Topolgical Charged Black Holes in Generalized Horava-Lifshitz Gravity

As a candidate of quantum gravity in ultrahigh energy, the $(3+1)$-dimensional Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz (HL) gravity with critical exponent $z\ne 1$, indicates anisotropy between time and space at short distance. In the paper, we investigate the most general $z=d$ Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity in arbitrary spatial dimension $d$, with a generic dynamical Ricci flow parameter $\lambda$ and a detailed balance violation parameter $\epsilon$. In arbitrary dimensional generalized HL$_{d+1}$ gravity with $z\ge d$ at long distance, we study the topological neutral black hole solutions with general $\lambda$ in $z=d$ HL$_{d+1}$, as well as the topological charged black holes with $\lambda=1$ in $z=d$ HL$_{d+1}$. The HL gravity in the Lagrangian formulation is adopted, while in the Hamiltonian formulation, it reduces to Dirac$-$De Witt's canonical gravity with $\lambda=1$. In particular, the topological charged black holes in $z=5$ HL$_6$, $z=4$ HL$_5$, $z=3,4$ HL$_4$ and $z=2$ HL$_3$ with $\lambda=1$ are solved. Their asymptotical behaviors near the infinite boundary and near the horizon are explored respectively. We also study the behavior of the topological black holes in the $(d+1)$-dimensional HL gravity with $U(1)$ gauge field in the zero temperature limit and finite temperature limit, respectively. Thermodynamics of the topological charged black holes with $\lambda=1$, including temperature, entropy, heat capacity, and free energy are evaluated.Comment: 51 pages, published version. The theoretical framework of z=d HL gravity is set up, and higher curvature terms in spatial dimension become relevant at UV fixed point. Lovelock term, conformal term, new massive term, and Chern-Simons term with different critical exponent z are studie

A novel inorganic–organic hybrid borate, poly{[Na2(C4H2O4)(H3BO3)(H2O)4]·H3BO3}

The structure of the title compound, catena-poly[[[di-μ-aqua-μ-fumarato-μ-(boric acid)-disodium]-di-μ-aqua] boric acid monosolvate], contains two crystallographically independent Na+ cations, each being six-coordinated by one fumarate O atom, one boric acid O atom and four water O atoms in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Adjacent [NaO2(OH2)4] units share edges and are linked into chains propagating parallel to [100]. The free boric acid mol­ecules are connected to the chains through strong inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Additional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the water mol­ecules, the free and coordinated boric acid mol­ecules and the fumarate anion lead to the formation of a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure. With the exception of the two water mol­ecules, all other atoms lie on mirror planes

Exploring the multiband gravitational wave background with a semi-analytic galaxy formation model

An enormous number of compact binary systems, spanning from stellar to supermassive levels, emit substantial gravitational waves during their final evolutionary stages, thereby creating a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). We calculate the merger rates of stellar compact binaries and massive black hole binaries using a semi-analytic galaxy formation model -- Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution (GABE) in a unified and self-consistent approach, followed by an estimation of the multi-band SGWB contributed by those systems. We find that the amplitudes of the principal peaks of the SGWB energy density are within one order of magnitude $\Omega_{GW} \sim 10^{-9}- 10^{-8}$. This SGWB could easily be detected by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), as well as planned interferometric detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The energy density of this background varies as $\Omega_{GW} \propto f^{2/3}$ in SKA band. The shape of the SGWB spectrum in the frequency range $\sim[10^{-4}$,$1]$Hz could allow the LISA to distinguish the black hole seed models. The amplitude of the SGWB from merging stellar binary black holes (BBHs) at $\sim 100$ Hz is approximately 10 and 100 times greater than those from merging binary neutron stars (BNSs) and neutron-star-black-hole (NSBH) mergers, respectively. Note that, since the cosmic star formation rate density predicted by GABE is somewhat lower than observational results by $\sim 0.2$ dex at z < $\sim 2$, the amplitude of the SGWB in the frequency range $\sim[1$, $10^{4}]$ Hz may be underestimated by a similar factor at most.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Serotonin promotes the proliferation of serum-deprived hepatocellular carcinoma cells via upregulation of FOXO3a

BACKGROUND: Peripheral serotonin is involved in tumorigenesis and induces a pro-proliferative effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells; however, the intracellular mechanisms by which serotonin exerts a mitogenic effect remain unclear. In this research, we examined whether FOXO3a, a transcription factor at the interface of crucial cellular processes, plays a role downstream of serotonin in HCC cells. RESULTS: The cell viability and expression of FOXO3a was assessed in three HCC cell lines (Huh7, HepG2 and Hep3B) during serum deprivation in the presence or absence of serotonin. Serum free media significantly inhibited HCC proliferation and led to reduced expression and nuclear accumulation of FOXO3a. Knockdown of FOXO3a enhanced the ability of serum deprivation to inhibit HCC cells proliferation. And overexpression of non-phosphorylated FOXO3a in HCC cells reversed serum-deprivation-induced growth inhibition. Serotonin reversed the serum-deprivation-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and upregulated FOXO3a in Huh7 cells; however, serotonin had no effect on the proliferation of serum-deprived HepG2 or Hep3B cells. In addition to proliferation, serotonin also induced phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO3a in serum-deprived Huh7 cells but not in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. However, the phosphorylation of FOXO3a induced by serotonin did not export FOXO3a from nucleus to cytoplasm in serum-deprived Huh7 cells. Consequently, we demonstrated that serotonin promoted the proliferation of Huh7 cells by increasing the expression of FOXO3a. We also provide preliminary evidence that different expression levels of the 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT(2B)R) may contribute to the distinct effects of serotonin in different serum-deprived HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that FOXO3a functions as a growth factor in serum-deprived HCC cells and serotonin promotes the proliferation of serum-deprived HCC cells via upregulation of FOXO3a, in the presence of sufficient levels of the serotonin receptor 5-HT(2B)R. Drugs targeting the serotonin-5-HT(2B)R-FOXO3a pathway may provide a novel target for anticancer therapy

Investigating high energy proton proton collisions with a multi-phase transport model approach based on PYTHIA8 initial conditions

The striking resemblance of high multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC to heavy ion collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A consistent explanation of the collectivity phenomena in pp will help us to understand the mechanism that leads to the QGP-like signals in small systems. In this study, we introduce a transport model approach connecting the initial conditions provided by PYTHIA8 with subsequent AMPT rescatterings to study the collective behavior in high energy pp collisions. The multiplicity dependence of light hadron productions from this model is in reasonable agreement with the pp $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV experimental data. It is found in the comparisons that both the partonic and hadronic final state interactions are important for the generation of the radial flow feature of the pp transverse momentum spectra. The study also shows that the long range two particle azimuthal correlation in high multiplicity pp events is sensitive to the proton sub-nucleon spatial fluctuations

Detection of STAT2 in early stage of cervical premalignancy and in cervical cancer

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the expression pattern of STAT2 in cervical cancer initiation and progression in tissue sections from patients with cervicitis, dysplasia, and cervical cancer.MethodsAntibody against human STAT2 was confirmed by plasmids transient transfection and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect STAT2 expression in the cervical biopsies by using the confirmed antibody against STAT2 as the primary antibody.ResultsIt was found that the overall rate of positive STAT2 expression in the cervicitis, dysplasia and cervical cancer groups were 38.5%, 69.4% and 76.9%, respectively. The STAT2 levels are significantly increased in premalignant dysplasia and cervical cancer, as compared to cervicitis (P< 0.05). Noticeably, STAT2 signals were mainly found in the cytoplasm, implying that STAT2 was not biologically active.ConclusionsThese findings reveal an association between cervical cancer progression and augmented STAT2 expression. In conclusion, STAT2 increase appears to be an early detectable cellular event in cervical cancer development

Feasibility of Using Phase Change Materials to Control the Heat of Hydration in Massive Concrete Structures

This paper presents experimental results that can be applied to select a possible phase change material (PCM), such as a latent heat material (LHM), to control the hydration heat in mass concrete structures. Five experimental tests (microconduction, simplified adiabatic temperature rise, heat, and compressive strength tests) were conducted to select the most desirable LHM out of seven types of inorganic PCM used in cement mortar and to determine the most suitable mix design. The results of these experimental tests were used to assess the feasibility of using PCM to reduce hydration heat in mass concrete that was examined. The experimental results show that cement mortar containing barium- [Ba(OH)2·8H2O] based PCM has the lowest amount of total hydration heat of the cement pastes. The barium-based PCM provides good latent heat properties that help to prevent volume change and microcracks caused by thermal stress in mass concrete