Принципы разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций

Objective: to review legislative and regulatory legal acts and other documents and consider the changing requirements for the development of medical care standards and the current standard form, to determine the key principles and methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines.Material and methods. The article reviews the provisions of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011, No. 323-FZ “On fundamentals of health care in the Russian Federation”, which establishes the requirements for the development of medical care standards. A review of the procedure for the development of standards (Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (MH RF) of February 8, 2018, No. 53n and of February 22, 2022, No. 103n) was conducted. The form of the medical care standard was considered based on the example of the medical care standards approved in 2021–2022. A review of methodological materials regulating the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines was performed.Results. The procedure for developing medical care standards was first regulated in 2018. The participants of the process (MH RF departments, MH RF chief external specialists, Center for Expertise and Quality Control of Medical Care), their functions, and the stages and terms of development are regulated. The methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines involves the formation of standardized modules of medical care and a mathematical model.Conclusion. Currently, the process of developing medical care standards based on clinical guidelines is regulated and the methodology is defined. However, there are still issues that require additional regulation, such as the standard form, the methodology of medical and economic evaluation.Цель: провести обзор законодательных и нормативных правовых актов, а также иных документов и рассмотреть изменение требований к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи и сложившуюся форму стандарта, определить ключевые принципы и методологию разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Материал и методы. Рассмотрены положения Федерального закона от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации», устанавливающие требования к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи. Проведен обзор порядка разработки стандартов (приказы Минздрава России (МЗ РФ) от 8 февраля 2018 г. № 53н и от 22 февраля 2022 г. № 103н). На примере стандартов медицинской помощи, утвержденных в 2021–2022 гг., рассмотрена форма стандарта. Выполнен обзор методических материалов, регламентирующих разработку стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Результаты. Порядок разработки стандартов медицинской помощи впервые был урегулирован в 2018 г. В настоящее время определены участники процесса (департаменты МЗ РФ, главные внештатные специалисты МЗ РФ, ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» МЗ РФ), их функции, а также регламентированы этапы и сроки разработки. Методология разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций предусматривает формированиестандартизированных модулей медицинской помощи и математической модели.Заключение. В настоящее время процесс разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций нормативно урегулирован и методология определена. Однако сохраняются вопросы, требующие дополнительного нормативного регулирования, такие как форма стандарта, методология проведения медико-экономической оценки

Noise immunity of intrusion protection communication systems provided signals suppression

It is considered intrusion protection communication systems, which provide elimination of mutual signals of signaling devices suppression, using random number generators, providing almost tenfold increase noise immunity of telecommunication systems and the algorithm, providing improve its response speed

Noise immunity of synchrosignal reception in a start-stop communications system

An option of start–stop communications frequency-modulation system with orthogonal signals and the separate transfer of the synchrosignal and message has been considered. It was shown that optimal results during the synchrosignal reception could be achieved at the quadrature detection of its elements in channels of the frequency detector

Pedagogical support of foreign students social adaptation in Russian University

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Social adaptation of foreign students in Russian high schools is a process of active adaptation to the conditions of a new socio-cultural and educational environment. The article is directed on the development of pedagogical support, contributing to the efficiency of this process. The following leading methods for the mentioned problem‘s solving are chosen: Modeling, survey, interview, test, ranking, observation, mathematical processing of experimental data. The experiment involves foreign students of the 1st and 2nd courses. The article deals with the specifics of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including socio-cultural, socio-psychological, pedagogical aspects; presents the internal and external factors that influence the process of social adaptation of foreign students studying in Russian universities; represents the developed model of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including conceptual, target, process, evaluation-criteria parts; reveals the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities. Comparison of experimental work results proves the effectiveness of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities if the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions are created (initiation of foreign students to the traditions and values of the multinational Russian culture, organization of intercultural communication of foreign students with each other and with Russian students; adaptive works organization to form and develop foreign students’ general educational abilities and skills necessary to adapt to the educational process, development of sustained interest and motivation for the future professional activities)

Pedagogical support of foreign students social adaptation in Russian University

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Social adaptation of foreign students in Russian high schools is a process of active adaptation to the conditions of a new socio-cultural and educational environment. The article is directed on the development of pedagogical support, contributing to the efficiency of this process. The following leading methods for the mentioned problem‘s solving are chosen: Modeling, survey, interview, test, ranking, observation, mathematical processing of experimental data. The experiment involves foreign students of the 1st and 2nd courses. The article deals with the specifics of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including socio-cultural, socio-psychological, pedagogical aspects; presents the internal and external factors that influence the process of social adaptation of foreign students studying in Russian universities; represents the developed model of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including conceptual, target, process, evaluation-criteria parts; reveals the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities. Comparison of experimental work results proves the effectiveness of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities if the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions are created (initiation of foreign students to the traditions and values of the multinational Russian culture, organization of intercultural communication of foreign students with each other and with Russian students; adaptive works organization to form and develop foreign students’ general educational abilities and skills necessary to adapt to the educational process, development of sustained interest and motivation for the future professional activities)

Pedagogical support of foreign students social adaptation in Russian University

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Social adaptation of foreign students in Russian high schools is a process of active adaptation to the conditions of a new socio-cultural and educational environment. The article is directed on the development of pedagogical support, contributing to the efficiency of this process. The following leading methods for the mentioned problem‘s solving are chosen: Modeling, survey, interview, test, ranking, observation, mathematical processing of experimental data. The experiment involves foreign students of the 1st and 2nd courses. The article deals with the specifics of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including socio-cultural, socio-psychological, pedagogical aspects; presents the internal and external factors that influence the process of social adaptation of foreign students studying in Russian universities; represents the developed model of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities, including conceptual, target, process, evaluation-criteria parts; reveals the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities. Comparison of experimental work results proves the effectiveness of pedagogical support of foreign students’ social adaptation in Russian universities if the necessary and sufficient organizational and pedagogical conditions are created (initiation of foreign students to the traditions and values of the multinational Russian culture, organization of intercultural communication of foreign students with each other and with Russian students; adaptive works organization to form and develop foreign students’ general educational abilities and skills necessary to adapt to the educational process, development of sustained interest and motivation for the future professional activities)