The Physicians and Surgeons of Koper from the 14th to the 17th Century

Koper stands out among Istrian towns of the nordeastern Adriatic coast for its highly advanced medicine. Communal service developed between the 13th and 15th century. Beside the hospital, almshouse and a quarantine, the city also boasted highly trained physicians, surgeons and barbers. Trade, crafts and navigation prospered and numerous town intellectuals established an academy whose most active members were medical doctors. The aim of this article is to give a chronological presentation of physicians related to Koper by their birth or work and of other scientists who contributed to the development of local medicine. These includes (about forty names) S. Santorio, Ser Benvenuto, P. P. Vergerio, G. Nuzio, F. Nuzio, P. de Castaldi, I. de Albertis, L. Zarotti, B. Petronio, I. Bratti, Z. Zarotti, A.Valdera, G. Vergerio and C. Zarotti of whom some are well known. The author wishes to systematisize the bibliography, fill the gaps and show ways for further research in the archives and museums of Istria, Triest, Venice and Vienna

The Physicians and Surgeons of Koper from the 14th to the 17th Century

Koper stands out among Istrian towns of the nordeastern Adriatic coast for its highly advanced medicine. Communal service developed between the 13th and 15th century. Beside the hospital, almshouse and a quarantine, the city also boasted highly trained physicians, surgeons and barbers. Trade, crafts and navigation prospered and numerous town intellectuals established an academy whose most active members were medical doctors. The aim of this article is to give a chronological presentation of physicians related to Koper by their birth or work and of other scientists who contributed to the development of local medicine. These includes (about forty names) S. Santorio, Ser Benvenuto, P. P. Vergerio, G. Nuzio, F. Nuzio, P. de Castaldi, I. de Albertis, L. Zarotti, B. Petronio, I. Bratti, Z. Zarotti, A.Valdera, G. Vergerio and C. Zarotti of whom some are well known. The author wishes to systematisize the bibliography, fill the gaps and show ways for further research in the archives and museums of Istria, Triest, Venice and Vienna

ELEMENTI ZDRAVSTVENE KULTURE U FRESKAMA CRKVE PRESVETOG TROJSTVA, HRASTOVLJE, SLOVENIJA

This paper represents some elements of medicine in the frescoes painted in 1.490 AD by Ivan of Kastav in the Holy Trinity Church in Hrastovlje, Slovenian Istria. Part one deal with some traditional patron saints (Christopher, Cosmas and Damian, Apollonia, Agatha, Rocco and Sebastian). In the series of paintings representing the \u27Creation ofthe World\u27and the\u27Life ofAdam and Eve\u27, this country artist has incorporated numerous details from everyday medieval life, such as farm work, or breast-feeding of the twins Cain and Abel. In part three, the fresco \u27The Dance of Death\u27 is dealt with in detail. Further to primarily moral and social elements, the artist points to his own interesting anatomic imaginations in presenting the human skeletons, which reflect not only his, but also the general ignorance of the human anatomy at that time

The The development of medical practice in Koper and physicians and surgeons in Koper from the Renaissance to the beginning of demise of the Venetian Republicdevelopment of medical practice in Koper and physicians and surgeons in Koper from the Renaissance to the beginning of demise of the Venetian

Namen dela je bil na osnovi znanstvene analize prikazati razvoj medicinske misli in prakse ter delo zdravnikov in kirurgov v slovenski Istri pod beneško oblastjo na modelu otoškega mesta Koper od kasnega srednjega veka do začetka 18. stoletja oz. do začetka zatona beneške republike. Utemeljitev, cilji, hipoteze. Koper je s svojo večstoletno pripadnostjo beneški republiki imel podoben zdravstveni razvoj kot bližnje Benetke. Zaradi bližine najpomembnejših univerzitetnih mest so zdravniki in kirurgi, ki so delovali v Kopru, prihajali z najsodobnejšim medicinskim znanjem tedanjega časa. Z njim so uvajali nove pristope k higieni, komunalni ureditvi mesta in javnemu zdravstvu. Prispevek v Kopru delujočih zdravnikov in kirurgov k razvoju javnega zdravstva otoškega mesta Koper v tem obdobju je bil večji od doslej znanega. Zasnova raziskave, metode dela. Raziskava je trajala več let in je potekala v zaporednih korakih. Obsežnemu zbiranju in branju objavljenih starih in novih gradiv v mednarodnih in domačih arhivih in knjižnicah o prijavljeni temi je sledilo zbiranje izvirnega arhivskega gradiva za to področje, prevajanje iz starih jezikov (latinščine, italijanščine, hrvaščine) v slovenščino, enotno terminološko poimenovanje strokovnih vsebin, kritična presoja pristnosti in zanesljivosti gradiv ter primerjava objavljenih in izvirnih gradiv, njihova vsebinska in komparativna analiza ter zgodovinskomedicinska interpretacija v obravnavanem času in prostoru. Za predstavitev novih spoznanj so bile uporabljene kvalitativne historiografske znanstvene metode dela. Rezultati in sklepi. Znanstveno delo je prineslo nova spoznavanja o razvoju zdravstva in zdravništva na Koprskem ter njegovi pomembni vlogi v Istri v obdobju beneške vladavine skozi zgodovinski, epidemiološki in javnozdravstveni vidik obravnavane dobe. Obsežno in razpršeno gradivo je zbrano in analizirano, rezultati pa potrjujejo delovni hipotezi. Številni do sedaj znani podatki o obravnavani temi so potrjeni, nekateri dopolnjeni oz. korigirani, nekateri zgodovinskomedicinsko reinterpretirani, nekateri pa prvič predstavljeni javnosti. Delo je zaokrožena celota, ki postavlja smernice za nadaljnje interdisciplinarno raziskovanje.The purpose of this thesis, based on scientific analysis, is to show the development of medical thought and practice as well as the work of doctors and surgeons in Slovene Istria under Venetian rule throughout the centuries, more specifically from the Late Middle Ages to the beginning of the 18th century or, in other words, the decline of the Republic of Venice. The analysis was performed on a model of the former island city of Koper. Argument, objectives and hypotheses. Since Koper belonged to the Republic of Venice for many centuries, it experienced a similar development of medicine as the nearby city of Venice. Due to the proximity of the most important university cities, doctors and surgeons working in the city of Koper would work there equipped with the most modern medical knowledge of the time. Due to their high level of medical expertise, they could introduce new approaches to hygiene, sanitation and property development of the city as well as to public health care. The contribution of all the doctors and surgeons who were active in the city at that time to the development of the public health care system in the island city of Koper is much greater than it was known so far. Research design, work methods. The study was carried out gradually and in successive steps throughout multiple years. The extensive data collection, the reading and analysing of both old and new published material about this topic collected in international and domestic archives and libraries was followed by gathering original archival documents on this topic, translating from old languages (Latin, Italian, German and Croatian) to Slovenian, naming the specialised contents with uniform terminology, the critical evaluation of the authenticity and reliability of the material, and the comparison of published and original material. The material was analysed by content as well as being comparatively analysed and interpreted in the context of medical history of the given space and time. To present new findings, qualitative research methods from the field of historiography were used. Results and conclusions. This scientific work has brought along new insights into the development of health care and its representatives within the territory of the city of Koper as well as its significant role in Slovene Istria during the time of the Republic of Venice from the historical, epidemiological, and public health care viewpoint. A vast amount of dispersed material and other resources was gathered and then thoroughly analysed. Furthermore, the obtained results have confirmed the working hypotheses. Much of the so far known data has been confirmed, some has been completed or corrected, some has been reinterpreted in the context of medical history, and some has been presented to the public for the first time. The work in question represents an integral whole but at the same time also sets some guidelines for further interdisciplinary research

Razvoj oftalmologije u Sloveniji i Klinike za očne bolesti u Ljubljani (1890.-2010.)- u prigodi 120.obljetnice Klinike za očne bolesti u Ljubljani

Slovenian ophthalmology developed much at the same time as in the rest of the Central Europe). The first Slovenian ophthalmologist was Dr Ludvik Grbec (1805–1880). The first Slovenian eye department was established within the Ljubljana civil hospital in 1890, and initially counted 34 hospital beds. Under Dr Emil Bock, the department grew to 120 beds by 1916 and saw a number of surgical procedures performed (mainly cataract operations). Dr Bock also founded a department for the treatment of ocular tuberculosis in children. From 1920 to 1958, the department was resumed by Dr Leopold Ješe, a pioneer of Slovenian ophthalmology, the first professor of ophthalmology at the Ljubljana University Faculty of Medicine (1945), author of the first ophthalmology textbook for students (Ophthalmology, 1946), and the father of Slovenian ophthalmological terminology. This article describes the development of ophthalmology in Slovenian hospitals to this day, especially in the Ljubljana Eye Hospital. It remembers the most prominent figures and professional, educational,and scientific achievements. Now in 2010, Slovenia has over 130 ophthalmologists, two departments teaching ophthalmology (within Ljubljana and Maribor University Faculties of Medicine), an internationally recognised ophthalmology specialisation programme, and influential research work published in various journals indexed by Science Citation Index.Slovenska oftalmologija razvijala se usporedno sa srednjoeuropskom strukom. Prvi slovenski liječnik-oftalmolog bio je Ludvik Grbec (1805.–1880.), prvi slovenski odjel za očne bolesti s 34 kreveta ustanovljen je 1890. u Civilnoj bolnici u Ljubljani. Od 1890. do 1916. pod vodstvom dr. Emila Bocka odjel se proširio na 120 postelja, a izdvojen je i dječji odjel za liječenje očne tuberkuloze – škrofuloze. Od brojnih kirurških zahvata na oku, dr. Bock je bio posebno uspješan u operiranju sive mrene. Dr. Leopold Ješe vodi odjel od 1920. do 1958, pionir je slovenske oftalmologije, prvi profesor oftalmologije na ljubljanskom Medicinskom fakultetu (1945.), prvi pisac udžbenika za studente (“Oftalmologija”, 1946.) i utemeljitelj slovenske oftalmološke terminologije. U članku se dalje opisuje razvoj do današnjih dana tijekom kojeg se u ljubljanskoj Očnoj klinici, kao i odjelima u ostalim slovenskim bolnicama prakticira vrhunska praktična oftalmologija te pedagoška i znanstvenoistraživačka djelatnost. Godine 2010. u Sloveniji djeluje 130 specijalista-oftalmologa, dvije katedre za oftalmologiju (na medicinskom fakultetu u Ljubljani i Mariboru), dobro organizirana i međunarodno priznata specializacija iz oftalmologije te zavidan znanstvenoistraživački opus objavljen u raznim stručnim revijama indeksiranim u “Science Citation Index”