A Privacy-Aware Framework for Decentralized Online Social Networks

Online social networks based on a single service provider suffer several drawbacks, first of all the privacy issues arising from the delegation of user data to a single entity. Distributed online social networks (DOSN) have been recently proposed as an alternative solution allowing users to keep control of theirprivate data. However, the lack of a centralized entity introduces new problems, like the need of defining proper privacy policies for data access and of guaranteeing the availability of user\u27s data when the user disconnects from the social network. This paper introduces a privacy-aware support for DOSN enabling users to define a set of privacy policies which describe who is entitled to access the data in their social profile. These policies are exploited by the DOSN support to decide the re-allocation of the profile when the user disconnects from the socialnetwork.The proposed approach is validated through a set of simulations performed on real traces logged from Facebook

Osservatorio sull’euroletto. Analisi interlinguistica e intralinguistica delle varietà giuridiche in contesto UE

L'intervento realizzato dalla professoressa Laura Mori dell'Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma è stato mirato a presentare protocollo di ricerca applicato all'interno del Gruppo di Ricerca europeo "Osservatorio sull'euroletto" da lei coordinato e che vede coinvolti tredici Atenei con la partecipazione di 24 accademici impegnati nell'analisi di 11 casi linguistici. Dopo la presentazione degli obiettivi, corpus e metodologia la docente si è concentrata su alcuni risultati preliminari provenienti dall'analisi, a più livelli linguistici (lessicale, morfologico, sintattico), emersi dal confronto tra versioni italiane di un corpus di direttive UE in euroletto italiano e le rispettive misure nazionali di attuazione in italiano giuridico nazionale. Gli esempi dimostrano l'azione del contatto interlinguistico e di come l'euroletto italiano si configuri a tutti gli effetti come una varietà legislativa oltre frontiera, esito di un continuo processo traduttivo in contesto UE. Si tratta di un lavoro sistematico volto a contribuire al dibattito sulla redazione e traduzione di testi in un contesto plurilingue

DALL‘ARMONIZZAZIONE ALL‘IBRIDAZIONE NEI TESTI LEGISLATIVI: EVIDENZE LINGUISTICHE E MANIFESTAZIONI INTERCULTURALI NELL‘ITALIANO TRADOTTO

Corpus-oriented studies using the Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus pinpointed patterns featuring Italian eurolect (Corpus A), thus revealing interesting and unexpected differences between national legislative texts derived from EU laws (Corpus B) and those drafted in Italy without any connection with the EU context (Corpus C). Though they all belong to the same legal domain, it is possibile to detect a cross-corpora intralingual variation induced by the situational context, either supranational or national, and related to the legislative plurilinguism/monolinguism as well as to the role of translation and language policies in order to guarantee lawmaking drafting quality. Therefore, in this paper we are presenting the hypothesis of “harmonised texts”resulted from drafting EU law whereas at national level hybridisation takes place when transposing EU directives into national laws. Infact, data at our disposal show the hybrid nature of implementing laws (Corpus B) which are inbetween Corpus A and C. The relationship with EU law, on the one hand, and with national Italian law, on the other, is not clear-cut and it is characterised by a bidirectionality. This study aims at gathering cross-corpora data in order to show two translation trends at play: harmonisation due to language contact shaping Corpus A and standardisation that is to say the projection towards Corpus C as a reference model of national legal traditions.Los estudios realizados sobre el Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus han permitido identificar las características del eurolecto italiano (Corpus A), destacando interesantes e inesperadas diferencias entre los textos legislativos nacionales de derivación europea (Corpus B) y las normas redactadas en Italia (Corpus C). Aunque se trata de corpus que pertenecen al ámbito jurídico y representan el mismo género textual, la variación intralingüística que se observa se debe claramente a los contextos supranacional o nacional de referencia, en relación con el plurilingüismo o monolingüismo legislativo, el papel de la traducción interlingüística y las diferencias de política lingüística respecto a la actividad de control de calidad de la redacción. Se supone, pues, que se pase de textos armonizados redactados utilizando una variedad legislativa europea –el eurolecto– a textos híbridos, en cuanto normas derivadas del dictado europeo, pero proyectadas hacia la tradición jurídica nacional. Esta hipótesis es suportada por los resultados que destacan el carácter híbrido de las leyes de actuación de las directivas europeas así como la bidireccionalidad de la variación que diferencia el Corpus B tanto da A como da C. Por lo tanto, se propone interpretar los datos que surgen de la comparación entre los corpus atribuyéndolos a la acción de dos tendencias traductivas: la armonización debida a la traducción interlingüística, que caracteriza el Corpus A, y la estandarización respecto a la proyección hacia el Corpus C como modelo de referencia nacional

Distributed Access Control through Blockchain Technology

We defined a distributed access control system on top of blockchain technology. The underlying idea is to properly represent the access rights of the subjects in the blockchain in order to easily allow their enforcement at access request time. By leveraging blockchain advantages we can add new desired properties, such as auditability, to the access control system. To prove the feasibility and validate the proposed approach we developed a proof of concept implementation and performed some relevant experiments

TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity

STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in homeostatic and host defense processes in the human body. It is activated by numerous cytokines and growth factors and generates a series of cellular effects. Of the STAT-mediated signal transduction pathways, STAT3 transcriptional control is best understood. Jak kinase dependent activation of STAT3 relies on Y705 phosphorylation triggering a conformational switch that is stabilized by intermolecular interactions between SH2 domains and the pY705 motif. We here show that a second tyrosine phosphorylation within the SH2 domain at position Y640, induced by Tyk2, negatively controls STAT3 activity. The Y640F mutation leads to stabilization of activated STAT3 homodimers, accelerated nuclear translocation and superior transcriptional activity following IL-6 and LIF stimulation. Moreover, it unlocks type I IFN-dependent STAT3 signalling in cells that are normally refractory to STAT3 transcriptional activation

Eficiencia de biofiltro atmosférico de musgos para la remoción de plomo (Pb) en el kilómetro 6.5 de la Carretera Central, Ate - 2018

El desarrollo de esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cuál de los dos biofiltros de musgo Sematophyllum y Sphagnum moss es más eficiente en la remoción de plomo atmosférico, en el kilómetro 6.5 de la carretera central del distrito de Ate. La concentración de material particulado con plomo atmosférico existente durante muchos años fue de 313 μg/m3. Se colocaron 6 puntos de tratamiento en el área de trabajo, las cuales contenían 3 biofiltros de musgo por cada especie, en un total de 6 biofiltros, en una altura de 3 metros. El procedimiento para los biofiltros de musgos se pesó en cantidades de 100, 150 y 200 g a las especies de Sematophyllum y Sphagnum moss, esto se realizó para determinar cuál es la concentración optima de plomo. Se analizó las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los musgos Sematophyllum y Sphagnum moss necesarias para la remoción del plomo. El tiempo de exposición de los biofltros fue de 15 y 30 días en el mes de octubre del 2018. Los resultados obtenidos fueron en la especie musgos Sematophyllum para 15 días de 89.01% y en 30 días de 73.33%, en la especie Sphagnum moss, se obtuvo porcentajes menores para 15 días de 66.88 % y en 30 días de 47,87 %, la especie que mejor remueve el plomo atmosférico es el musgo Sematophyllum

Los europeísmos en la lexicografía española desde una perspectiva sociolingüística

El presente trabajo se desarrolla en el ámbito del proyecto internacional “The Eurolect Observatory. Interlingual and intralingual analysis of EU legal varieties”, investigación que tiene como objetivo analizar las variedades legislativas de la UE (“eurolectos”, Mori, 2018a) que se han ido conformando en el marco de los diasistemas lingüísticos de 11 idiomas oficiales de la Unión Europea.El estudio se ocupa de cómo la lexicografía monolingüe del español incluye y trata los “europeísmos”, es decir, variantes léxicas relacionadas con la realidad de la UE, que se originan en el marco jurídico de la Unión Europea y presentan evidencias de contacto interlingüístico. El objetivo es averiguar el grado de aceptación del léxico del eurolecto español en los diccionarios, comprobando su inclusión en estos y analizando las posibles diferencias en las entradas.A partir de una selección de unidades léxicas, se realiza un análisis en la última edición de las siguientes obras: Diccionario del español actual de Manuel Seco, Olimpia Andrés y Gabino Ramos (2011, DEA), Clave. Diccionario de uso del español actual (2012, CLA), Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (ASALE) (2014, DLE), Diccionario de uso del español de María Moliner (2016, DUE).Los resultados muestran en general una pobre representación de la categoría léxica de los europeísmos. El diccionario más sensible a la variación léxica asociada al eurolecto es DLE; en cambio, en CLA es más evidente la inclusión de lexemas que se refieren a la realidad europea formados con el prefijoide euro- (europalabras).En conclusión, la imagen que emerge muestra escasa consideración y perspectivas lexicográficas diferentes de los diccionarios seleccionados hacia las dinámicas de variación interna y la difusión de las unidades léxicas de procedencia europea en distintas variedades contextuales del españolAbstractThe present work is developed in the sphere of the international project “The Eurolect Observatory. Interlingual and intralingual analysis of EU legal varieties ”, a research that aims to analyse the EU legislative varieties (“ eurolects ”, Mori, 2018a) that have been formed within the framework of the linguistic diasystems of 11 official languages of the European Union.The study deals with how monolingual lexicography of Spanish includes and treats "Europeanism", that is, lexical variants related to the reality of the EU, which originate in the legal framework of the European Union and present evidence of interlinguistic contact. The objective is to find out the degree of acceptance of the lexicon of the Spanish Eurolect in dictionaries, checking its inclusion in these and analyzing the possible differences in the entries.Based on a selection of lexical units, an analysis is made in the latest edition of the following works:  Diccionario del español actual by Manuel Seco, Olimpia Andrés and Gabino Ramos (2011, DEA), Clave. Diccionario de uso del español actual  (2012, CLA), Diccionario de la lengua española of the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (ASALE) (2014, DLE), and María Moliner’s Diccionario de uso del español of (2016 , DUE).The results show in general a poor representation of the lexical category of Europeanism. The most sensitive dictionary to the lexical variation associated with the eurolect is DLE; On the other hand, in CLA the inclusion of lexemes that refer to the European reality formed with the prefix Euro- (Europalabras) is more evident.In conclusion, the image that emerges shows little consideration and different lexicographic perspectives of the selected dictionaries towards the dynamics of internal variation and the diffusion of the lexical units of European origin in different contextual varieties of Spanish

Inhibition of Hedgehog-dependent tumors and cancer stem cells by a newly identified naturally occurring chemotype

Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitors have emerged as valid tools in the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Indeed, aberrant activation of the Hh pathway occurring either by ligand-dependent or -independent mechanisms is a key driver in tumorigenesis. The smoothened (Smo) receptor is one of the main upstream transducers of the Hh signaling and is a validated target for the development of anticancer compounds, as underlined by the FDA-approved Smo antagonist Vismodegib (GDC-0449/Erivedge) for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. However, Smo mutations that confer constitutive activity and drug resistance have emerged during treatment with Vismodegib. For this reason, the development of new effective Hh inhibitors represents a major challenge for cancer therapy. Natural products have always represented a unique source of lead structures in drug discovery, and in recent years have been used to modulate the Hh pathway at multiple levels. Here, starting from an in house library of natural compounds and their derivatives, we discovered novel chemotypes of Hh inhibitors by mean of virtual screening against the crystallographic structure of Smo. Hh functional based assay identified the chalcone derivative 12 as the most effective Hh inhibitor within the test set. The chalcone 12 binds the Smo receptor and promotes the displacement of Bodipy-Cyclopamine in both Smo WT and drug-resistant Smo mutant. Our molecule stands as a promising Smo antagonist able to specifically impair the growth of Hh-dependent tumor cells in vitro and in vivo and medulloblastoma stem-like cells and potentially overcome the associated drug resistance