Fry Survival Rate as a Predictive Marker of Optimal Production of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Valenciennes 1844): A Biostatistical Study in Deroua Fish Farm, Morocco

Several indicators show that the world population is rapidly increasing with prospects of reaching close to 10 billion people in 2050. Optimal production of fish is a tentative goal to ensure human feeding and resources sustainability. The present study was performed on eggs of the silver carp, collected during the breeding season of consecutive years with different environmental temperature profiles at the Deroua Fisheries Station to evaluate the seasonal and inter-seasonal changes of eggs quality in order to promote a predictive marker for optimal production of silver carp. The viability of the obtained eggs was detected using ANOVA followed by the Tukey test to analyze fertilization rate, embryos survival rate, and fry survival rate. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the fertilization and survival rate of the embryos during the two breeding seasons, and therefore these can not be used as an adequate criterion to predict the viability of the fry of silver carp. Although the survival rate of the fry did not change during the first season, it changed significantly during the second when there was an increase in the environmental temperature. This factor could be responsible for the disturbance of the females’ oogenesis and consequently the degradation of the eggs’ quality. The results showed that the fry survival rate could be used as a parameter to predict the yield of silver carp production rather than the success of fertilization and the survival of embryos. This paper discusses the importance and scope of this approach

Advanced Paternal Age Does Not Affect Medically-Relevant Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes following IVF or ICSI in Humans with Donated Oocytes

Background: Concomitant with delays in childbearing, concerns have been raised of whether advanced paternal age is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, but the evidence is controversial in part due to the uncertain threshold in which to consider advanced paternal age and confounding maternal factors. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcomes related to the pregnancy and perinatal health of the offspring. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 16,268 cases of patients who underwent IVF or ICSI (using autologous sperm and donated oocytes, between January 2008 and March 2020, at Spanish IVIRMA clinics. Patients were divided based on paternal age at conception [≤30 (n = 204), 31–40 (n = 5752), and >40 years (n = 10,312)], and the differences in obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were analyzed by descriptive analysis, followed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Fathers 31–40 and >40 years old were associated with lower odds of caesarean delivery [AOR 0.63 (95% CI, 0.44–0.90; p = 0.012) and AOR 0.61 (95% CI, 0.41–0.91; p = 0.017), respectively] and longer pregnancies [ARC 5.09 (95% CI, 2.39–7.79; p < 0.001) and ARC 4.54 (95% CI, 1.51–7.58; p = 0.003), respectively] with respect to fathers ≤30 years old. Furthermore, fathers aged 31–40 years old had lower odds of having a female infant (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49–0.99; p = 0.045) than those ≤30. The rest of obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, which we deemed more medically-relevant as they were considered serious for health, were comparable between groups with our adjusted model. Conclusions: Despite this hopeful message to fathers of advanced paternal age, future studies should consider the short- and long-term outcomes of the offspring and try to better elucidate the associations of advanced paternal age with reproductive outcomes and the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed associations

CONSERVAZIONE INTEGRATA DI UNA PIANTA RARA E MINACCIATA E DELLA COMUNITA' DEI SUOI IMPOLLINATORI SELVATICI: PROGETTO LIFE+ PP-ICON (LIFE09/NAT/IT/000212)

Il progetto PP-ICON (Plant Pollinator Integrated CONservation approach: a demonstrative proposal) è un progetto LIFE+ Biodiversità della durata di 4 anni incentrato sulla conservazione integrata di una pianta localmente rara, Dictamnus albus L., e sulla comunità dei suoi impollinatori. Il sito di intervento si trova all'interno di un’area protetta della provincia di Bologna (Parco Regionale dei Gessi Bolognesi e Calanchi dell'Abbadessa), che è anche un sito di interesse comunitario (SIC-ZPS IT4050001 Rete Natura2000). Le azioni si concentrano in quattro ambiti principali: gestione dell'habitat, salvaguardia degli impollinatori, sensibilizzazione degli stakeholders e divulgazione. Gli interventi sull’habitat sono consistiti nella creazione di schiarite boschive, al fine di ristabilire le migliori condizioni ambientali per la persistenza della pianta, che soffre per la chiusura del bosco. Sono stati individuati gli impollinatori effettivi del dittamo, al fine di fornire loro siti di nidificazione idonei, e alcune specie di bombi sono state allevate artificialmente e reintrodotte nella zona. Il sostentamento degli impollinatori è stato anche favorito dall'incremento delle fonti mellifere, ossia della flora spontanea necessaria a fornire loro nettare e polline. A tale scopo sono state scelte 16 specie già presenti nell'area e con una fioritura scalare, per garantire la presenza di fonti alimentari per tutto il periodo di sviluppo degli insetti. Il successo delle azioni di conservazione viene valutato attraverso il monitoraggio periodico della fitness della pianta e della diversità degli impollinatori. Dopo tre anni dall'inizio del progetto la gestione del bosco ha dato esito positivo, con un incremento della luce incidente nelle due aree di taglio di rispettivamente 5 e 2 volte rispetto alle due aree di controllo, e un aumento di 6 volte del numero di piante fiorite. L'introduzione di 6 gruppi di nidi artificiali ha avuto successo per diverse specie di api solitarie (es. varie Megachilidae e Xylocopa sp.), mentre i 10 nidi per bombi non sono stati colonizzati. Tuttavia, in tre anni, 17 colonie di Bombus terrestris sono state allevate con successo in laboratorio e reintrodotte nella zona. Le piante nettarifere trapiantate vengono assiduamente visitate dagli impollinatori selvatici e, anche se i dati del monitoraggio indicano ancora una generale scarsità di fauna impollinatrice, vi è una relazione positiva tra abbondanza degli impollinatori e diversità delle specie di fiori; nell’anno successivo all’introduzione delle nettarifere infatti l’indice di Shannon è aumentato in media di 0,25 punti ogni mese rispetto all’anno precedente. Gli eventi di divulgazione, che si concentrano sul rapporto tra piante e impollinatori e sulle strategie per la loro conservazione, hanno attirato un numero sempre crescente di persone negli anni del progetto, contribuendo a sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica sull'importante tema della conservazione della biodiversità

The invasion history of Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae) in Italy from herbarium accessions, field records and historical literature

We analysed the invasion history of two North American macrophytes (Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii) in Italy, through an accurate census of all available herbarium and field records, dating between 1850 and 2019, and a rich literature col- lection describing the initial introduction and natu- ralisation phase that supports the results obtained by the occurrence records. Elodea canadensis arrived in Italy before 1866 and had two invasion phases, between the 1890s and 1920s and between the 1990s and 2000s; E. nuttallii, probably arrived in the 1970s, started invading in 2000 and the invasion is still ongoing. Botanical gardens and fish farming played a crucial role in dispersal and naturalisation of both species. The current invasion range of both species is centred in northern Italy, with scattered occurrences of E. canadensis in central and southern regions. River Po represents a dispersal barrier to the Medi- terranean region and a strategic monitoring site to prevent the invasion in the peninsula. The study detects differences in the niches of the two species during the introduction and naturalisation phase and a habitat switch occurred after 1980 in E. canadensis and after 2000 in E. nuttallii, during their expansion phases. For E. canadensis the switch corresponds to the second invasion round. Further research can clarify whether the second invasion round is due to confusion of the recently introduced E. nuttallii with E. canadensis, to a cryptic introduction of a new genotype, to post-introduction evolution, or just to an increased scientific interest in biological invasions

La dimensione storica delle invasioni nelle acque dolci italiane

none51noneCarla Lambertini, Fabrizio Buldrini, Martina Barbero, Alessandro Chiarucci, Juri Nascimbene, Alessandro Alessandrini, Lucia Amadei, Sebastiano Andreatta, Nicola Maria Giuseppe Ardenghi, Stefano Armiraglio, Simonetta Bagella, Rossano Bolpagni, Ilaria Bonini, Daniela Bouvet, Lisa Brancaleoni, Giuseppe Brundu, Massimo Buccheri, Gabriella Buffa, Simona Ceschin, Annalena Cogoni, Gianniantonio Domina, Luigi Forte, Riccardo Guarino, Leonardo Gubellini, Laura Guglielmone, Nicole Hofmann, Mauro Iberite, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Fernando Lucchese, Rossella Marcucci, Giacomo Mei, Umberto Mossetti, Nicodemo Giuseppe Passalacqua, Simonetta Peccenini, Filippo Prosser, Gianni Repetto, Gabriele Rinaldi, Enrico Romani, Leonardo Rosati, Annalisa Santangelo, Anna Scoppola, Giovanni Spampinato, Adriano Stinca, Maria Tavano, Caruso Fulvio Tomsich, Roberta Vangelisti, Roberto Venanzoni, Marisa Vidali, Thomas Wilhalm, Francesco Zonca, Giovanna PezziLambertini, Carla; Buldrini, Fabrizio; Barbero, Martina; Chiarucci, Alessandro; Nascimbene, Juri; Alessandrini, Alessandro; Amadei, Lucia; Andreatta, Sebastiano; Maria Giuseppe Ardenghi, Nicola; Armiraglio, Stefano; Bagella, Simonetta; Bolpagni, Rossano; Bonini, Ilaria; Bouvet, Daniela; Brancaleoni, Lisa; Brundu, Giuseppe; Buccheri, Massimo; Buffa, Gabriella; Ceschin, Simona; Cogoni, Annalena; Domina, Gianniantonio; Forte, Luigi; Guarino, Riccardo; Gubellini, Leonardo; Guglielmone, Laura; Hofmann, Nicole; Iberite, Mauro; Lastrucci, Lorenzo; Lucchese, Fernando; Marcucci, Rossella; Mei, Giacomo; Mossetti, Umberto; Giuseppe Passalacqua, Nicodemo; Peccenini, Simonetta; Prosser, Filippo; Repetto, Gianni; Rinaldi, Gabriele; Romani, Enrico; Rosati, Leonardo; Santangelo, Annalisa; Scoppola, Anna; Spampinato, Giovanni; Stinca, Adriano; Tavano, Maria; Fulvio Tomsich, Caruso; Vangelisti, Roberta; Venanzoni, Roberto; Vidali, Marisa; Wilhalm, Thomas; Zonca, Francesco; Pezzi, Giovann

Invasion trends of aquatic Ludwigia hexapetala and L. peploides subsp. montevidensis (Onagraceae) in Italy based on herbarium records and global datasets

Identifying areas susceptible to invasion by an alien species is a strategy of prevention. We used national herbaria and global databases to assess the invasion trends of the two aquatic invasive species Ludwigia hexapetala and Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis in Italy. We defined the invasion status with invasion curves and predicted potentially suitable areas with Species Distribution Models based on WorldClim variables and the human footprint index. Low seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation, temperature ≥ 20 °C in the driest period of the year and low precipitation in the coldest period are the bioclimatic factors that most account for the potential distribution of the two species. The human footprint has a lower relative importance than bioclimatic variables. All Italian peninsula appears as a suitable bioclimatic environment for the invasion of the two Ludwigia species, with over 90% of areas with high suitability lying below 600 m altitude. Only mountain regions and the islands appear less suitable. The agricultural land at the foothill of the Appennine in the Mediterranean region is the most vulnerable to the invasion. Considering the trend of the invasion curves, which have been sharply rising for the latest decades, there are reasons to expect that the alien Ludwigia species will continue their expansion, if no timely and effective actions are taken. Informative campaigns, accurate monitoring and prompt management are fundamental preventive tools in areas predicted as vulnerable to invasion by this study

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia