276 research outputs found
Consistent Off-Shell Tree String Amplitudes
We give a construction of off-shell tree bosonic string amplitudes, based on
the operatorial formalism of the -string Vertex, with three external
massless states both for open and closed strings by requiring their being
projective invariant. In particular our prescription leads, in the low-energy
limit, to the three-gluon amplitude in the usual covariant gauge.Comment: 12 pages. Introductory and final parts modified in order to make them
more clear. Cosmetic changes in formulae (13) and (14). Some misprints
correcte
Marijuana Decriminalization: What does it mean in the United States?
It is well known in the drug policy field that eleven states reduced the criminal sanctions associated with possession of small amounts of marijuana. In this paper we review the eleven original decriminalization statutes, documenting key dimensions of these laws and identifying their common denominator. We then examine state laws in effect as of December 31, 1999, along the same key dimensions and show that it is impossible to uniquely identify the so-called decriminalized states. We show the extent to which non-decriminalized states have also reduced penalties associated with possession of small amounts of marijuana as early as 1989, calling into question the interpretation of studies evaluating this policy during the past decade. We conclude by showing that the inclusion of legal dimensions of the policy does not diminish the association identified between decriminalization and recent use, raising questions about how researchers should interpret such findings.
Prescriptions for Off-Shell Bosonic String Amplitudes
We give, in the framework of the bosonic string theory, simple prescriptions
for computing, at tree and one-loop levels, off-shell string amplitudes for
open and closed string massless states. In particular we obtain a tree
amplitude for three open strings that in the field theory limit coincides with
the three-gluon vertex in the usual covariant gauge and two-string one-loop
amplitudes satisfying the property of transversality.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, to appear in the proceedings of the workshop
"Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification", Corfu
(Greece), 20-26 September 1998. Eq. (12) and numerical factors in eqs. (13)
and (16) corrected; some minor changes and references adde
Expected performances of a Laue lens made with bent crystals
In the context of the LAUE project devoted to build a Laue lens prototype for
focusing celestial hard X-/soft gamma-rays, a Laue lens made of bent crystal
tiles, with 20 m focal length, is simulated. The focusing energy passband is
assumed to be 90--600 keV. The distortion of the image produced by the lens on
the focal plane, due to effects of crystal tile misalignment and radial
distortion of the crystal curvature, is investigated. The corresponding
effective area of the lens, its point spread function and sensitivity are
calculated and compared with those exhibited by a nominal Laue lens with no
misalignment and/or distortion. Such analysis is crucial to estimate the
optical properties of a real lens, in which the investigated shortcomings could
be present.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figure
Brane-Inspired Orientifold Field Theories
In this paper we consider the gauge theory living on the world-volume of a
stack of N D3-branes of Type 0B/\Omega' I_6(-1)^{F_{L}} and of its orbifolds
C^2/Z_2 and C^3/(Z_2 x Z_2). The gauge theories obtained in the three cases are
a brane realization of ``orientifold field theories'' having the bosonic sector
common with N=4,2,1 super Yang-Mills respectively. In these non-supersymmetric
theories, we investigate the possibility of keeping the gauge/gravity
correspondence that has revealed itself so successful in the case of
supersymmetric theories. In the open string framework we compute the
coefficient of the gauge kinetic term showing that the perturbative behaviour
of the orientifold field theory can be obtained from the closed string channel
in the large N limit, where the theory exhibits Bose-Fermi degeneracy.Comment: 27 pages, LaTe
Kaehler Metrics: String vs Field Theoretical Approach
We use both a string and a field theoretical approach in order to determine
respectively the Kaehler metrics of untwisted and twisted open strings attached
to magnetized D9 branes in toroidal compactifications.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex file. Contribution to the proceedings of the 4th RTN
workshop "Forces Universe", Varna, September 200
Hard x-ray broad band Laue lenses (80 - 600 keV): building methods and performances
We present the status of the laue project devoted to develop a technology for
building a 20 meter long focal length Laue lens for hard x-/soft gamma-ray
astronomy (80 - 600 keV). The Laue lens is composed of bent crystals of Gallium
Arsenide (GaAs, 220) and Germanium (Ge, 111), and, for the first time, the
focusing property of bent crystals has been exploited for this field of
applications. We show the preliminary results concerning the adhesive employed
to fix the crystal tiles over the lens support, the positioning accuracy
obtained and possible further improvements. The Laue lens petal that will be
completed in a few months has a pass band of 80 - 300 keV and is a fraction of
an entire Laue lens capable of focusing X-rays up to 600 keV, possibly
extendable down to 20 - 30 keV with suitable low absorption crystal materials
and focal length. The final goal is to develop a focusing optics that can
improve the sensitivity over current telescopes in this energy band by 2 orders
of magnitude
The LAUE project for broadband gamma-ray focusing lenses
We present the LAUE project devoted to develop an advanced technology for
building a high focal length Laue lens for soft gamma--ray astronomy (80-600
keV). The final goal is to develop a focusing optics that can improve the
current sensitivity in the above energy band by 2 orders of magnitude.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, presented at the SPIE conference on "Optics for
EUV, X-ray, and Gamma-ray Astronomy". To be published in the Proceedings of
SPIE, vol.8147, 201
Identification and molecular characterization of a novel mutation in MSH2 gene in a lynch syndrome family
Background and aim of the work: The Lynch Syndrome (LS) is associated with germline mutations in one of the MisMatch Repair (MMR) genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, MLH3 and MSH3. The molecular characterization of mutations in these MMR genes facilitates the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of subjects at risk to develop a colon cancer or a cancer LS-related. Methods: DHPLC and direct sequencing were performed for the mutation detection analysis. Results: In this study, we identified a novel frame shift mutation, the named is c.170delT in MSH2 gene that determined a premature stop codon and consequently, the formation of a truncated protein (p. Val56Glyfs*7). This is a novel mutation, as it has not been reported before in the international scientific literature. This mutation was found in two subjects (father and son) belonging to a LS family. However, they showed a different phenotype disease. Conclusion: In this study, we identified and characterized a novel MSH2 mutation; moreover, this study reaffirmed the importance of genetic testing in Lynch syndrome
Marijuana Use and High School Dropout: The Influence of Unobservables
In this study we reconsider the relationship between heavy and persistent marijuana use and high school dropout status using a unique prospective panel study of over 4500 7th grade students from South Dakota who are followed up through high school. Propensity score weighting is used to adjust for baseline differences that are found to exist before marijuana initiation occurs (7th grade). Weighted logistic regression incorporating these propensity score weights is then used to examine the extent to which time-varying factors, including substance use, also influence the likelihood of dropping out of school. We find a positive association between marijuana use and dropping out (OR=5.68), over half of which can be explained by prior differences in observational characteristics and behaviors. The remaining association (OR=2.31) is made statistically insignificant when measures of cigarette smoking are included in the analysis. Because no physiological justification can be provided for why cigarette smoking would reduce the cognitive effects of marijuana on schooling, we interpret this as evidence that the association is due to other factors. We then use the rich data to explore which constructs are driving this result, determining that it is time-varying parental and peer influences.
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