Some empirical evidences on ASEAN 5 fiscal policy regime and monetary and fiscal policy interactions

The interest of common currency among Asian countries have spurred many events happening for the past few years, notably the declaration of Asian Currency Unit in 2006 by Asia Development Bank (ADB). Hence, research papers examining on the integration of monetary policies are abundance. However, paper on examining fiscal policy regime and interaction between monetary and fiscal policy on ASEAN countries, is lacking. The success of monetary union relies on the price stability of member nations. However, joining a monetary union means the lost of monetary policy sovereignty. Therefore, fiscal policy turns to be the next important tool to maintain price stability. This is reflected from the EMU countries after year 1999, where national monetary policies are completely centralized to the European Central Bank (ECB). The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) combines unity of decisions with participation of national central banks in the decision making process and implementation. Nevertheless, national fiscal policies of the member countries are still in the hands of the national governments. This paper intents to examine the type of fiscal policy regime practiced by ASEAN 5 countries. Using macro-economic data for Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, the interrelationship of government surplus/deficits and liabilities is analyzed using Correlation test, Vector Auto-regression (VAR) and Impulse response (IR) function to determine whether a Ricardian or Non-Ricardian fiscal policy has been implemented. Also, comparison of monetary and fiscal policy interactions between some EMU countries and ASEAN 5 are made. The results indicate interactions among inter EMU countries and inter ASEAN countries are generally comparable

Analysis of Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Fur Harvests in Arkansas

An investigation was conducted on gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) fur harvest in Arkansas. Data were gathered from a mail survey of Arkansas trappers and from Arkansas Game and Fish Commission fur harvest records from 1939 to 1983. Analyses of these data demonstrated: 1) gray fox were abundant statewide with lower levels in the Delta region; 2) there was a need for fox trappers to keep better records on their trapping efforts, success and composition of catch, including sex and age data; 3) market price: harvest correlation was high (r = 0.956, p \u3c .001); 4) over the past 10 years, the Ozark Mountain region provided the greatest contribution to annual fox harvests, the Ouachita Mountain and Gulf Coastal Plain regions were similar to each other, but lower than the Ozarks, and the Delta region contributed the least, but with a generally stable harvest

Asynchronous Variational Integrators

We describe a new class of asynchronous variational integrators (AVI) for nonlinear elastodynamics. The AVIs are distinguished by the following attributes: (i) The algorithms permit the selection of independent time steps in each element, and the local time steps need not bear an integral relation to each other; (ii) the algorithms derive from a spacetime form of a discrete version of Hamilton’s variational principle. As a consequence of this variational structure, the algorithms conserve local momenta and a local discrete multisymplectic structure exactly. To guide the development of the discretizations, a spacetime multisymplectic formulation of elastodynamics is presented. The variational principle used incorporates both configuration and spacetime reference variations. This allows a unified treatment of all the conservation properties of the system.A discrete version of reference configuration is also considered, providing a natural definition of a discrete energy. The possibilities for discrete energy conservation are evaluated. Numerical tests reveal that, even when local energy balance is not enforced exactly, the global and local energy behavior of the AVIs is quite remarkable, a property which can probably be traced to the symplectic nature of the algorith

Perceptions of tourists and tour guides in Singapore

Significant differences exist between tourists and professional tour guides in their perceptions of place. A survey conducted in Singapore of English-speaking foreign tourists and their local tour guides found this to be the case. Tour guides highlighted the major hotels and attractions, while downplaying less prominent sites and events. Tourists also seek the major attractions, but at the same time want a broader and more complex experience. These differences can be attributed to the roles of tourists as guests and tour guides as culture brokers, and in the behavioral space associated with these roles. Survey results demonstrate the importance of understanding these roles in international and cross-cultural tourism

Alien Registration- Wilson, Lew A. (Augusta, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18683/thumbnail.jp

Long Tail tourism: New geographies for marketing niche tourism products

The Long Tail concept refers to the Internet-based economy that has enabled company success through a focus on highly specialized services and products that are not in high volume demand, but maybe in high-value demand. The concept of the post-tourist, for example, is a Long Tail phenomenon. Long Tail marketing approaches are proving success due to advances in technology and social networking that have given more people access to a broader range of goods and services and information. The Long Tail is not without its challenges, including increased global competition, and has not abandoned geographic considerations. Geography, in fact, can help to differentiate niche products and must still be overcome to consummate the tourist experience

Consistent discretizations: the Gowdy spacetimes

We apply the consistent discretization scheme to general relativity particularized to the Gowdy space-times. This is the first time the framework has been applied in detail in a non-linear generally-covariant gravitational situation with local degrees of freedom. We show that the scheme can be correctly used to numerically evolve the space-times. We show that the resulting numerical schemes are convergent and preserve approximately the constraints as expected.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

A Study of Gaussianity in CMB band maps

The detection of non-Gaussianity in the CMB data would rule out a number of inflationary models. A null detection of non-Gaussianity, instead, would exclude alternative models for the early universe. Thus, a detection or non-detection of primordial non-Gaussianity in the CMB data is crucial to discriminate among inflationary models, and to test alternative scenarios. However, there are various non-cosmological sources of non-Gaussianity. This makes important to employ different indicators in order to detect distinct forms of non-Gaussianity in CMB data. Recently, we proposed two new indicators to measure deviation from Gaussianity on large angular scales, and used them to study the Gaussianity of the raw band WMAP maps with and without the KQ75 mask. Here we extend this work by using these indicators to perform similar analyses of deviation from Gaussianity of the foreground-reduced Q, V, and W band maps. We show that there is a significant deviation from Gaussianity in the considered full-sky maps, which is reduced to a level consistent with Gaussianity when the KQ75 mask is employed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 PS figures, uses ws-ijmpd.cls ; to be published in the International Journal of Modern Physics

The Midpoint Rule as a Variational--Symplectic Integrator. I. Hamiltonian Systems

Numerical algorithms based on variational and symplectic integrators exhibit special features that make them promising candidates for application to general relativity and other constrained Hamiltonian systems. This paper lays part of the foundation for such applications. The midpoint rule for Hamilton's equations is examined from the perspectives of variational and symplectic integrators. It is shown that the midpoint rule preserves the symplectic form, conserves Noether charges, and exhibits excellent long--term energy behavior. The energy behavior is explained by the result, shown here, that the midpoint rule exactly conserves a phase space function that is close to the Hamiltonian. The presentation includes several examples.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, REVTe