Validez de constructo de un instrumento de enfermería para evaluar adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo

Introduction: In nursing, art and science of caring, is important to the use of the nursing process using a standardized language. Therefore, having valid nursing results labels, applied pre and pos intervention, allows the professional to evaluate and demonstrate the impact of such interventions. Especially in the management of common problems in the adult population such as high blood pressure. Objective: Determine the construct validity of the result of nursing "therapeutic conduct: illness or injury" (classification of result NOC 1609) to measure adherence to treatment. Methodology: Study of evaluation of diagnostic technologies nested in cross-sectional population study, carried out in the year 2010. 166 People with hypertension of stratum two and three of Bucaramanga were assessed. The construct validity of the result of nursing "therapeutic conduct: illness or injury" (NOC 1609) to measure adherence to treatment both pharmacological and non-pharmacological was determine using Rasch analysis. Results: The nursing outcome is one-dimensional, it assesses the construct ‘adherence'; the five original answers options regrouped in three, to achieve adequate differentiation in the options of answers, thus reaching a good reliability (0.99) and separation of the items (8.90); In addition, data adjusted to the Rasch model (values infit and outfit: > 0.6 and <1.4) and there was no differential behavior by sex (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The result of nursing evaluated is an appropriate instrument to measure the adhesion because it has construct validity.RESUMEN  Introducción: En enfermería, arte y la ciencia de cuidar, es importante el uso del proceso de enfermería a través de un lenguaje estandarizado. Por lo tanto, contar con etiquetas de resultados de enfermería validas, aplicadas pre y pos intervención, permite al profesional evaluar y demostrar el impacto de dichas intervenciones. Especialmente, en el manejo de problemas frecuentes en la población adulta como lo es la hipertensión arterial.Objetivo: Determinar la validez de constructo del resultado de enfermería “conducta terapéutica: enfermedad o lesión” (clasificación de resultado  CRE 1609) para medir adherencia al tratamiento. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de tecnologías diagnósticas anidado en un estudio de corte transversal poblacional, realizado en el año 2010. Se evaluaron 166 personas con hipertensión arterial de estrato dos y tres de Bucaramanga. Mediante el análisis Rasch, se determinó la validez de constructo del resultado de enfermería “conducta terapéutica: enfermedad o lesión” (CRE 1609) para medir adherencia al tratamiento, tanto farmacológico  como no farmacológico.Resultados: el resultado de enfermería es unidimensional, evalúa el constructo “adherencia”; las cinco opciones de respuestas originales se reagruparon en tres, para lograr una adecuada diferenciación en las opciones de respuestas, alcanzando así una buena confiabilidad (0.99) y separación de los ítems (8.90); además, los datos ajustaron al modelo Rasch (valores infit y outfit: >0.6 y <1.4) y los ítems no presentaron comportamiento diferencial por sexo (valor de p >0,05).Conclusión: el resultado de enfermería evaluado es un instrumento apropiado para medir la adherencia pues cuenta con validez de constructo

Accidentes biológicos en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: Los accidentes biológicos representan un riesgo ocupacional significativo para los trabajadores de la salud, y para  los estudiantes de medicina. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de accidentes biológicos y los factores y comportamientos asociados en la población de estudiantes de medicina. Materiales y métodos: Se encuestaron los estudiantes de medicina del área clínica de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. El instrumento de encuesta preguntaba sobre utilización de elementos de protección, caracterización y comportamientos asociados al último accidente biológico sufrido. La información obtenida fue analizada mediante porcentajes y promedios. Para evaluar los factores asociados al accidente se calcularon Razones de Prevalencia y sus IC 95%.Resultados: Se encuestaron 330 estudiantes. El uso rutinario de guantes se reportó en un 99,3%, de doble guante en 13,9%, tapabocas en 77,4% y de gafas en 30,7%. La prevalencia de accidentes biológicos fue de 18%, la cual aumentaba de acuerdo al año de estudio. El accidente no fue reportado en 48% de los casos. Se encontró una asociación positiva entre el sufrimiento de al menos un accidente biológico durante lo cursado de la carrera y el uso completo de medidas de protección en tercer y cuarto año, RP=2,92 (IC 95% 0,95 – 8,93); y negativa para quinto y sexto año, RP=0,84 (IC 95% 0,50-1,41, p=0,0479).Conclusiones: Los accidentes biológicos son frecuentes en nuestros estudiantes de medicina. Se debe insistir desde los primeros semestres en la importancia del uso de elementos de protección, el reporte del accidente y los protocolos postexposición.Salud UIS 2010; 42:     Palabras clave: Lesiones por pinchazo de aguja, patógenos transmitidos por la sangre, exposición profesional, salud laboral, estudiantes de medicina, educación médica, prevalencia   ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological accidents represent a significant occupational risk to healthcare workers including medical students. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of biological accidents, and its associated factors and behaviors among medical students.Materials and methods: Medical students in clinical clerkships from Universidad Industrial de Santander were surveyed. The survey instrument asked about the use of protective elements, the characteristics and behaviors associated to the last biological accident suffered by the student. Gathered data were analyzed as percentages and means. To evaluate associated factors, Prevalence Ratios and its CI 95% were calculated.Results: Three hundred thirty students were surveyed. Routine use of gloves was reported by 99.3%, double gloving by 13.9%, disposable masks by 77.4% and protective eyewear by 30.7%. Prevalence of biological accidents was 18.0%, which increased with seniority. Accidents were not reported to the occupational health office in 48% of cases. A positive association was found between suffering at least one accident during the career and the complete use of protective elements in third and fourth year students, PR=2.92 (CI 95% 0.95-8.93); while for fifth and sixth year students it was negative, PR=0.84 (CI 95% 0.50-1.41, p=0.0479).Conclusions: Biological accidents are frequent among our medical students. The importance of using protective elements must be emphasized during the first years of training. Medical students must be educated about the key role of reporting accidents and about post-exposure protocols. Salud UIS 2010; 42:   Keywords: Needlestick injuries, blood-borne pathogens, occupational exposure, occupational health, medical students, medical education, prevalenc

Accidentes biológicos en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: Los accidentes biológicos representan un riesgo ocupacional significativo para los trabajadores de la salud, y para  los estudiantes de medicina. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de accidentes biológicos y los factores y comportamientos asociados en la población de estudiantes de medicina. Materiales y métodos: Se encuestaron los estudiantes de medicina del área clínica de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. El instrumento de encuesta preguntaba sobre utilización de elementos de protección, caracterización y comportamientos asociados al último accidente biológico sufrido. La información obtenida fue analizada mediante porcentajes y promedios. Para evaluar los factores asociados al accidente se calcularon Razones de Prevalencia y sus IC 95%.Resultados: Se encuestaron 330 estudiantes. El uso rutinario de guantes se reportó en un 99,3%, de doble guante en 13,9%, tapabocas en 77,4% y de gafas en 30,7%. La prevalencia de accidentes biológicos fue de 18%, la cual aumentaba de acuerdo al año de estudio. El accidente no fue reportado en 48% de los casos. Se encontró una asociación positiva entre el sufrimiento de al menos un accidente biológico durante lo cursado de la carrera y el uso completo de medidas de protección en tercer y cuarto año, RP=2,92 (IC 95% 0,95 – 8,93); y negativa para quinto y sexto año, RP=0,84 (IC 95% 0,50-1,41, p=0,0479).Conclusiones: Los accidentes biológicos son frecuentes en nuestros estudiantes de medicina. Se debe insistir desde los primeros semestres en la importancia del uso de elementos de protección, el reporte del accidente y los protocolos postexposición.Salud UIS 2010; 42:     Palabras clave: Lesiones por pinchazo de aguja, patógenos transmitidos por la sangre, exposición profesional, salud laboral, estudiantes de medicina, educación médica, prevalencia   ABSTRACT Introduction: Biological accidents represent a significant occupational risk to healthcare workers including medical students. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of biological accidents, and its associated factors and behaviors among medical students.Materials and methods: Medical students in clinical clerkships from Universidad Industrial de Santander were surveyed. The survey instrument asked about the use of protective elements, the characteristics and behaviors associated to the last biological accident suffered by the student. Gathered data were analyzed as percentages and means. To evaluate associated factors, Prevalence Ratios and its CI 95% were calculated.Results: Three hundred thirty students were surveyed. Routine use of gloves was reported by 99.3%, double gloving by 13.9%, disposable masks by 77.4% and protective eyewear by 30.7%. Prevalence of biological accidents was 18.0%, which increased with seniority. Accidents were not reported to the occupational health office in 48% of cases. A positive association was found between suffering at least one accident during the career and the complete use of protective elements in third and fourth year students, PR=2.92 (CI 95% 0.95-8.93); while for fifth and sixth year students it was negative, PR=0.84 (CI 95% 0.50-1.41, p=0.0479).Conclusions: Biological accidents are frequent among our medical students. The importance of using protective elements must be emphasized during the first years of training. Medical students must be educated about the key role of reporting accidents and about post-exposure protocols. Salud UIS 2010; 42:   Keywords: Needlestick injuries, blood-borne pathogens, occupational exposure, occupational health, medical students, medical education, prevalenc

Physical, chemical and biological characterization as support for water governance in a hydrogeological system of Colombia

Understanding the physical, chemical and biological system is an indispensable precondition to addressing groundwater management. This understanding is based on Conceptual Hydrogeological Models, which contain different interpretations and their validity is checked through the application of specific research techniques (numerical modelling, hydrochemistry, isotope hydrology,process evaluation and biological functions). This paper describes the experience carried out by an academic team that, together with entities responsible for the protection of waterresources, established strategic alliances to improve the knowledge of the hydrogeological system,providing new elements for governance. This study was carried out in the Urabá antioqueño zone, located north-west of Colombia. A complex aquifer system is located in the region,characterized by a series of permeable, semi-permeable and impermeable layers. In such alayered aquifer the determination of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the layers and their management are a challenge for researchers because groundwater represents a strategic resource for supplying the population and developing economic activities. Starting from the conceptual hydrogeological model, multiscale numerical modelling exercises have been carried out, enabling the characterization of local, intermediate and regional flow systems. In addition,by determining the natural background level, the concentration ranges of chemical compounds from natural sources were obtained, in order to detect future changes in water quality. It was also possible to examine the stygofauna, which allowed the recognition of different types of organisms (stygobits, stygophiles and stygoxens) associated with underground ecosystems.These scientific elements serve as a support for the management instruments such as the groundwater management plan that is important for water governance, ensuring its future sustainability

6-Methoxyquinoline complexes as lung carcinoma agents: induction of oxidative damage on A549 monolayer and multicellular spheroid model

The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ) 2 Cl 2 ; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ) 2 ] + NO 3 − and H(6MQ) + [Co(6MQ)Cl 3 ] − (where H(6MQ) + is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC 50 (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H 2 DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC 50 values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.Fil: Cadavid Vargas, Juan Fernando. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Villa Perez, Cristian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, M. C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Leon, Ignacio Esteban. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Valencia Uribe, Gloria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Delia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverry, Susana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Di Virgilio, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentin

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda

Se entiende por conflicto armado en Colombia a acontecimientos que inducen a la violencia y a la fuerza en contra de entes gubernamentales que afectan directamente a la comunidad en general, El conflicto armado colombiano se ha caracterizado por ser uno de los más largos del mundo que ha dejado miles de víctimas a su paso (Rojas 2016). Es por ello por lo que el lector en el presente documento encontrará una Narrativa y relatos del sufrimiento a causa del conflicto armado, de los habitantes sobrevivientes de la masacre de El Salado, de sueños y Proyectos de vida que fueron arrebatos o truncados por los hechos ocurridos entre el 16 y el 22 de febrero del año 2000. También, se realiza análisis de los hechos personales, familiares que permitieron la Resiliencia en cada uno de sus habitantes para lograr salir adelante y pensar en el futuro, adicional se plantean unas preguntas Circulares Reflexivas y estratégicas enfocadas a realizar un acercamiento, apoyo y Orientación Psicosocial a las víctimas. De igual modo, encontrará los relatos asociados a el caso de Luz una mujer que fue víctima de conflicto armado en Colombia, sus derechos como ciudadana colombiana fueron vulnerados, al ser abusada sexualmente, intimidada y amenazada por integrantes de un grupo al margen de la ley, que le arrebataron la vida de su esposo, obligándola a abandonar su vivienda y su comunidad. Por último se presenta un plan de atención psicosocial enfocado a la facilitación y la potenciación de recursos de afrontamiento para las víctimas y sobrevivientes de la masacre de El Salado.Armed conflict in Colombia is understood as events that induce violence and force against governmental entities that directly affect the community in general, The Colombian armed conflict has been characterized as one of the longest in the world that has left thousands of victims in its wake, (Rojas 2016). That is why the reader in this document will find a Narrative and accounts of the suffering due to the armed conflict, of the surviving inhabitants of the El Salado massacre, of dreams and Life Projects that were snatched or truncated by the events that occurred between February 16 and 22, 2000. Also, there is an analysis of the personal and family facts that allowed resilience in each of its inhabitants to succeed in moving forward and thinking about the future. In addition, there are some reflective and strategic circular questions focused on the approach, support, and psychosocial orientation to the victims. Similarly, you will find the stories associated with the case of Luz, a woman who was a victim of armed conflict in Colombia, her rights as a Colombian citizen were violated, being sexually abused, intimidated, and threatened by members of a group outside the law, who took the life of her husband, forcing her to leave her home and her community. Finally, a psychosocial care plan focused on the facilitation and empowerment of coping resources for the victims and survivors of the El Salado massacre is presented

6-Methoxyquinoline complexes as lung carcinoma agents: induction of oxidative damage on A549 monolayer and multicellular spheroid model

The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ)₂Cl₂; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ)₂]⁺NO₃⁻ and H(6MQ)⁺[Co(6MQ)Cl₃]⁻ (where H(6MQ)⁺ is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC₅₀ (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H₂DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC₅₀ values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Química Inorgánic

Nickel and cobalt ilmenites-based catalysts for upgrading pyrolytic oil during pyrolysis ofwaste tires

Pyrolysis as a waste treatment method has gained relevance because it can generate higher value-added products in addition to reducing the environment’s secondary pollution. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires was evaluated using NiTiO3 and CoTiO3 ilmenites as catalysts and precursors of metal catalysts with the aim to produce an oil enriched in high-value hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, a xylenes mixture, and products less-reported, such as p-cymene and p-cymenene. The experiments were performed in an analytical pyrolyzer coupled to GC/MS. The effect of the nature of the catalysts on the product distribution was compared with the uncatalyzed reaction. The main products of uncatalyzed pyrolysis were D, L-limonene (~60%), and isoprene (~25%) due to the depolymerization of natural rubber. Meanwhile, Ni-ilmenites-based catalysts favored the formation of target compounds to expense D, L-limonene. Moreover, the presence of metal in reduced-ilmenite sharply enhanced the selectivity by ~50% concerning oxidized ilmenite and above 80% compared to the uncatalyzed reaction for p-cymene and p-cymenene. By contrast, the Co-ilmenites-based catalysts showed a marginal effect on secondary reactions. Finally, the feasibility of forming the aromatic terpenes, p-cymene, and p-cymenene from limonene in the non-catalytic pyrolysis was evaluated.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

Effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan coatings with and without bergamot essential oil on quality and safety of cold-stored grapes

[EN] Biodegradable coatings based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or chitosan (CH) with and without bergamot essential oil were applied to table grapes, cv. Muscatel, in order to find environmentally friendly, healthy treatments with which to better preserve fresh fruit quality and safety during postharvest cold storage. Physicochemical properties (weight loss, °Brix, total phenols, antioxidant activity, colour and texture), respiration rates and microbial counts of samples were determined throughout cold storage. The coatings had a significant effect on the development of quality variables, with the additional effect of essential oil addition as a function of the polysaccharide matrix being especially notable. Although incorporation of essential oil resulted in smaller weight losses and a greater antimicrobial effect, it also led to browner samples when using CH. Chitosan coatings containing bergamot oil were more effective than pure CH and HPMC coatings at inhibiting respiration rates. All the coatings improved the mechanical resistance of the samples at the end of storage. The most recommended coating for Muscatel table grapes is CH containing bergamot oil since, despite only contributing slightly to the sample colour, this showed the highest antimicrobial activity and the greatest control of respiration rates with a reasonably good control of water loss during storage. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Project AGL2007-65503).Sánchez González, L.; Pastor Navarro, C.; Vargas, M.; Chiralt, A.; González Martínez, MC.; Cháfer Nácher, MT. (2011). Effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan coatings with and without bergamot essential oil on quality and safety of cold-stored grapes. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 60(1):57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.11.004S576360