Are bond ratings informative? Evidence from regulatory regime changes

Published in Journal of Fixed Income, 2019, 29 (1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2019.29.1.006</p

Measuring the hedging effectiveness of index futures contracts: Do dynamic models outperform static models? A regime-switching approach

This paper estimates linear and non-linear GARCH models to find optimal hedge ratios with futures contracts for some of the main European stock indexes. By introducing non-linearities through a regime-switching model, we can obtain more efficient hedge ratios and superior hedging performance in both in-sample and out-sample analysis compared with other methodologies (constant hedge ratios and linear GARCH). Moreover, non-linear models also reflect different patterns followed by the dynamic relationship between the volatility of spot and futures returns during low and high volatility periods

The importance of belief dispersion in the response of gold futures to macroeconomic announcements

We investigate the behaviour of gold futures around the release of macroeconomic announcements. Market activity, in terms of traded volume, returns, and volatility, responds to new information quickly, with the majority of the reaction complete within 90-s. Surprises on the announcement of unemployment rate and GDP have the largest impact. Contrary to prior results for the equity market, gold futures exhibit greater reactions to ‘good’ economic news (which is negative for gold prices) and the magnitude of the response does not appear to increase during recession. Importantly, we employ a novel measure of belief dispersion, and we are able to demonstrate that the market response to macroeconomic news is significantly larger when belief dispersion is wider

Institutional Herding in Financial Markets: New Evidence Through the Lens of a Simulated Model

Due to data limitations and the absence of testable, model-based predictions, theory and evidence on herd behavior are only loosely connected. This paper contributes towards closing this gap in the herding literature. We use numerical simulations of a herd model to derive new, theory-based predictions for aggregate herding intensity. Using high-frequency, investor-specific trading data we confirm the predicted impact of information risk on herding. In contrast, the increase in buy herding measured for the financial crisis period cannot be explained by the herd model

What drives credit rating changes?:a return decomposition approach

This paper examines the relative importance of a shock to expected cash flows (i.e., cash-flow news) and a shock to expected discount rates (i.e., discount-rate news) in credit rating changes. Specifically, we use a Vector Autoregressive model to implement the return decomposition of Campbell and Shiller (Review of Financial Studies, 1, 1988, 195) and Vuolteenaho (Journal of Finance, 57, 2002, 233) to extract cash-flow news and discount-rate news from stock returns at the firm-level. We find that credit rating changes are, on average, more strongly associated with cash-flow news than with discount-rate news, consistent with cash-flow news being more permanent than discount-rate news. We further find that both cash-flow news and discount-rate news are more strongly related to credit rating changes when they convey negative information about firm value. This asymmetric association is consistent with the non-linear nature of default risk and with the fact that rating agencies incorporate bad news sooner than good news into their rating revisions. This paper contributes to the literature by providing evidence on the relative importance of cash-flow news and discount-rate news in the credit rating process

Jumps in Option Prices and Their Determinants: Real-Time Evidence from the E-Mini S&P 500 Option Market

We study the real-time characteristics and drivers of jumps in option prices. To this end, we employ high frequency data from the 24-hour E-mini S&P 500 options market. We find that option prices do not jump simultaneously across strikes and maturities and are uncorrelated with jumps in the underlying futures price. 14% to 28% of detected option price jumps occur around scheduled news releases. However, it is illiquidity rather than the news content that drives jumps. Evidence suggests that option traders increase bid-ask spreads to account for trading against investors who are skilled processors of public releases

Asset prices and “the devil(s) you know”

In this paper, we study the asset pricing implications of persistence in the risk-neutral return distribution’s central moments. We detect a both economically and statistically significant premium of stocks with low over stocks with high such persistence. Annual value-weighted excess (risk-adjusted) returns are 4.38% (3.06%). These results cannot be explained by factors and characteristics documented in the previous literature. Furthermore, it is not the persistence of only one of the individual distributional moments but rather the joint persistence in all central moments of the risk-neutral distribution that is priced

How Markets Process Information: News Releases and Volatility.

The authors examine the impact of scheduled macroeconomic news announcements on interest rate and foreign exchange futures markets. They find these announcements are responsible for most of the observed time-of-day and day-of-the-week volatility patterns in these markets. While the bulk of the price adjustment to a major announcement occurs within the first minute, volatility remains substantially higher than normal for roughly fifteen minutes and slightly elevated for several hours. Nonetheless, these subsequent price adjustments are basically independent of the first minute's return. The authors identify those announcements with the greatest impact on these markets. Copyright 1993 by American Finance Association.