PERSEPSI SOSIAL TENTANG STUNTING DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG

ABSTRACT Stunting is an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the first 1000 days of a child’s life. This threatens the quality of human resources of Indonesia. The local communities generally interpret stunting as “short” and use different terms such as ‘kerdil’, ‘cebol’, ‘kuntet’, and ‘kuntring’. Having short posture is frequently perceived as heredity rather than as malnutrition.  Inadequate meanings derived from social perception process may lead mothers to ignore such behavior that will increase risks of stunting and undermine community participation in government-led programme to reduce stunting. This qualitative study aims to describe facts on how community preceived stunted children. Data were obtained through field observation and in-depth interviews with four mothers having under-five-aged children in Tangerang. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected data. This study revealed that stunting is not being associated with health or nutrition issues. In fact, participants perceive stunted children as smart children. Holding on to such perception may jeopardize optimal community participation in government’s efforts to reduce stunting prevalences. Design of appropriate activities may need to consider social perception held by local communities where the intervention will be implemented.  Keywords: Stunting, social perception, childhood nutrition   ABSTRAK  Stunting adalah indikator kekurangan gizi kronis dalam periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan seseorang. Hal ini mengancam kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Masyarakat setempat pada umumnya memaknai stunting sebatas “berbadan pendek” dengan menggunakan istilah yang berbeda, misalnya ‘kerdil’, ‘cebol’, ‘kuntet’, dan ‘‘kuntring’’ sebagai akibat dari faktor keturunan. Perspektif persepsi sosial penting dalam pemaknaan tersebut, karena berpotensi mengabaikan perilaku berisiko anak stunting oleh para ibu dan menghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pemerintah menurunkan kejadian stunting. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat memaknai balita berbadan pendek. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan empat orang ibu yang memiliki anak balita di kabupaten Tangerang. Data diolah dengan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan balita pendek tidak dikaitkan dengan masalah kesehatan maupun gizi, bahkan responden memandang anak ‘‘kuntring’’ sebagai anak yang pintar. Persepsi demikian dapat berdampak pada keterlibatan masyarakat yang tidak optimal dalam upaya pemerintah mengurangi kejadian stunting. Perencanaan intervensi pencegahan yang tepat perlu mempertimbangkan persepsi sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.  Kata kunci: Stunting, persepsi sosial, gizi anak balit

Comparative Review Between COVID-19 and Stunting: Communication Framework Toward Risk-Mitigating Behavior

In addition to COVID-19, stunting is another threat facing Indonesia. Although not as deadly as COVID-19, stunting requires immediate responses; otherwise it will burden our development agenda. Substantial evidences from application of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) accumulate significant relationship of health intentions to individuals’ behavior. Further extension of TPB that include other variables confirm the role of knowledge and risk perception in predicting health intentions and behavior. Similarly involve risk factors within public health area, risk communication of COVID-19 seems outperforms that of stunting. Using TPB’s perspective, this review of literature aims to analyze health promotion impacts of these health threats. Result indicates differences in risk communication strategy for COVID – indicated by emerging amateur health promoters – as to stunting. There is a need for intensive collaboration of Psychology and Communication studies in exploring communication strategies to help building health intentions toward performing risk-mitigating behaviors beyond COVID-19 and stunting alone

Pelibatan Lembaga Keuangan Daerah di Jawa Tengah untuk Meningkatkan Kepemilikan Sarana Sanitasi Layak

Tidak memiliki jamban memaksa keluarga miskin buang air besar sembarangan (BABS). Hal tersebut meningkatkan risiko terjadinya masalah gizi kronis sehingga mengakibatkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan pada anak (stunting), yakni tinggi badan anak lebih rendah atau pendek (kerdil) dari standar usianya. Opsi kredit jamban keluarga tersedia bagi keluarga miskin yang belum mampu membangun sarana sanitasi dasar ini. Namun, kurangnya promosi dan karakter calon nasabah mengakibatkan sedikit lembaga keuangan yang menawarkan kredit jamban. Berbagi peran dengan stakeholders terkait untuk menerapkan fitur kredit yang lebih ‘ramah’ bagi keluarga miskin serta penyediaan insentif diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepemilikan jamban melalui keterlibatan lembaga keuangan

Sanitation Behavior and Risk of Stunting: Understanding the Discourse of a Public Service Announcement

District Health Office of North Lombok Regency is developed a Public Service Announcement (PSA) to dealing with high stunting prevalence, by inform people about poor sanitation behavior and stunting. Using SaniFOAM framework, this study aimed to critically analyzed the sanitation behavior, its setting, narratives, images, conversations conveyed by the PSA and their intertextuality with socio-cultural background of the rural society, to see if it’s an effective communication media in advocating public to stop open defecation. Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis used to identify what sanitation behavior to change; social norms including potential sanctions or enforcement leading to behavior change; required knowledge, and sources of social support to adopting healthier behavior; and to realize the individual and community attitudes, and values as drivers for the change. The result indicated handwashing was not reminded; believing in shaman allowed them to spread knowledge and motivate improved attitudes toward environmental health

Adsorption and dissociation of molecular oxygen on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal close packed americium

In our continuing attempts to understand theoretically various surface properties such as corrosion and potential catalytic activity of actinide surfaces in the presence of environmental gases, we report here the first ab initio study of molecular adsorption on the double hexagonal packed (dhcp) americium (0001) surface. Dissociative adsorption is found to be energetically more favorable compared to molecular adsorption. The most stable configuration corresponds to a horizontal approach molecular dissociation with the oxygen atoms occupying neighboring h3 sites, with chemisorption energies at the NSOC and SOC theoretical levels being 9.395 eV and 9.886 eV, respectively. The corresponding distances of the oxygen molecule from the surface and oxygen-oxygen distance were found to be 0.953 Ang. and 3.731 Ang., respectively. Overall our calculations indicate that chemisorption energies in cases with SOC are slightly more stable than the cases with NSOC in the 0.089-0.493 eV range. The work functions and net magnetic moments respectively increased and decreased in all cases compared with the corresponding quantities of the bare dhcp Am (0001) surface. The adsorbate-substrate interactions have been analyzed in detail using the partial charges inside the muffin-tin spheres, difference charge density distributions, and the local density of states. The effects, if any, of chemisorption on the Am 5f electron localization-delocalization characteristics in the vicinity of the Fermi level are also discussed.Comment: 6 tables, 10 figure

Case report: Association between PTEN-gene variant and an aggressive case of multiple dAVFs

IntroductionMutations of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene have been associated with a spectrum of disorders called PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, which predisposes the individual to develop various types of tumors and vascular anomalies. Its phenotypic spectrum includes Cowden syndrome (CS), Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), Proteus syndrome, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), some sporadic cancers, Lhermitte–Duclos disease (LDD), and various types of associated vascular anomalies.Clinical presentationA previously healthy 27-year-old woman was experiencing visual scintillating scotomas and mild chronic headaches for the past 2 years. The initial computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans did not reveal any abnormalities, but the possibility of pseudotumor cerebri was considered. Furthermore, a cerebral angiogram showed a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), which was initially treated through embolization. However, in spite of proper treatment, this patient experienced multiple recurrent dAVFs in different locations, requiring multiple embolizations and surgeries. Despite exhibiting altered cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics, the patient did not display any significant symptoms until she experienced a sudden stroke resulting from deep venous thrombosis, which was not associated with any medical procedures or medication use. A comprehensive analysis was performed due to the aggressive nature of the dAVFs. Surprisingly, exome sequencing of a blood sample revealed a PTEN gene variant in chromosome 10, indicative of Cowden syndrome. However, no tumors or other vascular lesions were detected in other systems that would constitute Cowden syndrome.ConclusionThe rapid formation of multiple and complex dAVFs, coupled with not meeting the criteria for any other PTEN-related syndrome, unequivocally leads to the presentation of a novel phenotype of the PTEN germline variant

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

BPAG1a and b Associate with EB1 and EB3 and Modulate Vesicular Transport, Golgi Apparatus Structure, and Cell Migration in C2.7 Myoblasts

BPAG1a and BPAG1b (BPAG1a/b) constitute two major isoforms encoded by the dystonin (Dst) gene and show homology with MACF1a and MACF1b. These proteins are members of the plakin family, giant multi-modular proteins able to connect the intermediate filament, microtubule and microfilament cytoskeletal networks with each other and to distinct cell membrane sites. They also serve as scaffolds for signaling proteins that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics. To gain better insights into the functions of BPAG1a/b, we further characterized their C-terminal region important for their interaction with microtubules and assessed the role of these isoforms in the cytoskeletal organization of C2.7 myoblast cells. Our results show that alternative splicing does not only occur at the 5′ end of Dst and Macf1 pre-mRNAs, as previously reported, but also at their 3′ end, resulting in expression of additional four mRNA variants of BPAG1 and MACF1. These isoform-specific C-tails were able to bundle microtubules and bound to both EB1 and EB3, two microtubule plus end proteins. In the C2.7 cell line, knockdown of BPAG1a/b had no major effect on the organization of the microtubule and microfilament networks, but negatively affected endocytosis and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus structure, which became dispersed. Finally, knockdown of BPAG1a/b caused a specific decrease in the directness of cell migration, but did not impair initial cell adhesion. These data provide novel insights into the complexity of alternative splicing of Dst pre-mRNAs and into the role of BPAG1a/b in vesicular transport, Golgi apparatus structure as well as in migration in C2.7 myoblasts

Arabin cervical pessary for prevention of preterm birth in cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated by fetoscopic LASER coagulation: the PECEP LASER randomised controlled trial

Abstract Background Fetoscopic LASER coagulation of the placental anastomoses has changed the prognosis of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. However, the prematurity rate in this cohort remains very high. To date, strategies proposed to decrease the prematurity rate have shown inconclusive, if not unfavourable results. Methods This is a randomised controlled trial to investigate whether a prophylactic cervical pessary will lower the incidence of preterm delivery in cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome requiring fetoscopic LASER coagulation. Women eligible for the study will be randomised after surgery and allocated to either pessary or expectant management. The pessary will be left in place until 37 completed weeks or earlier if delivery occurs. The primary outcome is delivery before 32 completed weeks. Secondary outcomes are a composite of adverse neonatal outcome, fetal and neonatal death, maternal complications, preterm rupture of membranes and hospitalisation for threatened preterm labour. 352 women will be included in order to decrease the rate of preterm delivery before 32 weeks’ gestation from 40% to 26% with an alpha-error of 0.05 and 80% power. Discussion The trial aims at clarifying whether the cervical pessary prolongs the pregnancy in cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome regardless of cervical length at the time of fetoscopy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01334489 . Registered 04 December 2011