Green and Black Tea Phenolics: Bioavailability, Transformation by Colonic Microbiota, and Modulation of Colonic Microbiota

Monomeric green tea catechin (GTC) and oligomeric, oxidized black tea phenolic (BTP) have shown promising health benefits, although GTC has been more extensively studied than BTP. We review the current knowledge on bioavailability, colonic transformation, and gut microbiota modulatory effects of GTC and BTP. As a result of their similar poor bioavailability in the small intestine and potentially similar metabolites upon colonic fermentation, it seems as if GTC and BTP have similar health effects, although it cannot be excluded that they have different gut microbiota modulatory effects and that BTP gives a poorer yield of bioactive phenolic metabolites upon colonic fermentation than GTC

Forest plot of iPTH of patients treated with calcimimetics and control therapy.

<p>Studies are identified by name of the first author and year of publication. Mean differences (MDs) are pooled using the fixed-effect model and shown on a scale of −500 to 500.</p

Effects and Safety of Calcimimetics in End Stage Renal Disease Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis

<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the most common abnormalities of mineral metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect and safety of cinacalcet in SHPT patients receiving dialysis.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>The meta-analysis was performed to determine the effect and safety of cinacalcet in SHPT patients receiving dialysis by using the search terms ‘cinacalcet’ or ‘mimpara’ or ‘sensipar’ or ‘calcimimetic’ or ‘R586’ on MEDLINE and EMBASE (January 1990 to February 2012).</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>Fifteen trials were included, all of which were performed between 2000 and 2011 enrolling a total of 3387 dialysis patients. Our study showed that calcimimetic agents effectively ameliorated iPTH levels(WMD, −294.36 pg/mL; 95% CI, −322.76 to −265.95, <em>P</em><0.001) in SHPT patients and reduced serum calcium (WMD, −0.81 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.89 to −0.72, <em>P</em><0.001) and phosphorus disturbances(WMD, −0.29 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.41 to −0.17, <em>P</em><0.001). The percentage of patients in whom there was a 30% decrease in serum iPTH levels by the end of the dosing was higher in cinacalcet group than that in control group(OR = 10.75, 95% CI: 6.65–17.37, <em>P</em><0.001). However, no significant difference was found in all-cause mortality and all adverse events between calcimimetics and control groups(OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.46–1.60, <em>P</em> = 0.630; OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.78–2.18, <em>P</em> = 0.320, respectively). Compared with the control therapy, there was a significant increase in the episodes of hypocalcemia (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.58–3.82, <em>P</em><0.001), nausea (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29–4.66, <em>P</em> = 0.006), vomiting(OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.14–3.62, <em>P</em><0.001), diarrhea(OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04–2.20, <em>P</em> = 0.030) and upper respiratory tract infection (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.20–2.66, <em>P</em> = 0.004)in calcimimetics group.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Calcimimetic treatment effectively improved biochemical parameters of SHPT patients receiving dialysis without increasing all-cause mortality and all adverse events.</p> </div

Forest plot of serum phosphate of patients treated with calcimimetics and control therapy.

<p>Studies are identified by name of the first author and year of publication. Mean differences (MDs) are pooled using the fixed-effect model and shown on a scale of −2 to 2.</p

Effect of calcimimetics and control therapy on patient-level outcomes (All-cause mortality, all adverse events, hypocalcemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, upper respiratory tract infection and headache).

<p>Abbreviations:OR, Odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval;</p

Procedure used for the trial selection.

<p>Abbreviation: RCT, randomized controlled trial.</p

Characteristics of Trials of Calcimimetic Agents for SHPT in Dialysis Patients.

<p>Abbreviations: SHPT, secondary hyperparathyroidism; iPTH, intact PTH; HD, hemodialysis; Cin, Cinacalcet; Vit, Vitamin; d, day; w, week; mo, month;</p

Forest plot of serum calcium of patients treated with calcimimetics and control therapy.

<p>Studies are identified by name of the first author and year of publication. Mean differences (MDs) are pooled using the fixed-effect model and shown on a scale of −2 to 2.</p

Recherches archéologiques au Luristan (Iran)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Comparison of demographic and baseline characteristics between patients treated with vertebroplasty (VP) and patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty (BK).

<p>Comparison of demographic and baseline characteristics between patients treated with vertebroplasty (VP) and patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty (BK).</p