Improved performances of catalytic G-quadruplexes (G4-DNAzymes) via the chemical modifications of the DNA backbone to provide Gquadruplexes with double 3′-external G-quartets

Here we report on the design of a new catalytic G-quadruplex-DNA system (G4-DNAzyme) based on the modification of the DNA scaffold to provide the DNA pre-catalyst with two identical 3′-ends, known to bemore catalytically proficient than the 5′-ends. To this end, we introduced a 5′-5′ inversion of polarity site in the middle of the G4-forming sequences AG4A andAG6A to obtain d(3′AGG5′-5′GGA3′) (orAG2-G2A) and d(3′AGGG5′-5′GGGA3′) (or AG3-G3A) that fold into stable G4 whose tetramolecular nature was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism(CD) investigations. Both AG2-G2AandAG3-G3A display two identical external G-quartets (3′-ends) known to interact with the cofactor hemin with a high efficiency, making the resulting complex competent to performhemoprotein-like catalysis (G4-DNAzyme). A systematic comparison of the performances of modified and unmodified G4s lends credence to the relevance of the modification exploited here (5′-5′ inversion of polarity site), which represents a new chemical opportunity to improve the overall activity of catalytic G4s

Small-molecule G-quadruplex stabilizers reveal a novel pathway of autophagy regulation in neurons

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Small molecule chaperones facilitate the folding of RNA G-quadruplexes

Abstract : RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4) have recently emerged as major regulatory elements in both mRNA and noncoding RNA. In order to investigate the biological roles of rG4 structures, chemists have developed a variety of highly specific and potent ligands. All of these ligands bind to the rG4s by stacking on top of them. The binding specificity is demonstrated by comparison to other structures such as duplex or threeway junctions. It remains unclear whether rG4-ligands merely stabilize fully formed rG4 structures, or if they actively participate in the folding of the rG4 structure through their association with an unfolded RNA sequence. In order to elucidate the innate steps of ligand-rG4 associations and mechanisms robust in vitro techniques, including FRET, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reverse transcriptase stalling assays, were used to examine the capacity of five well-known G4 ligands to induce rG4 structures derived from either long non-coding RNAs or from synthetic RNAs. It was found that both PhenDC3 and PDS induce rG4 formation in single RNA strands. This discovery has important implications for the interpretation of RNA-seq experiments. Overall, in vitro data that can assist biochemists in selecting the optimal G4-ligands for their RNA cellular experiments are presented, and the effects induced by these ligands on the rG4s are also considered

How to untie G-quadruplex knots and why?

International audienceFor over two decades, the prime objective of the chemical biology community studying G-quadruplexes (G4s) has been to use chemicals to interact with and stabilize G4s in cells to obtain mechanistic interpretations. This strategy has been undoubtedly successful, as demonstrated by recent advances. However, these insights have also led to a fundamental rethinking of G4-targeting strategies: due to the prevalence of G4s in the human genome, transcriptome, and ncRNAome (collectively referred to as the G4ome), and their involvement in human diseases, should we continue developing G4-stabilizing ligands or should we invest in designing molecular tools to unfold G4s? Here, we first focus on how, when, and where G4s fold in cells; then, we describe the enzymatic systems that have evolved to counteract G4 folding and how they have been used as tools to manipulate G4s in cells; finally, we present strategies currently being implemented to devise new molecular G4 unwinding agents

Improved performances of catalytic G-quadruplexes (G4-DNAzymes) via the chemical modifications of the DNA backbone to provide G-quadruplexes with double 3'-external G-quartets

International audienceHere we report on the design of a new catalytic G-quadruplex-DNA system (G4-DNAzyme) based on the modification of the DNA scaffold to provide the DNA pre-catalyst with two identical 3'-ends, known to be more catalytically proficient than the 5'-ends. To this end, we introduced a 5'-5' inversion of polarity site in the middle of the G4-forming sequences AG 4 A and AG 6 A to obtain d(3' AGG 5'-5' GGA 3') (or AG 2-G 2 A) and d(3' AGGG 5'-5' GGGA 3') (or AG 3-G 3 A) that fold into stable G4 whose tetramolecular nature was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) investigations. Both AG 2-G 2 A and AG 3-G 3 A display two identical external G-quartets (3'-ends) known to interact with the cofactor hemin with a high efficiency, making the resulting complex competent to perform hemoprotein-like catalysis (G4-DNAzyme). A systematic comparison of the performances of modified and unmodified G4s lends credence to the relevance of the modification exploited here (5'-5' inversion of polarity site), which represents a new chemical opportunity to improve the overall activity of catalytic G4s

Identifying three-way DNA junction-specific small-molecules

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Front Cover: The Scope of Application of Macrocyclic Polyamines Beyond Metal Chelation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 36/2019)

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DNA junction ligands trigger DNA damage and are synthetic lethal with DNA repair inhibitors in cancer cells

International audienceTranslocation of DNA and RNA polymerases along their duplex substrates results in DNA supercoiling. This torsional stress promotes the formation of plectonemic structures, including three-way DNA junction (TWJ), which can block DNA transactions and lead to DNA damage. While cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to prevent the accumulation of such structures, stabilizing TWJ through ad hoc ligands offer an opportunity to trigger DNA damage in cells with high level of transcription and replication, such as cancer cells. Here, we develop a series of azacryptand-based TWJ ligands, we thoroughly characterize their TWJ-interacting properties in vitro and demonstrate their capacity to trigger DNA damage in rapidly dividing human cancer cells. We also demonstrate that TWJ ligands are amenable to chemically induced synthetic lethality strategies upon association with inhibitors of DNA repair, thus paving the way towards innovative drug combinations to fight cancers

Biomimetic, smart and multivalent ligands for G-quadruplex isolation and bioorthogonal imaging

G-quadruplexes (G4s) continue to gather wide attention in the field of chemical biology as their prevalence in the human genome and transcriptome strongly suggests that they may play key regulatory roles in cell biology. G4-specific, cell-permeable small molecules (G4-ligands) innovately permit the interrogation of cellular circuitries in order to assess to what extent G4s influence cell fate and functions. Here, we report on multivalent, biomimetic G4-ligands referred to as TASQs that enable both the isolation and visualization of G4s in human cells. Two biotinylated TASQs, BioTASQ and BioCyTASQ, are indeed efficient molecular tools to fish out G4s of mixtures of nucleic acids through simple affinity capture protocols and to image G4s in cells via a biotin/avidin pretargeted imaging system first applied here to G4s, found to be a reliable alternative to in situ click chemistry