32 research outputs found
Depressive Symptoms and 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans: The SABPA Study
Disturbances in circadian rhythm might play a central role in the neurobiology of depression. We examined the association between depressive symptoms and 24-hour ambulatory BP in a sample of 405 (197 black and 208 Caucasian) urbanized African teachers aged 25 to 60 yrs (mean 44.6 ± 9.6 yrs). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-administered 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, participants with severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 â„ 15) had higher odds of hypertension defined from ambulatory BP and/or use of antihypertensive medication (odds ratio = 2.19, 95% CI, 1.00â4.90) in comparison to participants with no symptoms. Compared to Caucasians with no depressive symptoms, those with severe symptoms had blunted nocturnal systolic BP drop of 4.7âmmHg (95% CI, â0.5 to 10.0, P = 0.07). In summary, depressive symptoms were associated with the circadian BP profile in black and Caucasian Africans
Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?
Background: While the elevated risk of suicide attempt among persons who inject drugs
(PWID) is well documented, whether use of different substances is associated with varying
degrees of risk remains unclear. We sought to examine the associations between substance use
patterns and attempted suicide in a prospective cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada.
Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, participants completed an interviewer-administered
questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic, substance use patterns, related
behaviors, and mental health markers. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the
relationship between self-reported use of six common substances (cocaine, amphetamine,
opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis and alcohol), associated patterns of use (chronic,
occasional and none), and a recent (past six-month) suicide attempt.
Results: At baseline, of 1,240 participants (median age: 39.1, 83.7% male), 71 (5.7%) reported a
recent suicide attempt. Among 5,621 observations collected during follow-up, 221 attempts were
reported by 143 (11.5%) participants. In multivariate analyses adjusting for socio-demographic
and psychosocial stressors, among primary drugs of abuse, chronic [Adjusted Odds Ratio
(AOR): 1.97] and occasional (AOR: 1.92) cocaine use, and chronic amphetamine use (AOR:
1.96) were independently associated with attempted suicide. Among co-used substances, chronic
sedative-hypnotic use was independently associated with an attempt (AOR: 2.29). No
statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances.
Conclusion: Among PWID at high risk of attempted suicide, stimulant users appear to constitute
a particularly vulnerable sub-group. While the mechanisms underlying these associations remain
to be elucidated, findings suggest that stimulant-using PWID should constitute a prime focus of
suicide prevention efforts
Ăvaluation de lâacceptabilitĂ© et de lâefficacitĂ© potentielle de lâAtelier dâautogestion de la dĂ©pression de Revivre. Rapport de recherche.
Ce rapport prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude pilote de lâAtelier dâAutogestion de la DĂ©pression (AAD) de Revivre, une intervention de groupe comportant dix sĂ©ances. Afin dâestimer lâefficacitĂ© potentielle de lâAAD, nous avons mesurĂ© les changements survenus chez les participants entre le dĂ©but et la fin de lâatelier, tant sur le plan de leurs symptĂŽmes de dĂ©pression que de leur connaissance de la dĂ©pression, de leurs comportements dâautogestion, de leur sentiment dâauto-efficacitĂ© et de leur adhĂ©sion au traitement par antidĂ©presseur. Nous avons Ă©galement documentĂ©, de maniĂšre qualitative, les perceptions des participants et des animateurs quant aux effets de lâatelier, ainsi que leur apprĂ©ciation de son format, de son contenu, de la formule de groupe et de lâanimation.\ud
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Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que les symptĂŽmes de dĂ©pression â mesurĂ©s par deux instruments diffĂ©rents â diminuent significativement entre le dĂ©but et la fin de lâatelier. Cette diminution se poursuit quatre mois plus tard, bien que de façon moins prononcĂ©e. Aucune des caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques (sexe, Ăąge, scolaritĂ©, revenu) ou cliniques (sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des symptĂŽmes au moment de lâentrĂ©e dans lâĂ©tude, nombre dâĂ©pisodes dĂ©pressifs antĂ©rieurs, prise dâantidĂ©presseurs, psychothĂ©rapie au cours de la derniĂšre annĂ©e, comorbiditĂ© physique et psychopathologique) des participants nâinfluence de maniĂšre significative la diminution des symptĂŽmes dĂ©pressifs. Toutefois, le groupe auquel ils ont participĂ© influence les rĂ©sultats obtenus.\ud
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LâAAD a Ă©tĂ© trĂšs apprĂ©ciĂ© par les participants. Leurs connaissances Ă propos de la dĂ©pression, leur sentiment dâauto-efficacitĂ© quant Ă la gestion de leur dĂ©pression et leurs comportements dâautogestion ont augmentĂ© significativement entre le dĂ©but et la fin de lâatelier. Lâatelier ne semble toutefois pas avoir eu dâimpact sur lâadhĂ©sion au traitement par antidĂ©presseur, qui Ă©tait dĂ©jĂ Ă©levĂ©e au moment de lâentrĂ©e dans lâĂ©tude. \ud
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En somme, bien quâil soit impossible dâattribuer avec certitude les effets observĂ©s Ă lâatelier (en raison de lâabsence dâun groupe tĂ©moin permettant de contrĂŽler pour lâeffet du passage du temps, mais Ă©galement des entrevues inhĂ©rentes au processus de recherche), les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude pilote sont prometteurs. Ils encouragent Ă poursuivre la validation de lâatelier et sa diffusion auprĂšs de personnes souffrant de dĂ©pression
Translating the BDI and BDI-II into the HAMD and vice versa with equipercentile linking
Abstract
Aims
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) are the most frequently used observer-rated and self-report scales of depression, respectively. It is important to know what a given total score or a change score from baseline on one scale means in relation to the other scale.
Methods
We obtained individual participant data from the randomised controlled trials of psychological and pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorders. We then identified corresponding scores of the HAMD and the BDI (369 patients from seven trials) or the BDI-II (683 patients from another seven trials) using the equipercentile linking method.
Results
The HAMD total scores of 10, 20 and 30 corresponded approximately with the BDI scores of 10, 27 and 42 or with the BDI-II scores of 13, 32 and 50. The HAMD change scores of â20 and â10 with the BDI of â29 and â15 and with the BDI-II of â35 and â16.
Conclusions
The results can help clinicians interpret the HAMD or BDI scores of their patients in a more versatile manner and also help clinicians and researchers evaluate such scores reported in the literature or the database, when scores on only one of these scales are provided. We present a conversion table for future research
La revue Santé mentale au Québec : des savoirs partagés en français
The Revue Santé mentale au Québec (RSMQ) purpose is to contribute to the mental health knowledge dissemination and acquisition by adding much-needed cultural diversity to a scientific world community dominated by English-speaking journals. The RSMQ leadership wish to expand its societal impact and scientific outreach by working with its institutional partners to attract researchers and clinical practitioners across the world wishing to share their passions for learning in French