384 research outputs found
Plant Diversity and Plant Performance of Indoor and Outdoor Vertical Greening Systems in Hong Kong
This study aimed to examine the plant diversity and plant performance of vertical greening system (VGS) and how the hardware setup (including growing substrates) potentially affect plant performance. A total of 125 VGS (including 85 outdoor and 40 indoor VGS) were surveyed in Hong Kong. We recorded the type of VGS, species composition, frequency and plant coverage; substrate medium type, and plant performance. The findings revealed that indoor soilless VGS performed comparably well as on conventional soil, and outdoor soilless VGS performed significantly better than on soil. Regardless of substrate type, plants on indoor VGS performed better than outdoor VGS.
Keywords: Vertical greening system; Floristic composition; Growing medium; Plant performance
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.226
Dynamic Bayesian Combination of Multiple Imperfect Classifiers
Classifier combination methods need to make best use of the outputs of
multiple, imperfect classifiers to enable higher accuracy classifications. In
many situations, such as when human decisions need to be combined, the base
decisions can vary enormously in reliability. A Bayesian approach to such
uncertain combination allows us to infer the differences in performance between
individuals and to incorporate any available prior knowledge about their
abilities when training data is sparse. In this paper we explore Bayesian
classifier combination, using the computationally efficient framework of
variational Bayesian inference. We apply the approach to real data from a large
citizen science project, Galaxy Zoo Supernovae, and show that our method far
outperforms other established approaches to imperfect decision combination. We
go on to analyse the putative community structure of the decision makers, based
on their inferred decision making strategies, and show that natural groupings
are formed. Finally we present a dynamic Bayesian classifier combination
approach and investigate the changes in base classifier performance over time.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figure
Strong subadditivity inequality for quantum entropies and four-particle entanglement
Strong subadditivity inequality for a three-particle composite system is an
important inequality in quantum information theory which can be studied via a
four-particle entangled state. We use two three-level atoms in
configuration interacting with a two-mode cavity and the Raman adiabatic
passage technique for the production of the four-particle entangled state.
Using this four-particle entanglement, we study for the first time various
aspects of the strong subadditivity inequality.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX4, submitted to PR
Spin squeezing via quantum feedback
We propose a quantum feedback scheme for producing deterministically
reproducible spin squeezing. The results of a continuous nondemolition atom
number measurement are fed back to control the quantum state of the sample. For
large samples and strong cavity coupling, the squeezing parameter minimum
scales inversely with atom number, approaching the Heisenberg limit.
Furthermore, ceasing the measurement and feedback when this minimum has been
reached will leave the sample in the maximally squeezed spin state.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex
Bounds and optimisation of orbital angular momentum bandwidths within parametric down-conversion systems
The measurement of high-dimensional entangled states of orbital angular
momentum prepared by spontaneous parametric down-conversion can be considered
in two separate stages: a generation stage and a detection stage. Given a
certain number of generated modes, the number of measured modes is determined
by the measurement apparatus. We derive a simple relationship between the
generation and detection parameters and the number of measured entangled modes.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Robust Entanglement in Atomic Systems via Lambda-Type Processes
It is shown that the system of two three-level atoms in
configuration in a cavity can evolve to a long-lived maximum entangled state if
the Stokes photons vanish from the cavity by means of either leakage or
damping. The difference in evolution picture corresponding to the general model
and effective model with two-photon process in two-level system is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Quantum spiral bandwidth of entangled two-photon states
We put forward the concept of quantum spiral bandwidth of the spatial mode
function of the two-photon entangled state in spontaneous parametric
downconversion. We obtain the bandwidth using the eigenstates of the orbital
angular momentum of the biphoton states, and reveal its dependence with the
length of the down converting crystal and waist of the pump beam. The
connection between the quantum spiral bandwidth and the entropy of entanglement
of the quantum state is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Allen Telescope Array Multi-Frequency Observations of the Sun
We present the first observations of the Sun with the Allen Telescope Array
(ATA). We used up to six frequencies, from 1.43 to 6 GHz, and baselines from 6
to 300 m. To our knowledge, these are the first simultaneous multifrequency
full-Sun maps obtained at microwave frequencies without mosaicing. The
observations took place when the Sun was relatively quiet, although at least
one active region was present each time. We present multi-frequency flux
budgets for each sources on the Sun. Outside of active regions, assuming
optically thin bremsstrahlung (free--free) coronal emission on top of an
optically thick ~10 000 K chromosphere, the multi-frequency information can be
condensed into a single, frequency-independent, "coronal bremsstrahlung
contribution function" [EM/sqrt(T)] map. This technique allows the separation
of the physics of emission as well as a measurement of the density structure of
the corona. Deviations from this simple relationship usually indicate the
presence of an additional gyroresonance-emission component, as is typical in
active regions.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Solar Physic
Structure of the poly-C9 component of the complement membrane attack complex
The membrane attack complex (MAC)/perforin-like protein complement component 9 (C9) is the major component of the MAC, a multi-protein complex that forms pores in the membrane of target pathogens. In contrast to homologous proteins such as perforin and the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), all of which require the membrane for oligomerisation, C9 assembles directly onto the nascent MAC from solution. However, the molecular mechanism of MAC assembly remains to be understood. Here we present the 8 Å cryo-EM structure of a soluble form of the poly-C9 component of the MAC. These data reveal a 22-fold symmetrical arrangement of C9 molecules that yield an 88-strand pore-forming β-barrel. The N-terminal thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) domain forms an unexpectedly extensive part of the oligomerisation interface, thus likely facilitating solution-based assembly. These TSP1 interactions may also explain how additional C9 subunits can be recruited to the growing MAC subsequent to membrane insertion
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