3 research outputs found
Sustainable ferry traffic : A comparative analysis between battery and hydrogen propulsion in Gotlandsbolaget's ferries
I samband med klimatmaÌlet att Sverige ska ha ett netto-noll utslaÌpp av vaÌxthusgaser till 2045 kraÌvs det att alla sektorer minskar sina vaÌxthusgasutslaÌpp och av sektorerna utgoÌr sjoÌfarten inrikes en mindre men fortfarande betydande del. TvaÌ omtalade foÌrnyelsebara driftstyper aÌr batteri- och vaÌtgasdrift, som har potential att ersaÌtta fossila braÌnslen. Med haÌnsyn till detta syftar rapporten till att jaÌmfoÌra dessa tvaÌ driftsformer, utifraÌn ett haÌllbarhetsperspektiv, i Gotlandsbolagets faÌrjor. JaÌmfoÌrelseanalysen grundar sig i en kvantitativ litteraturstudie samt i form av en intervju och mejlkonversationer. I resultatet har aspekter som energibehov, vikt, utrymme, hastighet, infrastruktur och koldioxidutslaÌpp undersoÌkts. GaÌllande diskussionsdelen avhandlas bland annat behovet av en energimaÌssig marginal, betydelsen av fossilfri el foÌr respektive driftsform, dimensionering av en ny elkabel till Gotland samt omraÌden som boÌr utredas vidare. Av rapporten kan det bland annat konstateras att vaÌtgasdrift ger upphov till laÌgre vaÌxthusgasutslaÌpp vid en svensk elmix medan den vid nordisk elmix ger upphov till mer utslaÌpp jaÌmfoÌrt med batteridrift. En konvertering av faÌrjan M/S Drotten aÌr troligen moÌjlig att genomfoÌra utifraÌn de valda aspekterna. In correlation with the climate goal that Sweden should have a net-zero emission of greenhouse gasses by 2045, it is required that all sectors reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Of all the sectors, domestic shipping is a small but still significant part. Two well-known renewable operating propulsions are battery and hydrogen, which have the potential to substitute fossil fuels. With this in mind, the report aims to compare these two propulsions from a sustainability perspective in Gotlandsbolagetâs ferries. The comparison analysis is based on a quantitative literature study, an interview and email conversations. In the result, aspects such as energy demand, weight, space, speed, infrastructure and carbon dioxide emissions have been investigated. Moreover, in the discussion part, aspects such as an energy margin, the importance of fossil-free electricity for both propulsions, designing of a new power cable to Gotland, and areas that should be investigated further have been touched upon. From the report, it can be stated, among other things, that hydrogen propulsion results in lower greenhouse gas emissions when a Swedish electricity mix is used. However, when a Nordic electricity mix is used, which has higher emissions than the Swedish, hydrogen propulsion results in higher greenhouse gas emissions compared to battery propulsion. Lastly, a conversion of the ferry M/S Drotten is probably possible based on the selected aspects.
Sustainable ferry traffic : A comparative analysis between battery and hydrogen propulsion in Gotlandsbolaget's ferries
I samband med klimatmaÌlet att Sverige ska ha ett netto-noll utslaÌpp av vaÌxthusgaser till 2045 kraÌvs det att alla sektorer minskar sina vaÌxthusgasutslaÌpp och av sektorerna utgoÌr sjoÌfarten inrikes en mindre men fortfarande betydande del. TvaÌ omtalade foÌrnyelsebara driftstyper aÌr batteri- och vaÌtgasdrift, som har potential att ersaÌtta fossila braÌnslen. Med haÌnsyn till detta syftar rapporten till att jaÌmfoÌra dessa tvaÌ driftsformer, utifraÌn ett haÌllbarhetsperspektiv, i Gotlandsbolagets faÌrjor. JaÌmfoÌrelseanalysen grundar sig i en kvantitativ litteraturstudie samt i form av en intervju och mejlkonversationer. I resultatet har aspekter som energibehov, vikt, utrymme, hastighet, infrastruktur och koldioxidutslaÌpp undersoÌkts. GaÌllande diskussionsdelen avhandlas bland annat behovet av en energimaÌssig marginal, betydelsen av fossilfri el foÌr respektive driftsform, dimensionering av en ny elkabel till Gotland samt omraÌden som boÌr utredas vidare. Av rapporten kan det bland annat konstateras att vaÌtgasdrift ger upphov till laÌgre vaÌxthusgasutslaÌpp vid en svensk elmix medan den vid nordisk elmix ger upphov till mer utslaÌpp jaÌmfoÌrt med batteridrift. En konvertering av faÌrjan M/S Drotten aÌr troligen moÌjlig att genomfoÌra utifraÌn de valda aspekterna. In correlation with the climate goal that Sweden should have a net-zero emission of greenhouse gasses by 2045, it is required that all sectors reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Of all the sectors, domestic shipping is a small but still significant part. Two well-known renewable operating propulsions are battery and hydrogen, which have the potential to substitute fossil fuels. With this in mind, the report aims to compare these two propulsions from a sustainability perspective in Gotlandsbolagetâs ferries. The comparison analysis is based on a quantitative literature study, an interview and email conversations. In the result, aspects such as energy demand, weight, space, speed, infrastructure and carbon dioxide emissions have been investigated. Moreover, in the discussion part, aspects such as an energy margin, the importance of fossil-free electricity for both propulsions, designing of a new power cable to Gotland, and areas that should be investigated further have been touched upon. From the report, it can be stated, among other things, that hydrogen propulsion results in lower greenhouse gas emissions when a Swedish electricity mix is used. However, when a Nordic electricity mix is used, which has higher emissions than the Swedish, hydrogen propulsion results in higher greenhouse gas emissions compared to battery propulsion. Lastly, a conversion of the ferry M/S Drotten is probably possible based on the selected aspects.
Analys av batterielektrisk framdrivning för Stockholms offentliga sjötransporter : En fallstudie av det konceptuella passagerarfartyget Dagsmeja
Decarbonizing Swedenâs transport sector is crucial to achieving Swedenâs greenhouse gas reduction goals until 2030 and 2045 as it accounts for one-third of Swedenâs total domestic greenhouse gas emissions. Among the transport sector, maritime vessels are an example that needs to be decarbonized and, as a response, electric solutions have risen as one solution due to the potential benefits, such as greenhouse gas reductions and improved air quality. Thus, investigating how battery-electric propulsion can assist in the transition toward a sustainable maritime sector is of significance. Considering this, the thesis investigates the opportunities and trade-offs between diesel and battery-electric propulsion for a conceptual passenger vessel in the Stockholm archipelago. More specifically, the thesis evaluates technical, environmental, and economic aspects of distinct battery-electric and diesel propulsion alternatives through a life cycle assessment study and life cycle costing analysis. The conducted thesis demonstrates the potential viability of battery-electric propulsion for Stockholmâs public transport. Implementing battery-electric vessels reduces carbon dioxide emissions and pollutants, but results in higher environmental contribution in other areas such as ecotoxicity and land use. Economically, considering the distinct differences between the configurations and without taking into account infrastructure expenses, the battery-electric configurations offer lower long-term costs despite higher initial investments. In addition, the thesis discusses maritime electrification in a broader context, highlighting aspects outside of the studyâs scope such as charging infrastructure, social issues related to battery metal extractions, and geopolitical concerns. Therefore, by addressing technical, environmental, economic, as well as other impacts, this thesis provides essential insight from a holistic perspective, guiding policymakers and stakeholders toward a greener future.Att minska koldioxidutslĂ€ppen i Sveriges transportsektor Ă€r avgörande för att uppnĂ„ Sveriges miljömĂ„l med fokus pĂ„ vĂ€xthusgaser till 2030 och 2045 eftersom den stĂ„r för en tredjedel av Sveriges totala inhemska utslĂ€pp av vĂ€xthusgaser. Inom transportsektorn Ă€r fartyg ett exempel som behöver minska sina koldioxidutslĂ€pp och som en respons har batterielektrisk drift kommit upp som en lösning med tanke pĂ„ de potentiella fördelarna som det kan ge upphov till sĂ„som minskning av vĂ€xthusgaser och förbĂ€ttrad luftkvalitet. Med hĂ€nsyn till detta undersöker denna avhandling möjligheterna och avvĂ€gningarna mellan diesel och batterielektrisk framdrivning för ett konceptuellt passagerarfartyg i Stockholms skĂ€rgĂ„rd. Mer specifikt utvĂ€rderar avhandlingen tekniska, miljömĂ€ssiga och ekonomiska aspekter av distinkta batterielektriska- och dieselframdrivningsalternativ genom en livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys. Det genomförda examensarbetet visar den potentiella betydelsen av batteridriven framdrivning för Stockholms maritima kollektivtrafik. Att implementera batterielektriska fartyg minskar exempelvis koldioxidutslĂ€pp och luftföroreningar, men ger upphov till en högre miljömĂ€ssig pĂ„verkan inom andra omrĂ„den sĂ„som ekotoxicitet och markanvĂ€ndning. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv och med ett fokus pĂ„ distinkta skillnader mellan konfigurationerna samt utan att ta hĂ€nsyn till kostnader inom infrastruktur erbjuder de batterielektriska konfigurationerna lĂ€gre lĂ„ngsiktiga kostnader trots högre initiala investeringar. Dessutom diskuterar avhandlingen marin elektrifiering i ett bredare sammanhang och lyfter fram aspekter utanför studiens avgrĂ€nsningar sĂ„som laddningsinfrastruktur, sociala frĂ„gor relaterat till batterimetallutvinning och geopolitiska problem. Med det sagt, genom att ta upp tekniska, miljömĂ€ssiga, ekonomiska och andra relevanta effekter ger denna avhandling insikter ur ett holistiskt perspektiv som kan vĂ€gleda beslutsfattare och intressenter mot en grönare framtid