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Scalable grid resource allocation for scientific workflows using hybrid metaheuristics
Grid infrastructure is a valuable tool for scientific users, but it is characterized by a high level of complexity which makes it difficult for them to quantify their requirements and allocate resources. In this paper, we show that resource trading is a viable and scalable approach for scientific users to consume resources. We propose the use of Grid resource bundles to specify supply and demand combined with a hybrid metaheuristic method to determine the allocation of resources in a market-based approach. We evaluate this through the application domain of scientific workflow execution on the Grid
Study of blade aspect ratio on a compressor front stage aerodynamic and mechanical design report
A single stage compressor was designed with the intent of demonstrating that, for a tip speed and hub-tip ratio typical of an advanced core compressor front stage, the use of low aspect ratio can permit high levels of blade loading to be achieved at an acceptable level of efficiency. The design pressure ratio is 1.8 at an adiabatic efficiency of 88.5 percent. Both rotor and stator have multiple-circular-arc airfoil sections. Variable IGV and stator vanes permit low speed matching adjustments. The design incorporates an inlet duct representative of an engine transition duct between fan and high pressure compressor
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Life in polar impact-shocked rocks — an analog for micro-habitats at the Martian poles
Domain wall cosmology and multiple accelerations
We classify the cosmological behaviors of the domain wall under junctions
between two spacetimes in terms of various parameters: cosmological constants
of bulk spacetime, a tension of a domain wall, and mass parameters of the black
hole-type metric. Especially, we consider the false-true vacuum type junctions
and the domain wall connecting between an inner AdS space and an outer AdS
Reissner-Nordstrm black hole. We find that there exist a
solution to the junction equations with an inflation at earlier times and an
accelerating expansion at later times.Comment: corrected typos, title and sec.
Effect of geometric and electronic structures on the finite temperature behavior of Na, Na, and Na clusters
An analysis of the evolutionary trends in the ground state geometries of
Na to Na reveals Na, an electronic closed--shell system,
shows namely an electronically driven spherical shape leading to a disordered
but compact structure. This structural change induces a strong {\it
connectivity} of short bonds among the surface atoms as well as between core
and surface atoms with inhomogeneous strength in the ground state geometry,
which affects its finite--temperature behavior. By employing {\it ab initio}
density--functional molecular dynamics, we show that this leads to two distinct
features in specific heat curve compared to that of Na: (1) The peak is
shifted by about 100 K higher in temperature. (2) The transition region becomes
much broader than Na. The inhomogeneous distribution of bond strengths
results in a broad melting transition and the strongly connected network of
short bonds leads to the highest melting temperature of 375 K reported among
the sodium clusters. Na, which has one electron less than Na,
also possesses stronger short--bond network compared with Na, resulting
in higher melting temperature (350 K) than observed in Na. Thus, we
conclude that when a cluster has nearly closed shell structure not only
geometrically but also electronically, it show a high melting temperature. Our
calculations clearly bring out the size--sensitive nature of the specific heat
curve in sodium clusters.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure
First principles investigation of finite-temperature behavior in small sodium clusters
A systematic and detailed investigation of the finite-temperature behavior of
small sodium clusters, Na_n, in the size range of n= 8 to 50 are carried out.
The simulations are performed using density-functional molecular-dynamics with
ultrasoft pseudopotentials. A number of thermodynamic indicators such as
specific heat, caloric curve, root-mean-square bond length fluctuation,
deviation energy, etc. are calculated for each of the clusters. Size dependence
of these indicators reveals several interesting features. The smallest clusters
with n= 8 and 10, do not show any signature of melting transition. With the
increase in size, broad peak in the specific heat is developed, which
alternately for larger clusters evolves into a sharper one, indicating a
solidlike to liquidlike transition. The melting temperatures show irregular
pattern similar to experimentally observed one for larger clusters [ M. Schmidt
et al., Nature (London) 393, 238 (1998) ]. The present calculations also reveal
a remarkable size-sensitive effect in the size range of n= 40 to 55. While
Na_40 and Na_55 show well developed peaks in the specific heat curve, Na_50
cluster exhibits a rather broad peak, indicating a poorly-defined melting
transition. Such a feature has been experimentally observed for gallium and
aluminum clusters [ G. A. Breaux et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8628 (2004); G.
A.Breaux et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173401 (2005) ].Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Land Degradation in the Sahel: An Application of Biophysical Modeling in the Optimal Control Setting
Low-input farming practices in many parts of the developing world have pushed cultivation onto marginal lands. Sustainability of already fragile ecosystems is threatened. Farmers place a high priority on satisfying subsistence food needs with on-farm production. Population pressure is high throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers in those regions are challenged by the need to put continually more food on their table over the coming years. An optimal control model was developed to investigate alternative farming practices within this setting. Namely, whether farmers would choose continued land expansion of if they would adopt crop intensive practices. The model included an environmental subcomponent to estimate the degradation costs from continued expansion onto marginal areas. The modeling activities from the Sahel of West African reinforce farmers' observed propensity to clear new land in lieu of crop intensification. Model activities suggest an important role for crop intensification under adequate policy conditions as well as the need to introduce new technology before degradation erodes its potential.Land Economics/Use,
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