(Naphthalene-1,4-di­yl)dimethyl dibenzoate

In the title compound, C26H20O4, the complete molecule is generated by a crystallographic 2-fold axis and the naphthalene ring system is planar within 0.05 (4) Å. The dihedral angles between the –COO plane, the benzene ring and naphthalene ring system are 12.83 (3) and 12.93 (1)°, respectively. The –COO plane and the benzene ring are almost coplanar, forming a dihedral angle of 2.59 (8)°

Proteomic changes associated with deletion of the Magnaporthe oryzae conidial morphology-regulating gene COM1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rice blast disease caused by <it>Magnaporthe oryzae </it>is a major constraint on world rice production. The conidia produced by this fungal pathogen are the main source of disease dissemination. The morphology of conidia may be a critical factor in the spore dispersal and virulence of <it>M. oryzae </it>in the field. Deletion of a conidial morphology regulating gene encoding putative transcriptional regulator COM1 in <it>M. oryzae </it>resulted in aberrant conidial shape, reduced conidiation and attenuated virulence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/matrix assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry (2-DE/MALDI-TOF MS) based proteomics approach was employed to identify the cellular and molecular components regulated by the COM1 protein (COM1p) that might contribute to the aberrant phenotypes in <it>M. oryzae</it>. By comparing the conidial proteomes of <it>COM1 </it>deletion mutant and its isogenic wild-type strain P131, we identified a potpourri of 31 proteins that exhibited statistically significant alterations in their abundance levels. Of these differentially regulated proteins, the abundance levels of nine proteins were elevated and twelve were reduced in the Δ<it>com1 </it>mutant. Three proteins were detected only in the Δ<it>com1 </it>conidial proteome, whereas seven proteins were apparently undetectable. The data obtained in the study suggest that the COM1p plays a key role in transcriptional reprogramming of genes implicated in melanin biosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolism, structural organization of cell, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, etc. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis in the <it>COM1 </it>mutant.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the COM1p may regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes indispensable for conidial development and appressorial penetration. These functions are likely to contribute to the effects of COM1p upon the aberrant phenotypes of <it>M. oryzae</it>.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article is reviewed by George V. Shpakovski, Karthikeyan Sivaraman (nominated by M. Madan Babu) and Lakshminarayan M. Iyer.</p

(E)-3-(3-Chloro­phen­yl)-N-(4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­benz­yl)acryl­amide

In the title compound, C17H16ClNO3, the 4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­benzyl group is planar [maximum atomic deviation = 0.0138 (16) Å] and is nearly perpendicular to the chloro­benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 84.67 (4)°. The chloro­benzene and amide groups are located on the opposite sides of the C=C bond, showing an E configuration. The relatively long C=O bond distance of 1.2364 (19) Å and the short C—N bond distance of 1.341 (2) Å suggest electron delocalization in the amide fragment. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Downregulated expression of HSP27 in human low-grade glioma tissues discovered by a quantitative proteomic analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs), including mainly HSP110, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSP families, are evolutionary conserved proteins involved in various cellular processes. Abnormal expression of HSPs has been detected in several tumor types, which indicates that specific HSPs have different prognostic significance for different tumors. In the current studies, the expression profiling of HSPs in human low-grade glioma tissues (HGTs) were investigated using a sensitive, accurate SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture)-based quantitative proteomic strategy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The five HSP family members were detected and quantified in both HGTs and autologous para-cancerous brain tissues (PBTs) by the SILAC-based mass spectrometry (MS) simultaneously. HSP90 AB1, HSP A5(70 KDa), and especially HSP27 were significantly downregulated in HGTs, whereas the expression level of HSPA9 (70 KDa) was little higher in HGTs than that in PBTs. It was noted that the downregulation ratio of HSP27 was 0.48-fold in HGTs <it>versus </it>PBTs, which was further validated by results from RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we detected HSP27 expression changes along with cell growth under heat shock treatment in glioma H4 cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The SILAC-MS technique is an applicable and efficient novel method, with a high-throughput manner, to quantitatively compare the relative expression level of HSPs in brain tumors. Different HSP family members have specific protein expression levels in human low-grade glioma discovered by SILAC-MS analysis. HSP27 expression was obviously downregulated in HGTs <it>versus </it>PBTs, and it exhibited temporal and spatial variation under heat shock treatment (43°C/0-3 h) <it>in vitro</it>. HSP27's rapid upregulation was probably correlated with the temporary resistance to heat shock in order to maintain the survival of human glioma cells.</p

N-(4-Hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benz­yl)benzamide

In the mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C15H15NO3, the two benzene rings are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 75.11 (10)°. In the amide fragment, the C=O and C—N bond distances are 1.248 (3) and 1.321 (3) Å, respectively, indicating electron delocalization. A partially ovelapped arrangement between parallel hydroxy­methoxy­benzene rings is observed in the crystal structure, and the face-to-face distance of 3.531 (16) Å suggests the existence of weak π–π stacking. N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also present in the crystal structure

Factors Associated with Myopia in School Children in China: The Beijing Childhood Eye Study

Purpose: To assess factors associated with myopia in school children in rural and urban parts of Greater Beijing. Methods: The Beijing Pedriatic Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional study, in which one school of each level (primary, junior high, senior high) was randomly selected from nine randomly selected districts out of 18 districts of Greater Beijing. The children underwent non-cylcoplegic refractometry and their parents an interview. Results: Of 16,771 eligible students, 15,066 (89.8%) children (7,769 (51.6%) girls) participated, with 8,860 (58.8%) participants living in the rural region. Mean age was 13.263.4 years (range:7–18 years). In multivariate analysis, prevalence of myopia (defined as #21.00 diopters) was associated with higher age (Odds ratio(OR):1.37; 95% confidence interval(CI):1.35,1.39), female gender (OR:1.35;95%CI:1.25,1.47), key school type (OR:0.77;95%CI: 0.70,0.85), higher family income (OR:1.04;95%CI:1.01,1.07), parental myopia (OR:1.46;95%CI:1.40,1.53), dim reading illumination (OR:0.93;95%CI: 0.88,0.98), longer daily studying duration (OR:1.10;95%CI:1.06,1.15), shorter duration of watching television (or computer) (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.89,0.97), higher self-reported protein intake (OR:0.94;95%CI:0.90,0.99), feeling well about life and status (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.89,0.98), and feeling tired or dizzy (OR:0.94;95%CI:0.91,0.97). Prevalence of high myopia (defined as #26.00 diopters) was associated with higher age (OR:1.43;95%CI:1.38, 1.48), key school type (OR:0.61;95%CI:0.49,0.74), family income (OR:1.07;95%CI:1.02,1.13), parental myopia (OR:1.65;95%CI:1.54,1.76), dim reading illumination (OR:0.86;95%CI:0.77,0.96), less rest during studying (OR:1.18;95%CI:1.10,1.27), feeling well about life and studying (OR:0.88;95%CI: 0.81,0.96) and feeling dizzy or tired (OR:0.93;95%CI:0.87,0.99). Prevalence of high myopia (defined as #28.00 diopters) was significantly associated with higher age (OR:1.39;95%CI:1.31,1.48;), key school type (OR:0.61;95%CI:0.42,0.88) and parental myopia (OR:1.87;95%CI:1.66,2.12). Conclusions: Myopia in school children in Greater Beijing was associated with higher age, female gender, school type, parental myopia, higher socioeconomic background, dim reading illumination, longer daily studying duration, less rest during study, shorter duration of watching television (or computer), higher self-reported protein intake, feeling well about life and status, and feeling tired and dizzy

N′-[(E)-3-Indol-3-ylmethyl­ene]isonicotino­hydrazide monohydrate

Crystals of the title compound, C15H12N4O·H2O, were obtained from a condensation reaction of isonicotinylhydrazine and 3-indolylformaldehyde. The mol­ecule assumes an E configuration, with the isonicotinoylhydrazine and indole units located on the opposite sites of the C=N double bond. In the mol­ecular structure the pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the indole ring system, forming a dihedral angle of 44.72 (7)°. Extensive classical N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions are present in the crystal structure

Low-code LLM: Graphical User Interface over Large Language Models

Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex tasks is challenging, often involving a time-consuming and uncontrollable prompt engineering process. This paper introduces a novel human-LLM interaction framework, Low-code LLM. It incorporates six types of simple low-code visual programming interactions to achieve more controllable and stable responses. Through visual interaction with a graphical user interface, users can incorporate their ideas into the process without writing trivial prompts. The proposed Low-code LLM framework consists of a Planning LLM that designs a structured planning workflow for complex tasks, which can be correspondingly edited and confirmed by users through low-code visual programming operations, and an Executing LLM that generates responses following the user-confirmed workflow. We highlight three advantages of the low-code LLM: user-friendly interaction, controllable generation, and wide applicability. We demonstrate its benefits using four typical applications. By introducing this framework, we aim to bridge the gap between humans and LLMs, enabling more effective and efficient utilization of LLMs for complex tasks. The code, prompts, and experimental details are available at https://github.com/moymix/TaskMatrix/tree/main/LowCodeLLM. A system demonstration video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2C1vaeO3E.Comment: Accepted as a Demo Track paper at NAACL 202

Species Classification and Quality Assessment of Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Methods

Fast and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometric methods was utilized to assist in the quality assessment of Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). By comparative analysis of chromatographic profiles, twelve common peaks were selected for multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of the chromatographic data demonstrated that 16 batches of Cangzhu samples could be welldifferentiated and categorized into two groups, which were closely related to their species (Atractylodes chinensis and A. lancea). By loading plots of PCA and OPLS-DA, the “common peaks” 2, 10, and 12 were defined as “marker peaks,” which were identified as atractylodinol, (4E,6E,12E)-tetradecatriene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diyl diacetate, and atractylodin, respectively. These three “marker peaks” were then simultaneously quantified for further controlling the quality of Cangzhu, which showed acceptable linearity, both intraday and interday precisions (RSD ≤ 2.30%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 2.82%), and the recoveries of the three analytes in the range of 96.57–100.16%, with RSDs less than 1.46%. Finally, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was successfully used to build predictive models of the group membership based on the contents of three marker peaks. Results of the present study demonstrated that HPLC-based metabolic profiling coupled with chemometric methods and quantificational determination was a very flexible, reliable, and effective way for homogeneity evaluation and quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine

Genus Caulophyllum

Recently, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology, and action mechanisms of constituents from genus Caulophyllum. Despite this, there is to date no systematic review of those of genus Caulophyllum. This review covers naturally occurring alkaloids and saponins and those resulting from synthetic novel taspine derivatives. The paper further discussed several aspects of this genus, including pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and cell membrane chromatography for activity screening. The aim of this paper is to provide a point of reference for pharmaceutical researchers to develop new drugs from constituents of Caulophyllum plants