Manufacturing processes

The following issues are covered: process development frequently lags behind material development, high fabrication costs, flex joints (bellows) - a continuing program, SRM fabrication-induced defects, and in-space assembly will require simplified design

Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Phase 1 Specification Development / Paper 08S-SIW-004

Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) SIW Conference PaperThe Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) is intended to be an unambiguous language for expressing and exchanging plans, orders, and reports across command and control (C2) systems, modeling and simulation (M&S) systems, and robotics systems. In March 2006, the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) approved initiation of a Product Development Group (PDG) to generate a standard and guidance document for C-BML. The PDG laid out a 3-phase development effort to (1) specify a sufficient data model to unambiguously define a set of military orders using the Joint Command, Control, and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) as a starting point; (2) develop a formal grammar (lexicon and production rules) to formalize the definition of orders, requests, and reports; and (3) develop a formal battle management ontology to enable conceptual interoperability across software systems. This paper reports on the technical approach and status of development of the C-BML Phase 1 Specification

A low power photoemission source for electrons on liquid helium

Electrons on the surface of liquid helium are a widely studied system that may also provide a promising method to implement a quantum computer. One experimental challenge in these studies is to generate electrons on the helium surface in a reliable manner without heating the cryo-system. An electron source relying on photoemission from a zinc film has been previously described using a high power continuous light source that heated the low temperature system. This work has been reproduced more compactly by using a low power pulsed lamp that avoids any heating. About 5e3 electrons are collected on 1 cm^2 of helium surface for every pulse of light. A time-resolved experiment suggests that electrons are either emitted over or tunnel through the 1eV barrier formed by the thin superfluid helium film on the zinc surface. No evidence of trapping or bubble formation is seen.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Low Temp. Phy

Economic Policy in a More Uncertain World

The Aspen Economic Strategy Group's Annual Policy Volume Economic Policy in a More Uncertain World marks the group's 5th anniversary and is released against a backdrop historic economic and strategic uncertainty. The book's seven chapters, each written by leading experts and edited by AESG Director Melissa S. Kearney and Deputy Director Amy Ganz, provide a deep-dive on long-term economic headwinds confronting the country, including demographic changes—declining fertility and population aging—and what a smaller worker to population ratio means in terms of slower economic growth, reduced revenue, and lower productivity growth. Additional chapters on the US immigration system and US innovation policy highlight potential solutions for countering these trends.  Another chapter explores potential adverse impacts on local labor markets from the green energy transition and highlights policies to avoid repeating painful mistakes of the past, including the response to the decline of the coal industry and rise of globalization and automation. A final chapter highlights lessons learned from the unprecedented federal aid to state and local governments during the COVID-19 pandemic

A new method to explore the spectral impact of the piriform fossae on the singing voice : Benchmarking using MRI-based 3D-printed vocal tracts

The piriform fossae are the 2 pear-shaped cavities lateral to the laryngeal vestibule at the lower end of the vocal tract. They act acoustically as side-branches to the main tract, resulting in a spectral zero in the output of the human voice. This study investigates their spectral role by comparing numerical and experimental results of MRI-based 3D printed Vocal Tracts, for which a new experimental method (based on room acoustics) is introduced. The findings support results in the literature: the piriform fossae create a spectral trough in the region 4–5 kHz and act as formants repellents. Moreover, this study extends those results by demonstrating numerically and perceptually the impact of having large piriform fossae on the sung output

Joint Battle Management Language (JBML) - US Contribution to the C-BML PDG and NATO MSG-048 TA

The Joint Battle Management Language (JBML) is being developed as an unambiguous language for tasking and reporting. This paper summarizes significant US national contributions to the current SISO Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Product Development Group activities. It focuses on application of the wellknown principles of BML in the joint warfighting context to enable command and control of simulated Joint and Coalition forces. The JBML design is characterized by three layers that enable configurable solutions, not only from the information system perspective, but also from a domain-specific information exchange view. The main ideas are to assemble meaningful sentences of domain-specific information elements in an unambiguous structure that captures the commander’s intent (domain services), defined in terms of meaningful objects that compose data into information elements of general application (composite services), and represented using standardized data elements that are entities of the JC3IEDM (atomic services), which provides a standard vocabulary for all three layers. The services are implemented as Web services supporting C-BML Phase 1. The domain configuration uses a schema motivated by initial work on formal grammar, intended to support C-BML Phase 2. The Web service is configured using this domainspecific knowledge, in the form of an XML Schema Definition. The data encodings are tightly connected with the Joint Command, Control and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM), although the higher levels of JBML introduce abstractions that encapsulate the complexity of the underlying data model intended to make the consistent application of JBML as an interface language straightforward. The paper focuses on the JBML layered approach and how these elements contribute to the C-BML standardization activity and its application in the NATO Modeling & Simulation Group Technical Activity 048

Joint Battle Management Language (JBML) - US Contribution to the C-BML PDG

Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) SIW Conference PaperThe Joint Battle Management Language (JBML) is being developed as an unambiguous language for tasking and reporting. This paper summarizes significant US national contributions to the current Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Product Development Group activities. It focuses on application of the well-known principles of BML in the joint warfighting context that will support a Joint Event in 2007. The JBML design is characterized by several layers that enable configurable solutions, not only from the information system perspective, but also from a domain-specific information exchange view. The main ideas are to capture standardized data elements (atomic services), compose the elements into meaningful objects representing data in context of a general application (composite services) and use the resulting information elements to form domain-specific information elements (domain services). The services are implemented as Web services supporting C-BML Phase 1. The domain configuration is based on a general Grammar schema derived from initial work in formal languages to support C-BML Phase 2. Finally, an initial version of the domain-specific knowledge is formalized as an initial step toward the development of ontologies in C-BML Phase 3. All information exchange specifications are tightly connected with the Joint Command, Control and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM), although the higher levels of JBML introduce abstractions that encapsulate the complexity of the underlying data model intended to make the consistent application of JBML easier for the user. The paper focuses on the JBML layered approach and how these elements contribute to the C-BML standardization activity

Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Phase 1 Specification Development Progress: An Update to the M&S Community / Paper 08F-SIW-005

Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) SIW Conference PaperThe Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) is an emerging standard for expressing and exchanging plans, orders, and reports across command and control (C2) systems, modeling and simulation (M&S) systems, and robotic systems. In March 2006, the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) approved initiation of a Product Development Group (PDG) to generate C-BML specification and guidance documents. The PDG laid out a 3-phase development effort: (1) Phase 1 will specify a sufficient data model to unambiguously define a set of military orders using the Joint Command, Control, and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) as a starting point; (2) Phase 2 will develop a formal grammar (lexicon and production rules) to formalize the definition of orders, requests, and reports; and (3) Phase 3 will develop a formal battle management ontology to enable conceptual interoperability across software systems. Progress on development of the C-BML Phase 1 Specification was reported by the C-BML Drafting Group to the PDG at the Spring 2008 Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW). During that meeting, PDG members stated a number of different positions regarding the required scope of the Phase 1 Specification. The discussions resulted in a motion to initiate a Tiger Team effort to clarify the various positions and to recommend a way forward for completion of the Phase 1 Specification and Guidelines documents. This paper updates the M&S community on the work and findings of the Tiger Team

Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) Phase 1 Information Exchange Content and Structure Specification

Documents include Paper and Presentation.Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) SIW Conference PaperThe Coalition Battle Management Language (C-BML) is a common language for expressing and exchanging plans, orders, requests, and reports across command and control systems, modeling and simulation systems, and robotic systems. The Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) has approved a Product Development Group to generate a specification, guidance document, and reference implementation for the C-BML standard. The C-BML Specification Drafting Group is readying the draft specification for PDG review in preparation for balloting later in the year. To help introduce the technical details of the specification to the community, this paper describes the proposed information exchange structure and content specification.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Using Cost Estimating Relationships to Develop A Price Index for Tactical Aircraft

Annual Acquisition Research SymposiumNaval Postgraduate School Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Progra