Asiakkaiden arvon havaitseminen: Tapaustutkimus e-kirjapalvelun asiakkaiden arvokonstruktioihin

In customer value research literature a research gap exists in using qualitative approach and defining customer value phenomenologically by customer’s own constructs. The customer’s perceptions of value have been ignored and a priori theories have been imposed to define what value is and how it is derived. An opposite of that approach is presented in this study, where a posteriori grounded theory on emergent customer’s perceived value is formed for electronic book service use context. Customers themselves, with their own subjective reality, are given the voice. Their heuristics regarding to the case service attributes are used to interpret customer value. The value constructs are represented by customers’ desired consequences from the service use towards their personal goals and needs. The research methodology consisted of a 15 day long cultural probe via WhatsApp-service and in-context interviews with 10 participants who were customers of the case service. The key findings are that electronic book formats enable new type of book content consumption situations. A digital device that is carried around or an audiobook playing in the background enable opportunistic use situations that would not be possible with a print format. In addition, the digital book formats facilitate functional and efficiency value for the customer. However the digital formats do not offer the same aesthetic value that a print book would and they are thus deemed less worthy. The study finds that customers perceive value consciously only when they are making decisions or reflecting past decisions, otherwise the gained value is habituated and unconscious.Asiakasarvoa tutkivassa kirjallisuudessa on tutkimusaukko asiakasarvon lähestymisessä laadullisella tutkimusotteella ja asiakkaan itsensä fenomenologisesti määrittelemänä konstruktiona. Asiakkaan oma kokemus arvosta on ohitettu ja sitä on pyritty määrittelemään ja mittaamaan a priori teorioilla. Tässä tutkimuksessa on valittu vastakkainen lähestymisen ja asiakkaan havaitsemasta arvosta luodaan ankkuroitu a posteriori teoria sähköisen kirjapalvelun kontekstissa. Asiakkaat subjektiivisine käsityksineen maailmasta saavat puheenvuoron. Heidän tapauspalvelun ominaisuuksiin yhdistämiään heuristiikkoja käytetään asiakasarvon tulkintaan. Asiakkaiden arvokonstruktiot esitetään asiakkaiden palvelun käytöstä haluamina seuraumuksina heidän henkilökohtaisten tavoitteidensa ja tarpeidensa tyydyttämiseksi. Tutkimusmetodologia hyödynsi 10 tutkimukseen osallistuneen tapauspalvelun asiakkaan kanssa 15 päivän mittaista kulttuurillista luotainta WhatsApp-palvelun välityksellä ja kontekstihaastatteluita. Löydökset viittaavat sähköisten kirjaformaattien mahdollistavan uudentyyppisiä kirjasisältöjen kulutusmahdollisuuksia. Mukana kulkeva laite tai taustalla kuuluva kirja mahdollistavat opportunistisia käyttötilanteita, jotka painetulla kirjalla jäisivät mahdottomiksi. Lisäksi sähköiset kirjan muodot tarjoavat käytännöllistä ja tehokkuudellista välinearvoa asiakkaille. Toisaalta sähköiset kirjan muodot eivät mahdollista samanlaista esineeseen yhdistettyä esteettistä arvoa kuin painettu kirja ja se koetaan täten arvottomammaksi. Yksi tutkimuksen löydöksistä oli se, että asiakkaat havaitsevat tietoisesti saamansa arvon vain valintatilanteissa tai muistellessaan tekemiään valintoja, muutoin saatu arvo on totuttua ja se pysyy tiedostamattomana

Adolescent and Adult Student Attitudes Towards Progress Visualizations

Keeping students motivated for the duration of a course is easier said than done. Contextualizing student efforts with learning progress visualizations can help maintain engagement. However, progress can be visualized in many different ways. So far very little research has been done into which types of visualizations are most effective, and how different contexts affect the effectiveness of visualizations. We compare the effects of two different progress visualizations in an introductory programming course. Preliminary results show that older students prefer a visualization that emphasizes long-term progress, whereas younger students prefer a visualization that highlights progress within a single week. Additionally, students perform better and are more motivated when their visualization matches their age group’s preferred visualization. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.Peer reviewe

A Study of Pair Programming Enjoyment and Attendance using Study Motivation and Strategy Metrics

We explore educational pair programming in a university context with high student autonomy and individual responsibility. The data comes from two separate introductory programming courses with optional pair programming assignments. We analyze lab attendance and course outcomes to determine whether students' previous programming experience or gender influence attendance. We further compare these statistics to self-reported data on study motivation, study strategies, and student enjoyment of pair programming. The influence of grading systems on pair programming behavior and course outcomes is also examined. Our results suggest that gender and previous programming experience correlate with participation in pair programming labs. At the same time, there are no significant differences in self-reported enjoyment of pair programming between any of the groups, and the results from commonly used study motivation and strategy questionnaires provide little insight into students/ actual behavior.Peer reviewe

InDEx – Industrial Data Excellence

InDEx, the Industrial Data Excellence program, was created to investigate what industrial data can be collected, shared, and utilized for new intelligent services in high-performing, reliable and secure ways, and how to accomplish that in practice in the Finnish manufacturing industry.InDEx produced several insights into data in an industrial environment, collecting data, sharing data in the value chain and in the factory environment, and utilizing and manipulating data with artificial intelligence. Data has an important role in the future in an industrial context, but data sources and utilization mechanisms are more diverse than in cases related to consumer data. Experiences in the InDEx cases showed that there is great potential in data utili zation.Currently, successful business cases built on data sharing are either company-internal or utilize an existing value chain. The data market has not yet matured, and third-party offerings based on public and private data sources are rare. In this program, we tried out a framework that aimed to securely and in a controlled manner share data between organizations. We also worked to improve the contractual framework needed to support new business based on shared data, and we conducted a study of applicable business models. Based on this, we searched for new data-based opportunities within the project consortium. The vision of data as a tradeable good or of sharing with external partners is still to come true, but we believe that we have taken steps in the right direction.The program started in fall 2019 and ended in April 2022. The program faced restrictions caused by COVID-19, which had an effect on the intensity of the work during 2020 and 2021, and the program was extended by one year. Because of meeting restrictions, InDEx collaboration was realized through online meetings. We learned to work and collaborate using digital tools and environments. Despite the mentioned hindrances, and thanks to Business Finland’s flexibility, the extension time made it possible for most of the planned goals to be achieved.This report gives insights in the outcomes of the companies’ work within the InDEx program. DIMECC InDEx is the first finalized program by the members of the Finnish Advanced Manufacturing Network (FAMN, www.famn.fi).</p

Service Design Handover to user experience design – a systematic literature review

Context: Knowledge transfer plays an important role in digital Service Creation Projects where information should flow through service design, Agile UX, and software implementation phases. One context for these handovers exists in projects where the service designers participate in the early phases of exploring and scoping the service, while agile user experience specialists take over the digital parts of service design and programmers the software implementation. Objective: The purpose of this study is to summarise scientific knowledge into best practices for effective information flow in real world Service Creation Projects. Special attention is paid on an important and understudied project phase, knowledge handover from service design to software implementation, which is referred as Service Design Handover in this study. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to analyse the current scientific knowledge on knowledge transfer in digital Service Creation Projects. PRISMA 2020 statement was used for reporting the review, which also influenced planning and execution of the systematic review process. SCOPUS search brought up 773 publications, and the full content analysis was done for the 41 most relevant publications. Results: Based on the literature analysis, the best practices for effective knowledge transfer are related to communication quality and quantity, circumventing the need for communication, and verifying successful communication. To provide an overview of effective knowledge transfer, frameworks of Service Creation Project information flow and Service Design Handover are proposed. Conclusion: The existing knowledge transfer literature is voluminous, but this literature review is the first to study knowledge transfer in Service Creation Project context. The framework, best practices, and list of potential problem sources in knowledge transfer provide new knowledge for managing the information flow in service creation. The research gaps found in this literature review show the need for future research, such as empirical studies on service creation practice.Peer reviewe

Tight junctions in Hailey-Hailey and Darier’s diseases

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) and Darier’s disease (DD) are caused by mutations in Ca2+-ATPases with the end result of desmosomal disruption and suprabasal acantholysis. Tight junctions (TJ) are located in the granular cell layer in normal skin and contribute to the epidermal barrier. Aberrations in the epidermal differentiation, such as in psoriasis, have been shown to lead to changes in the expression of TJ components. Our aim was to elucidate the expression and dynamics of the TJ proteins during the disruption of desmosomes in HHD and DD lesions. Indirect immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin labeling for TJ, desmosomal and adherens junction proteins, and subsequent analyses with the confocal laser scanning microscope were carried out on 14 HHD and 14 DD skin samples. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured in normal and lesional epidermis of nine HHD and eight DD patients to evaluate the function of the epidermal barrier in HHD and DD skin. The localization of TJ proteins claudin-1, claudin-4, ZO-1, and occludin in perilesional HHD and DD epidermis was similar to that previously described in normal skin. In HHD lesions the tissue distribution of ZO-1 expanded to the acantholytic spinous cells. In agreement with previous findings, desmoplakin was localized intracellularly. In contrast claudin-1 and ZO-1 persisted in the cell-cell contact sites of acantholytic cells. TEWL was increased in the lesional skin. The current results suggest that TJ components follow different dynamics in acantholysis of HHD and DD compared to desmosomal and adherens junction proteins

Anatomy and Cell Biology and

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) and Darier’s disease (DD) are caused by mutations in Ca2+-ATPases with the end result of desmosomal disruption and suprabasal acantholysis. Tight junctions (TJ) are located in the granular cell layer in normal skin and contribute to the epidermal barrier. Aberrations in the epidermal differentiation, such as in psoriasis, have been shown to lead to changes in the expression of TJ components. Our aim was to elucidate the expression and dynamics of the TJ proteins during the disruption of desmosomes in HHD and DD lesions. Indirect immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin labeling for TJ, desmosomal and adherens junction proteins, and subsequent analyses with the confocal laser scanning microscope were carried out on 14 HHD and 14 DD skin samples. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured in normal and lesional epidermis of nine HHD and eight DD patients to evaluate the function of the epidermal barrier in HHD and DD skin. The localization of TJ proteins claudin-1, claudin-4, ZO-1, and occludin in perilesional HHD and DD epidermis was similar to that previously described in normal skin. In HHD lesions the tissue distribution of ZO-1 expanded to the acantholytic spinous cells. In agreement with previous findings, desmoplakin was localized intracellularly. In contrast claudin-1 and ZO-1 persisted in the cell-cell contact sites of acantholytic cells. TEWL was increased in the lesional skin. The current results suggest that TJ components follow different dynamics in acantholysis of HHD and DD compared to desmosomal and adherens junction proteins

Coupled heat transfer and phase transformations of dual-phase steel in coil cooling

Abstract Dual-phase steels are generally used in the car industry due to high tensile strength and good formability, which are obtained by a mixture of bainite and ferrite phases. This microstructure is achieved through slow rate coil cooling. However, the manufacturing of dual-phase steels introduces various challenges such as the instability of the cold rolling process. An important factor affecting this is the non-uniform coil cooling of a hot rolled strip. In coil cooling the cooling rates are not controlled and there are different thermal contacts during coil conveyance causing unequal cooling of the steel coil. Unequal cooling rates lead to non-uniform coil cooling, producing irregular phase transformations on different sides of the coil, which causes periodical variations of the phase fractions in the steel strip. Varying phase fractions cause thickness deviations in the strip during the cold rolling process. A three-dimensional transient heat transfer finite element model was developed and used for modeling the complete coil conveyance chain and coil field cooling of the coil on an industrial scale. A coupled phase transformation model is implemented as a subroutine into the finite element model for calculating the resulting phase fractions. It was found that the different thermal contacts during the coil conveyance produce uneven cooling rates causing length- and widthwise variations in the phase fractions. The heat transfer model is validated by comparing temperature profiles between the simulated and measured coil edges. The phase transformation model is fitted into experimental data and verification is carried out in industrial conditions by comparing the modeled phase fractions and test samples from a cooled and unwound steel coil