, LT-GIC/CF composite filters were optimized for efficient purification. The results indicated that a filter with a composition of 1 g LT-GIC + 3 g CF had the highest sorption capacity for HMIs (28.7 mg/g) and PPs (80.6%) due to its looser surface structure. The X-ray phase analysis of the sintered composite filters showed the presence of carbon in the amorphous phase, which had a similar structure to the activated carbon from black coal. In summary, the high sorption capacities and simple preparation processes of LT-GIC/CF composites make them potential candidates for wastewater purification

Improvement of the innovation management system in the manufacturing industry

Sustainable long-term development of the energy sector is impossible without a developed manufacturing industry and especially machine-building enterprises. The article identifies the factors that have the greatest impact on the development of innovation in the manufacturing industry. A multi-factor regression model is constructed to determine the degree of influence of various socio-economic factors on the level of innovation development in manufacturing industries. An organizational and economic mechanism aimed at enhancing innovation in the manufacturing industry and increasing the competitiveness of the products of enterprises in this sector is proposed

Approaches to assessing the level of innovation development in manufacturing industries

Sustainable long-term development of the energy sector is impossible without a developed manufacturing industry and especially machine-building enterprises. The article offers a method for assessing the level of innovation development in the manufacturing industry and identifies the factors that have the greatest impact on the development of the process of creating and implementing innovations in this sector. A multi-factor regression model is constructed to determine the degree of influence of various socioeconomic factors on the level of development of innovative activity in manufacturing industries, as well as to develop proposals and recommendations for its activation

Development of High-Tech Industries: Foreign Experience

Sustainable long-term development of the energy sector is impossible without a developed manufacturing industry and especially machine-building enterprises. The article considers the experience of developed and developing countries in the field of support and stimulation of innovative processes in industrial enterprises. It is concluded that one of the main roles in the activation of innovation processes in industry is played by state authorities and management

Modelling a solid fuel unit for soil warming up before its exploitation

This work continues the previous studies on energy-efficient technologies and devices for thawing frozen soils during repair and construction works. It proceeds with the multi-year research on development of efficient devices for emergency repairs. The possibility of using a solid fuel back-draft furnace for accelerated heating of various types of soils is considered. Analysis of the existing devices is presented, the performance criteria are determined, computer modelling of the developed unit and heat and mass transfer processes for the most common types of soils are carried out

Physico-chemical studies of sorption materials based on biomass waste

This article discusses the possibility of using cheap raw materials for the treatment of wastewater from heavy metal ions using residual biomass and agricultural waste (sunflower husk, millet, buckwheat). Residual biomass is formed after the extraction of valuable components from microalgae and duckweed. The authors proposed to modify the sorption material using heat treatment and the introduction of additives, such as chitosan and thermally expanded graphite. Chitosan allows you to get sorption materials in the form of granules, which are convenient to use. The physicochemical properties of sorbents were studied. The sorption capacity for the obtained materials was from 5.0 to 32.0 mg/g

Russian oil and gas industry as a sphere of international interests and economic cooperation

Russia’s oil and gas resources fall within the sphere of interests of Western European and a number of Asian countries, mainly China, for which a stable supply of the economy with hydrocarbon raw materials is the most important factor in the development of the economy. At the same time, the vast majority of resources are located in the North and the Arctic zone of Russia. Under conditions of considerable uncertainty in the energy markets, international cooperation between the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and Russia to regulate the functioning of the industry has deepened. The article shows that in the context of reduced resources, complicating mining conditions, coordination of efforts to conduct joint fundamental research work is necessary. Further successful economic cooperation should be based on the harmonization of the economic interests of all stakeholders

Some aspects of use of organic containing waste for electrical and thermal energy generation

This article is devoted to the problem of energy generation from the non-processed part of waste, both industrial and municipal. Some aspects of use of gasification products of organic-containing wastes and landfill gas are considered. The presented comparison shows that landfill and generator gases can be attributed to the group of medium-calorific gases used both as boiler fuel and for production of liquid synthetic fuels. It should also be noted that generator and landfill gases contain a significant proportion of inert gases (from 22% to 60%), which is significantly higher than that of natural gases. Inert gases in landfill and generator gases are different. In the first case it is CO2, in the second it is N2. Unlike solid fuel boilers, in a boiler designed to burn gaseous fuels (natural gas), synthetic gases can also be burned without significant additional reconstruction. Due to the difference in gas calorific value, the ratio of fuel to air (with a constant coefficient of excess air α) will change to obtain the necessary thermal power, however, the volume of flue gases will differ slightly. Therefore, the flow sections of the boiler furnace can be saved

The impact of digitalization of the economy on the development of enterprises in the Arctic

The peculiarities of the development of the regions belonging to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) are determined by geopolitical, climatic and other factors. Currently, the issues of digital transformation of national economies are paramount for all countries. However, the existing crisis phenomena caused by the economic crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic have made their own adjustments to this process. The current conditions require both the creation of an appropriate digital infrastructure at the federal and regional levels, and the adjustment of existing development strategies at the enterprise level. However, the benefits of the digital economy will only benefit those enterprises that can adapt their development strategy in accordance with external conditions. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of digitalization of the economy on the development of enterprises in the Arctic, as well as to form a list of the main problems in this area and search for possible ways to solve them. As a result of the study, the authors obtained the following results: (1) identified both positive and negative factors affecting the digitalization of the Russian Arctic; (2) a profile of the directions of digitalization of the Russian Arctic was created and the priority areas of digitalization were determined; (3) it was concluded that the digitalization of national economies opens up great opportunities for the further development of enterprises. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to timely adjust the development strategies of enterprises, taking into account the national and regional characteristics of digitalization

Study of processes of artificial freezing and thawing of soils when developing a model of energy-efficient radiation-convection setup

This paper considers one stage of development of a new power plant for thawing frozen soil during emergency repairs. It includes experimental study of temperature conditions for freezing and artificial thawing of various types of soils in field and laboratory conditions. The main results of laboratory research are presented. The operation process of an industrial prototype of power plant is modelled on a test bench using analogues of radiation-convective heat generators. The obtained calculated and experimental characteristics of artificial thawing of frozen soil by a surface radiation-convective method will allow one to calculate the thermal power of a power plant, and to carry out its design and thermal calculation