Overexpression of long non-coding RNA NORAD promotes invasion and migration in malignant melanoma via regulating the MIR-205-EGLN2 pathway.

Growing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs NORAD and miR-205 play a significant role in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, high expression of NORAD was firstly observed in melanoma tissues and human malignant melanoma cell lines, our aim was to study the interaction of them in the process of invasion and migration of malignant melanoma cells. NORAD, miR-205, and EGLN2 mRNA level in MM cells was detected by qRT-PCR. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect NORAD expression in MM tissues specimens. Effects of NORAD and miR-205 on Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (EGLN2) expression was explored by western blot in MM cells line. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction relationship between NORAD and miR-205, as well as, miR-205 and EGLN2. Transwell assay was conducted to explore the effects of NORAD and miR-205 in vitro. Xenografts in nude mice experiment were used to confirm the role of NORAD and miR-205 in vivo. In vitro, NORAD knockdown significantly inhibited migration and invasion of malignant melanoma cells and elevated the expression of miR-205, there was an interaction between miR-205 and NORAD in the RNA-induced silencing complex. Upregulation of miR-205 induced significant inhibition of migratory and invasive ability compared with the scrambled control. However, downregulating NORAD largely reversed this effect. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of miR-205 on EGLN2 levels and the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress were reversed by NORAD. In vivo, deletion of miR-205 induced tumor growth in nude mice. NORAD may play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression of malignant melanoma by regulating of the miR-205-EGLN2 pathway, and may serve as a new therapeutic target

Serum Sodium Concentration in Patients with Portal Hypertension and Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treated with Terlipressin: A Retrospective Observational Study

This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the risk of serum sodium concentration in patients treated with terlipressin and attempted to explore the factors associated with serum sodium concentration. We included 17 patients with portal hypertension treated with terlipressin (Group 1), 7 with portal hypertension treated with somatostatin/octreotide (Group 2), 20 with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding treated with somatostatin/octreotide (Group 3), and 19 with acute pancreatitis treated with somatostatin/octreotide (Group 4). In all groups, serum sodium concentration at baseline was not significantly different from the lowest value during the infusion of terlipressin, somatostatin, or octreotide (Group 1: 136.95 ± 4.68 versus 135.52 ± 4.79, p = 0.426; Group 2: 139.64 ± 3.86 versus 138.41 ± 5.34, p = 0.813; Group 3: 138.02 ± 4.08 versus 137.69 ± 3.11, p = 0.630; Group 4: 135.96 ± 6.87 versus 134.60 ± 3.40, p = 0.098). The rate of serum sodium concentration reduction in Group 1 (8/17) was not significantly different from Group 2 (3/7, p = 1.000), Group 3 (11/20, p = 0.746), or Group 4 (14/19, p = 0.171). Age, sex, baseline MELD and Child-Pugh scores, cDDD value and duration of terlipressin, blood transfusion, and diuretics and paracentesis during terlipressin were not significantly associated with serum sodium concentration reduction in Group 1. In conclusion, serum sodium concentration is often reduced in patients treated with terlipressin. However, the association of sodium concentration reduction with terlipressin should be clarified

Natural variation in the plant polyadenylation complex

Messenger RNA polyadenylation, the process wherein the primary RNA polymerase II transcript is cleaved and a poly(A) tract added, is a key step in the expression of genes in plants. Moreover, it is a point at which gene expression may be regulated by determining the functionality of the mature mRNA. Polyadenylation is mediated by a complex (the polyadenylation complex, or PAC) that consists of between 15 and 20 subunits. While the general functioning of these subunits may be inferred by extending paradigms established in well-developed eukaryotic models, much remains to be learned about the roles of individual subunits in the regulation of polyadenylation in plants. To gain further insight into this, we conducted a survey of variability in the plant PAC. For this, we drew upon a database of naturally-occurring variation in numerous geographic isolates of Arabidopsis thaliana. For a subset of genes encoding PAC subunits, the patterns of variability included the occurrence of premature stop codons in some Arabidopsis accessions. These and other observations lead us to conclude that some genes purported to encode PAC subunits in Arabidopsis are actually pseudogenes, and that others may encode proteins with dispensable functions in the plant. Many subunits of the PAC showed patterns of variability that were consistent with their roles as essential proteins in the cell. Several other PAC subunits exhibit patterns of variability consistent with selection for new or altered function. We propose that these latter subunits participate in regulatory interactions important for differential usage of poly(A) sites

Stock Volatility Prediction Based on Transformer Model Using Mixed-Frequency Data

With the increasing volume of high-frequency data in the information age, both challenges and opportunities arise in the prediction of stock volatility. On one hand, the outcome of prediction using tradition method combining stock technical and macroeconomic indicators still leaves room for improvement; on the other hand, macroeconomic indicators and peoples' search record on those search engines affecting their interested topics will intuitively have an impact on the stock volatility. For the convenience of assessment of the influence of these indicators, macroeconomic indicators and stock technical indicators are then grouped into objective factors, while Baidu search indices implying people's interested topics are defined as subjective factors. To align different frequency data, we introduce GARCH-MIDAS model. After mixing all the above data, we then feed them into Transformer model as part of the training data. Our experiments show that this model outperforms the baselines in terms of mean square error. The adaption of both types of data under Transformer model significantly reduces the mean square error from 1.00 to 0.86.Comment: Accepted by the 7th APWeb-WAIM International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data. (APWeb 2023

Efficacy and safety of external-beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview of current evidence according to the different target population

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Mechanisms of Polyethylene Terephthalate Pellet Fragmentation into Nanoplastics and Assimilable Carbons by Wastewater Comamonas

Comamonadaceae bacteria are enriched on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) microplastics in wastewaters and urban rivers, but the PET-degrading mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated these mechanisms with Comamonas testosteroniKF-1, a wastewater isolate, by combining microscopy, spectroscopy, proteomics, protein modeling, and genetic engineering. Compared to minor dents on PET films, scanning electron microscopy revealed significant fragmentation of PET pellets, resulting in a 3.5-fold increase in the abundance of small nanoparticles (<100 nm) during 30-day cultivation. Infrared spectroscopy captured primarily hydrolytic cleavage in the fragmented pellet particles. Solution analysis further demonstrated double hydrolysis of a PET oligomer, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, to the bioavailable monomer terephthalate. Supplementation with acetate, a common wastewater co-substrate, promoted cell growth and PET fragmentation. Of the multiple hydrolases encoded in the genome, intracellular proteomics detected only one, which was found in both acetate-only and PET-only conditions. Homology modeling of this hydrolase structure illustrated substrate binding analogous to reported PET hydrolases, despite dissimilar sequences. Mutants lacking this hydrolase gene were incapable of PET oligomer hydrolysis and had a 21% decrease in PET fragmentation; re-insertion of the gene restored both functions. Thus, we have identified constitutive production of a key PET-degrading hydrolase in wastewater Comamonas, which could be exploited for plastic bioconversion

2-Aminopurine Inhibits Lipid Accumulation Induced by Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Lipoprotein in Macrophages: Potential Role of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2␣ Phosphorylation in Foam Cell Formation

ABSTRACT We previously reported that apolipoprotein (Apo) E-deficient, ApoB48-containing (E Ϫ /B48) lipoproteins inhibited expression of lysosomal hydrolase and transformed mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) into foam cells. The present study examined the effect of 2-aminopurine (2-AP), an inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2␣ phosphorylation, on E Ϫ /B48 lipoprotein-induced changes in gene expression and foam cell formation. Our data demonstrated that E Ϫ /B48 lipoproteins enhanced phosphorylation of eIF-2␣ in macrophages. Incubation of MPMs with E Ϫ /B48 lipoproteins inhibited the translation efficiency of mRNAs encoding lysosomal acid lipase, cathepsin B, and cation-dependent mannose 6 phosphate receptor, with a parallel reduction in the level of these proteins. Addition of 2-AP to the culture media alleviated the suppressive effect of E Ϫ /B48 lipoproteins on lysosomal hydrolase mRNA translation, increased macrophage degradation of E Ϫ /B48 lipoproteins, and inhibited foam cell formation. Transfection of MPMs with a nonphosphorylatable eIF-2␣ mutant also attenuated the suppressive effect of E Ϫ /B48 lipoproteins on expression of lysosomal acid lipase, associated with a reduced accumulation of cellular cholesterol esters. This is the first demonstration that ApoE-deficient lipoproteins inhibit lysosomal hydrolase synthesis and transform macrophages into foam cells through induction of eIF-2␣ phosphorylation

The Mesozoic along-strike tectono-metamorphic segmentation of Longmen Shan (eastern Tibetan plateau)

The Longmen Shan belt (eastern border of the Tibetan plateau) constitutes a tectonically active region as demonstrated by the occurrence of the unexpected 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan and 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquakes in the central and southern parts of the belt respectively. These events revealed the necessity of a better understanding of the long‐term geological evolution of the belt and its effect on the present dynamics and crustal structure. New structural and thermobarometric data offer a comprehensive dataset of the paleo‐temperatures across the belt and P‐T estimates for low‐grade metamorphic domains. In the central Longmen Shan, two metamorphic jumps of 150‐200°C, 5‐6 kbar and ~50 °C, 3‐5 kbar acquired during the Early Mesozoic are observed across the Wenchuan and Beichuan faults respectively, attesting to their thrusting movement and unrevealing a major decollement between the allochtonous Songpan‐Garze metasedimentary cover (at T > 500°C) and the autochtonous units and the basement (T < 400°C). In the southern Longmen Shan, the only greenschist‐facies metamorphism is observed both in the basement (360 ± 30°C, 6 ± 2 kbar) and in the metasedimentary cover (350 ± 30°C, 3 ± 1 kbar). Peak conditions were reached at c. 80‐60 Ma in the basement and c. 55‐33 Ma in the cover, c. 50 Ma after the greenschist‐facies metamorphic overprint observed in the central Longmen Shan (c. 150‐120 Ma). This along‐strike metamorphic segmentation coincides well with the present fault segmentation and reveals that the central and southern Longmen Shan experienced different tectono‐metamorphic histories since the Mesozoic

PSR J1926-0652: A Pulsar with Interesting Emission Properties Discovered at FAST

We describe PSR J1926-0652, a pulsar recently discovered with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Using sensitive single-pulse detections from FAST and long-term timing observations from the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, we probed phenomena on both long and short time scales. The FAST observations covered a wide frequency range from 270 to 800 MHz, enabling individual pulses to be studied in detail. The pulsar exhibits at least four profile components, short-term nulling lasting from 4 to 450 pulses, complex subpulse drifting behaviours and intermittency on scales of tens of minutes. While the average band spacing P3 is relatively constant across different bursts and components, significant variations in the separation of adjacent bands are seen, especially near the beginning and end of a burst. Band shapes and slopes are quite variable, especially for the trailing components and for the shorter bursts. We show that for each burst the last detectable pulse prior to emission ceasing has different properties compared to other pulses. These complexities pose challenges for the classic carousel-type models.Comment: 13pages with 12 figure