Is methylphenidate useful for treating adolescents with ADHD?

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is effective in the shortterm treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, multiple randomized control trials). Though the immediate-release preparation is the best studied of methylphenidate formulations, extended-release methylphenidate (Concerta) has similar benefits, with a dosing regimen that may better suit an adolescent lifestyle (SOR: B, based on extrapolation of 1 randomized controlled trial and expert opinion)

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL HEAT CONDUCTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO-COMBUSTORS AND MICRO-THRUSTERS

This thesis investigates the effect of gas-structure interaction on the design and performance of miniaturized combustors with characteristic dimensions less than a few millimeters. These are termed 'micro-combustors' and are intended for use in devices ranging from micro-scale rocket motors for micro, nano, and pico-satellite propulsion, to micro-scale engines for micro-Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) propulsion and compact power generation. Analytical models for the propagation of a premixed laminar flame in a micro-channel are developed. The models' predictions are compared to the results of more detailed numerical simulations that incorporate multi-step chemistry, distributed heat transfer between the reacting gas and the combustor structure, heat transfer between the combustor and the environment, and heat transfer within the combustor structure. The results of the modeling and simulation efforts are found to be in good qualitative agreement and demonstrate that the behavior of premixed laminar flames in micro-channels is governed by heat transfer within the combustor structure and heat loss to the environment. The key findings of this work are as follows: First, heat transfer through the micro-combustor's structure tends to increase the flame speed and flame thickness. The increase in flame thickness with decreasing passage height suggests that micro-scale combustors will need to be longer than their conventional-scale counterparts. However, the increase in flame speed more than compensates for this effect and the net effect is that miniaturizing a combustor can increase its power density substantially. Second, miniaturizing chemical rocket thrusters can substantially increase thrust/weight ratio but comes at the price of reduced specific impulse (i.e. overall efficiency). Third, heat transfer through the combustor's structure increases steady-state and transient flame stability. This means that micro-scale combustors will be more stable than their conventional-scale counterparts. Fourth and finally, the extended temperature profile associated with the broadened flame causes a different set of elementary reactions to dominate the operation of the overall reaction mechanism at the micro-scale. This suggests that new chemical mechanisms may need to be developed in order to accurately simulate combustion at small-scales. It also calls into question the efficacy of single-step mechanisms presently used by other researchers

Human Rights of People Living with HIV, Men with Diverse Sexualities and Transgender Women in PNG

My thesis is an exploration of how human rights are understood and experienced by Papua New Guinean people living with HIV, men with diverse sexualities and transgender women. I examine the emergence and progress of two organisations established by these communities: Igat Hope and Kapul Champions. I consider the ways these organisations have, while still pursuing their missions to limit the impacts of HIV on their members and all Papua New Guineans, been used to help promote the human rights of constituents. Through this examination, I reflect on my own history with these organisations and the community movements which have built them, and on my roles as advocate and researcher. I find that the human rights of people with HIV, men with diverse sexualities and trans women in PNG are regularly violated across many areas of life. I find these communities have an understanding of human rights and that they support their promotion, particularly rights analyses that recognise the value they place on community connection and that emphasise their inclusion. I see human rights in PNG as a dynamic space, with an indigenisation of the rights framework that will facilitate its application. I find both Igat Hope and Kapul Champions to have significant records of achievement, including in human rights. I also find a way to be comfortable in my multiple roles, suggesting some ways in which my research might support local advocacy efforts

Management of Cervical Lymphadenitis in Children

Cervical lymphadenitis, defined as an acute symptomatic enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, is a common condition in children of all ages. Most cases of cervical lymphadenitis in children are self-limited and can safely be monitored for spontaneous resolution over four to six weeks. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion)

KSU Women\u27s Choir, Philharmonic and Chorale

Kennesaw State University School of Music presents KSU Women\u27s Choir, Philharmonic and Chorale.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1387/thumbnail.jp

Accessing rare α-heterocyclic aziridines via Brønsted acid-catalyzed Michael addition/annulation : scope, limitations, and mechanism

Funding: T.A.H. thanks the University of St Andrews for a PhD studentship. A.J.B.W. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for a Research Fellowship (RF-2022-014).We report an approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted heterocyclic aziridines. A Brønsted acid-catalyzed conjugate addition of anilines to trisubstituted heterocyclic chloroalkenes provides an intermediate 1,2-chloroamine. Diastereocontrol was found to vary significantly with solvent selection, with computational modelling confirming selective, spontaneous fragmentation in the presence of trace acids, proceeding through a pseudo-cyclic, protonated intermediate and transition state. These chloroamines can then be converted to the aziridine by treatment with LiHMDS with high stereochemical fidelity. This solvent-induced stereochemical enrichment thereby enables an efficient route to rare cis-aziridines with high dr. The scope, limitations, and mechanistic origins of selectivity are also presentedPeer reviewe