11 research outputs found

    Funds transfer pricing and performance evaluation

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    EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

    ILKAP Binding to and Dephosphorylating HIF-1α is Essential for Apoptosis Induced by Severe Hypoxia

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    Background/Aims: Integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP), a serine/threonine phosphatase that belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C family, has a role in cell survival and apoptosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the key transcription factor in the response to oxygen deficiency in mammals. Direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of HIF-1α affect its function. The present study investigated the role of ILKAP on HIF-1α dephosphorylation and cell behavior. Methods: HIF-1α was induced by hypoxia. Physical binding between ILKAP and HIF-1α was demonstrated by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. HIF-1α transcriptional activity was investigated using a hypoxia-response element-containing luciferase reporter plasmid. Cell viability was evaluated by a trypan blue dye exclusion assay. ILKAP function was explored by a gain and loss assay with an overexpression plasmid and shRNA infection. Results: ILKAP physically interacted with HIF-1α and induced its dephosphorylation. Both the HIF-1α-p53 interaction and apoptosis relied on ILKAP. Conclusion: The results indicated that the ILKAP directly binds and dephosphorylates HIF-1α and responsible for severe hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis

    Rational speculative bubbles in the Asian stock markets: tests on deterministic explosive bubbles and stochastic explosive root bubbles

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    The standard theory of asset pricing, in which a long-run relationship should exist between stock prices and dividends if there are no deterministic explosive bubbles, assumes the constancy of expected returns. However, the investor’s expected returns are more likely to be time varying, which have led to the modification for the tests of rational bubble. One modification is that the tests should be applied to the log levels of stock price and dividend for allowing the detection of the stochastic explosive root bubble, which incorporates the possibility of time-varying expected returns. Accordingly, we test the existence or otherwise of both types of rational bubbles in the Asian stock markets by applying the unit root tests and the cointegration analyses. The empirical results suggest that the rational bubbles exist in the stock markets of Japan, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippine, whereas Hong Kong is found to have no rational bubbles
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