Multinational Corporations as a Vehicle for Productivity Spillovers in Turkey

This paper examines the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) as the creator and diffuser of new and superior technologies. If these firms fulfil this attributed role, then they are expected to generate some spillovers to domestic industries in host economies. Theoretical and empirical studies propose that domestic technological capability is also important in this process. Our study addresses the question of productivity spillovers from the activity of MNCs, whether size of the recipient firms and the R&D intensity matter in this respect, and do spillovers change by time. The analysis utilizes a longitudinal data for the Turkish manufacturing industry in 28 3- digit level industries over the 1983-2000 period. Our results suggest that the spillovers from MNCs for the domestic sector of the Turkish manufacturing industry differentiate with respect to size of the recipient domestic firms and by time. Despite that, the evidence tends to speak in favor of negative spillovers in the Turkish manufacturing industry.Productivity spillovers, Multinational Corporations, Turkey.

The inter-industry employment effects of technological change

WOS: 000388423100008This paper analyzes the inter-industry effects of a technological change on the employment in the Turkish manufacturing industry case over the 1985-1998 period. The inter-industry effects are calculated using input-output tables; the technological change is estimated as the growth of total factor productivity. The calculated simple employment multipliers show that the textile and garment industry has the highest capacity to generate employment in all manufacturing industries via intra-and inter-industry linkages. The study suggests that there is a labor substitution on the production employees whereas the forward linkages induced by technological change in other industries have positive effects. However, there is no evidence regarding the backward linkages. The technological change has a positive effect on the administrative employees but a negative effect on the production labor in the skilled labor intensive industries.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107K384]I am grateful to Erol Taymaz and Anil Duman for their valuable comments and advices, and to Ebru Voyvoda, who generously shared her work on the harmonization of industries between the input-output tables and the international standard classification (ISIC). The financial support provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with project no. 107K384 is greatly acknowledged. Earlier versions of this paper were presented in North American Productivity Workshop VI, June 3-5, 2010, Houston, USA, and at a departmental seminar Oviedo University, Spain. I also thank the participants of both events for their comments. The usual disclaimer applies

Teknolojik yetenek ve iktisadi büyüme : Türkiye'deki imalat sanayileri üzerine bir çalışma

This thesis was motivated by the importance of technological capability for economic growth process in developing countries. The main objective of this study is to analyze the creation of technological capability in the Turkish manufacturing industry; and to set out opportunities and impediments for technological development by ascribing special emphasis to MNCs in this process within the framework of national innovation system. The technology policy advice relying on attracting foreign firms is also questioned. In order to shed light on how technological capability is accumulated in the Turkish manufacturing industry; and to understand the role that MNCs play in this process, the thesis investigates static and dynamic spillover effects of MNCs in the Turkish manufacturing industry. The study also focuses on the factors that determine innovativeness of, and the technology transfer by the firms in Turkey, and the role of MNCs in this context. The probable effects of firm and technology specific characteristics such as size and technology level are taken into consideration in the analyses. Our results suggest that foreign firms are superior to domestic firms in many respects. There are no horizontal or vertical spillovers from MNCs in Turkey for the 1983-2000 period. We found lagged positive horizontal spillovers, though. However, these spillovers are far beyond to register a net dynamic benefit for the whole Turkish manufacturing industry to be felt in the current period. This lagged spillover is found for large firms; and one can mention net dynamic positive spillovers for the large firms. We also found positive spillovers from labor transfer from MNCs to domestic firms for the 1995 and 2000 period. We conclude that technological capability is limited in domestic firms; and it can be improved by on-the-job training and general education policies as well as increasingPh.D. - Doctoral Progra

Türkiye Ekonomisinin 2019 Krizi: Neo-liberalizm, Yapısal Reformlar, Yeni-Bağımlılık, vs.

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A Comparison of the Efficiency in Manufacturing in the Centre and Periphery of Europe

The objective of this paper is to estimate efficiency in manufacturing activities in some selected countries in Europe and to provide an answer to the question of whether or not contiguity to an efficient country contributes to the efficiency levels of manufacturing industries. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) is conducted for a limited sample of countries in the periphery and centre of Europe for this purpose. Our estimates show that the more efficient manufacturing industries in our sample are generally in centre countries. Peripheral countries have also increased their efficiency levels some of which were quite low in the beginning of the period. The spatial correlation analysis provided a weak evidence for the spatial dependence of efficiencies, thus a weak base for the argument such that countries were affected by the more efficient manufacturing activity around them. A wider sample of countries may provide stronger evidence, though.Efficiency, manufacturing industry, spatial spillovers

Intellectual property rights and global imitation chains: the north-south-east model

WOS: 000471724700009This study investigates the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on economies by proposing a three-pole global economy model. The main proposition of the study is that the classical two-pole approach (north-south) does not reflect the technological heterogeneity and conflicts within the developing world. Therefore, a three-pole world economy model which consists of the following regions has been designed; the north which innovates the northern products, the east which innovates the eastern products and also tries to imitate the northern products, and lastly, the south which tries to imitate both the eastern products and the northern products that have been already imitated by the east. Thus, the model suggests a world system depending on global imitation chains. The numeric simulation results reveal firstly, the northern region benefits from tighter IPR policies in any case; secondly, stronger protection of IPR certainly exerts negative effects in the south while it brings benefits the eastern region in a way that highlights the main contribution of the paper

Dynamic capability, innovation networks and foreign firms: the Turkish case

WOS: 00028385300000