Körper, Leistung, Selbstdarstellung

Die Auseinandersetzung mit weiblichen Körpern im TV ist durch einen kritischen Tenor geprägt, der implizit oder explizit den Medieninhalt als konstituierend für dessen Rezeption zugrunde legt. Vernachlässigt wird dabei, dass Medientexte weniger Normierungen liefern, als vielmehr gesellschaftlich vorhandene Normalisierungen widerspiegeln. Lena Schurzmann-Leder zeigt anhand ihrer Analysen und Gruppendiskussionen mit jugendlichen Zuschauerinnen von Germany's Next Topmodel, dass das weibliche Aussehen in den eigenen Lebenswelten zwar eine zentrale Rolle spielt, in der Sendung aber nur peripher interessiert. Hochbedeutsam sind stattdessen Leistungsethiken im Radius von Leistung-Lernen-Können und disziplinierte, kontextangemessene Selbsthervorbringung

Healthy dietary patterns, lipids and inflammation in human randomized controlled trials

Healthy dietary patterns have been subject of considerable attention in recent years. A healthyNordic dietmay improve cardiovascular risk factors and thereby prevent cardiovascular diseases. In order to reduce plasma cholesterol and disease risk, one central aspect of the healthy Nordic diet is the combination of reduced dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, although the effect of dietary fat quality on plasma cholesterol concentration is well established, the effects and mechanisms of whole diets on plasma lipids and inflammation are less examined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of healthy dietary patterns on lipids and inflammation with special focus on fat quality in populations with cardiometabolic risk. Two randomized controlled dietary intervention studies were included in this thesis. In an eight-week double-blinded study, healthy adults aged 25-70 years with moderate hypercholesterolemia were assigned to an experimental diet or a control diet. The experimental diet group received commercially available food items in which saturated fat was replaced by vegetable sunflower and rapeseed oil. The control diet group received similar commercial food items with a higher content of saturated fat and lower content of polyunsaturated fat. In an 18-24 week, Nordic multi-center study, subjects between 30-65 years with features of metabolic syndrome were assigned to follow a healthy Nordic diet or an isocaloric control diet. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Exchanging food products with improved fat quality reduced total- and LDLcholesterol by 9% and 11%, respectively, and increased the serum levels of bile acid, but we did not detect an effect on circulating inflammatory markers. The cholesterol-lowering effect observed seemed to be induced by a change in mRNA expression of the LDL receptor, potentially leading to increased cholesterol in the cell, increasing mRNA expression of liver X receptor alpha (LXRA) and LXRA target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The increase in serum bile acid may reflect increased LXRA activity in liver, and thus our data confirm that changes in gene expression in PBMCs reflect changes in hepatic lipid metabolism, as has been shown by others. A long-term healthy Nordic diet modified the expression of genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism in PBMCs after a 2h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals at risk of metabolic diseases. In conclusion, a healthy Nordic diet and an improvement of the fat quality, as part of a healthy dietary pattern, has positive effects on a variety of markers of cardiovascular diseases and on the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation

Körper, Leistung, Selbstdarstellung: Medienaneignung jugendlicher Zuschauerinnen von Germany's Next Topmodel

Die Auseinandersetzung mit weiblichen Körpern im TV ist durch einen kritischen Tenor geprägt, der implizit oder explizit den Medieninhalt als konstituierend für dessen Rezeption zugrunde legt. Vernachlässigt wird dabei, dass Medientexte weniger Normierungen liefern, als vielmehr gesellschaftlich vorhandene Normalisierungen widerspiegeln. Die Autorin zeigt anhand ihrer Analysen und Gruppendiskussionen mit jugendlichen Zuschauerinnen von Germany's Next Topmodel, dass das weibliche Aussehen in den eigenen Lebenswelten zwar eine zentrale Rolle spielt, in der Sendung aber nur peripher interessiert. Hochbedeutsam sind stattdessen Leistungsethiken im Radius von Leistung-Lernen-Können und disziplinierte, kontextangemessene Selbsthervorbringung

Experiencing Beauty in Everyday Life

Beauty surrounds us in many ways every day. In 3 experience sampling (ESM) studies we investigated frequency, category of eliciting stimuli (natural vs human-made) and, the potential moderating role of several individual difference measures of such everyday experiences of beauty in an ecologically valid manner. Further, we explored the impact of such experiences on valence & arousal. Study 1 re-analysed data from a previous study, in line with the current aims. In Studies 2 and 3, we asked participants to report daily experiences of beauty using a mixed random and event-contingent sampling schedule. Mobile notifications (random sampling) prompted participants to take a photo and rate the beauty of their surroundings. Further, current valence and arousal were assessed. Notification frequency and total days of participation differed between these two studies. Participants were able to report additional experiences outside of the notification windows (event-contingent sampling). Our results indicate that we frequently encounter beauty in everyday life and that we find it in nature, in particular. Our results further suggest a mood-boosting effect of encounters with beauty. Lastly, our results indicate influences of individual differences however, these were inconclusive and require further attention

Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for three days: a randomised crossover trial

Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.publishedVersio

Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for three days: a randomised crossover trial

Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals

Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for three days: a randomised crossover trial

Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals

Delayed postprandial TAG peak after intake of SFA compared with PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: A randomised controlled trial

Postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia is associated with an increased risk of developing CVD. How fat quality influences postprandial lipid response is scarcely explored in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial response of TAG and lipid sub-classes after consumption of high-fat meals with different fat quality in subjects with FH compared with normolipidaemic controls. A randomised controlled double-blind cross-over study with two meals and two groups was performed. A total of thirteen hypercholesterolaemic subjects with FH who discontinued lipid-lowering treatment 4 weeks before and during the study, and fourteen normolipidaemic controls, were included. Subjects were aged 18–30 years and had a BMI of 18·5–30·0 kg/m2. Each meal consisted of a muffin containing 60 g (70 E%) of fat, either mainly SFA (40 E%) or PUFA (40 E%), eaten in a random order with a wash-out period of 3–5 weeks between the meals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasting) and 2, 4 and 6 h after intake of the meals. In both FH and control subjects, the level of TAG and the largest VLDL sub-classes peaked at 2 h after intake of PUFA and at 4 h after intake of SFA. No significant differences were found in TAG levels between meals or between groups (0·25≤P≤0·72). The distinct TAG peaks may reflect differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism after intake of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degrees of saturation. The clinical impact of these findings remains to be determined