Självskadebeteende- en kvalitativ studie om behandling inom Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin

Self-harm behaviour seems to increase among adolescents but the research of which methods of treatment that is effective is poor. The purpose of this study was to get an understanding of how adolescents with self-harm behaviour are treated at psychiatric clinics (Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, BUP). We wanted to know how self-harm behaviour is defined, which methods of treatment are used and the important parts of it and also what the goal with the treatment is. We used a qualitative method and performed telephone interviews with seven different persons at BUP in different municipalities who work with self-harm behaviour. As a help to understand and analyze the material we have used the attachment theory and the concept of acting space. The result shows that there is a problem in defining self-harm behaviour which also often is combined with an eating-disorder, depression or anxiety. According to the interviewed, adolescents with self-harm behaviour often have problems with relations or a trauma causing the self-harm behaviour. Different methods are used to treat self-harm behaviour at the different clinics but even within the same clinic the methods vary. Within the studied clinics they seem to rely much of their own experience instead of research of treatment for self-harm behaviour

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Can the APO method be used for measuring soft data?: A pilot study.

Objectives. The aims were to develop auditing according to the APO (Audit Project Odense) method for measuring soft data, exemplified by a holistic view, and to test the instrument. Design. A descriptive study of the development of an APO chart and a test registration. Setting. Primary health care, Blekinge County, Sweden. Subjects. Ten general practitioners (GPs) were invited to transform categories of the concept of a holistic view obtained in an earlier study, into 30 variables on an APO registration chart. The participants chose to study different kinds of knowledge as aspects of holistic care. Main outcome measure. An APO registration chart and test of the instrument. Results. After three meetings the group had drawn up an APO registration chart supplemented with Likert scales. A pilot audit was performed. Eight doctors registered 255 consultations. In assessment of the patients' problems, factual medical knowledge was important in 83% of the cases, familiarity in 53%, and a capacity for judgement in 36%. In decision-making factual medical knowledge was used in 88% and capacity for judgement in 58%. A holistic view was necessary for the outcome in 43% and valuable in 25%. The GPs used the Likert scales in a majority of the cases. Conclusions. In this first step in developing an instrument, the results indicate that the APO method could be an alternative for studying what happens in the consultation, and the occurrence of an abstract phenomenon such as the use of different kinds of knowledge as part of a holistic view

Den allvarliga lärarbristen i Sverige - hur kunde detta hända och vad kan vi göra?

I denna artikel redovisas troliga orsaker till den omfattande lärarbristen i Sverige och möjligheter att lösa den på längre sikt. Data är baserat på en omfattande litteraturöversikt och en webbundersökning. Den teoretiska förankringen återfinns i tre styrningsteorier och dess konsekvenser för det studerade området. Resultatet visar att lärarbristen kan spåras minst 50 år tillbaka i tiden och att orsakerna är många och komplexa, exempelvis många olika reformer, försämrade villkor, låg status för yrket och New Public Management som styrningsfilosofi. Möjligheterna att lösa problemen på lång sikt är flera: högre löner, bättre arbetsvillkor, stärkt professionsidentitet, högre status samt flexibla vägar att studera till lärare.

Teacher shortage in Sweden: time to take action?

In Sweden, the lack of teachers is a national challenge and a societal problem, and the difference between supply and demand for teacher students will increase until 2035. Today, only 7 out of 10 teachers in compulsory school have certification and the variation between schools and regions is great. The overall aim of this article is to explore and analyse the current state of teacher shortage in Sweden. Document analysis was used for reviewing, evaluating and analysing documents, and constructionist thematic analysis was adopted. The results show that there are many different, overlapping or similar factors behind the Swedish teacher shortage and are related to reforms, retention and recruitment. Several curriculum and teacher education reforms have changed and deteriorating work environments and have led to many dropouts for the profession. Low status and the constant poor picture the media portray of Swedish schools and teachers have a strong impact on Sweden’s teacher shortage. Further, political reforms on communalization, decentralization, teacher certification and privatization of schools have changed the structural conditions. Therefore, we call for a change in the attitude towards the teaching profession. Thus, this article provides insights for teachers, teacher educators, policy makers and other stakeholders on the national and international level

Geomorphology and surficial geology of the Femmilsjøen area, northern Spitsbergen

Climate change is amplified in the Arctic, and establishing baseline data for its current character is important. Here we present a map of the geomorphology of the Femmilsjøen area, Spitsbergen, northern Svalbard. The regional physiography is characterised by a low-relief, high elevation mountain plateau, its high-relief steep slopes, and low-relief coastal lowlands. The results indicate that glaciers were most likely warm-based and erosive in the low terrain, whereas there are signatures of colder, less erosive ice on the plateaus during the Late Weichselian. Our study highlights the ongoing glacial and periglacial morphological processes in an area of hard and weathering-resistant bedrock, situated in northern Svalbard

Prediction of post-radiotherapy recurrence volumes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using 3D U-Net segmentation

Locoregional recurrences (LRR) are still a frequent site of treatment failure for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Identification of high risk subvolumes based on pretreatment imaging is key to biologically targeted radiation therapy. We investigated the extent to which a Convolutional neural network (CNN) is able to predict LRR volumes based on pre-treatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans in HNSCC patients and thus the potential to identify biological high risk volumes using CNNs. For 37 patients who had undergone primary radiotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, five oncologists contoured the relapse volumes on recurrence CT scans. Datasets of pre-treatment FDG-PET/CT, gross tumour volume (GTV) and contoured relapse for each of the patients were randomly divided into training (n=23), validation (n=7) and test (n=7) datasets. We compared a CNN trained from scratch, a pre-trained CNN, a SUVmax threshold approach, and using the GTV directly. The SUVmax threshold method included 5 out of the 7 relapse origin points within a volume of median 4.6 cubic centimetres (cc). Both the GTV contour and best CNN segmentations included the relapse origin 6 out of 7 times with median volumes of 28 and 18 cc respectively. The CNN included the same or greater number of relapse volume POs, with significantly smaller relapse volumes. Our novel findings indicate that CNNs may predict LRR, yet further work on dataset development is required to attain clinically useful prediction accuracy

Identificação, dinâmica da produção e potencial de uso do feromônio de agregação de Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)

Orientador : Paulo H.G. ZarbinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentraçao: EntomologiaResumo: A pesquisa objetivou identificar, determinar a dinâmica da produção e avaliar o potencial de uso do feromônio de agregação de Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), visando à possibilidade do uso desta alternativa no monitoramento e controle desta praga. O estudo consistiu em três fases, sendo a primeira envolvendo a criação dos insetos; a segunda a obtenção dos voláteis dos insetos e avaliação destes no comportamento dos co-específicos e a terceira abrangendo isolamento, identificação e avaliação da atividade biológica do feromônio sintético em laboratório. Ações complementares de pesquisa ainda foram desenvolvidas como a determinação da dinâmica da produção do feromônio e avaliação da captura dos espécimes em armadilhas a campo. Os principais resultados foram: machos e fêmeas são mais atraídos para voláteis de insetos machos adicionado a partes da planta hospedeira (caule fresco do mamoeiro), sugerindo ação sinergística e potencializando a atratividade de co-específicos; a liberação do feromônio inicia a partir do 18o DAE (dias após a emergência) e ocorre durante a escotofase, sendo observado o pico de produção 4 - 6 h após o seu início; machos virgens e acasalados são semelhantes quanto à produção de feromônio e esta é dependente da planta hospedeira; a duração da produção ocorre até aos 105 DAE; o feromônio é do tipo agregação; grandisal, grandisol e papaianol (composto majoritário, intermediário e minoritário, respectivamente), constituem as substâncias feromonais da espécie; as misturas ternárias e grandisal mostraram ser biologicamente ativos na atratividade de co-específicos; armadilhas colocadas a 1,50 m de altura capturaram mais espécimes em condições de campo.Abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the aggregation pheromone the papaya weevil, Pseudopiazurus obesus (Boheman, 1838), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in order to develop new monitoring and control methods against this pest. The study is based in three stages. The first stage was the rearing of papaya weevil; in the second stage, volatiles were obtained from males and females adults to be evaluated biological activity its in behavioral of the weevils; the third stage experiments were carried out isolation and identification of the aggregation pheromone and to evaluate the biological activity this compounds in behavioral of weevils. The main results was: male and female adults were attracted to volatiles obtained from male adults plus trunk pieces of the host plant. These results demonstrate that host plant volatiles, promote a sinergistic effect when added to male extracts; the male adults are the main responsible for the pheromone release, which starts from the 18th day after emerging; pheromone emission occurs at the scotophase, with a higher emission from 4h to 6h after the onset of the scotophase; there is no difference between pheromone emission from virgim or mated males, but there is difference among volatiles collected from males with or without food; pheromone release is affected by the food quality and decrease within time; occurring until the 105 day of life; three male-specific compounds: grandisal (main pheromone component), grandisol and papaianol are the pheromonals compounds; the ternary mixtures and grandisal show biological activity in both sexes of the papaya weevil; traps localized in 1,50 meter higher show best performance in the captures of weevils in field conditions

Postglacial relative sea level change and glacier activity in the early and late Holocene:Wahlenbergfjorden, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard

Publisher's version (útgefin grein).Sediment cores from Kløverbladvatna, a threshold lake in Wahlenbergfjorden, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard were used to reconstruct Holocene glacier fluctuations. Meltwater from Etonbreen spills over a threshold to the lake, only when the glacier is significantly larger than at present. Lithological logging, loss-on-ignition, ITRAX scanning and radiocarbon dating of the cores show that Kløverbladvatna became isolated from Wahlenbergfjorden c. 5.4 cal. kyr BP due to glacioisostatic rebound. During the Late Holocene, laminated clayey gyttja from lacustrine organic production and surface runoff from the catchment accumulated in the lake. The lacustrine sedimentary record suggests that meltwater only spilled over the threshold at the peak of the surge of Etonbreen in AD 1938. Hence, we suggest that this was the largest extent of Etonbreen in the (mid-late) Holocene. In Palanderbukta, a tributary fjord to Wahlenbergfjorden, raised beaches were surveyed and organic material collected to determine the age of the beaches and reconstruct postglacial relative sea level change. The age of the postglacial raised beaches ranges from 10.7 cal. kyr BP at 50 m a.s.l. to 3.13 cal. kyr BP at 2 m a.s.l. The reconstructed postglacial relative sea level curve adds valuable spatial and chronological data to the relative sea level record of Nordaustlandet.Sveinn Brynjólfsson and Sara Mollie Cohen are thanked for field assistance. Fieldwork and radiocarbon dates were funded by the Carlsberg Foundation (CF14-0756 to Schomacker) and Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), respectively. Geospatial support was provided by the Polar Geospatial Center, and DEM(s) were created from DigitalGlobe, Inc., imagery and funded under National Science Foundation awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. We thank Ole Bennike, Svend Funder, Antony Ruter, and Peter Ilsøe for macrofossil identification and lab assistance. The manuscript benefited from constructive review comments from Andy Emery. The publication charges for this article have been funded by a grant from the publication fund of UiT The Arctic University of Norway.Peer Reviewe