Assurance of learning standards and scaling strategies to enable expansion of experiential learning courses in management education

In today’s dynamic globalized business environment, management educators must develop pedagogies that support students to manage and lead in rapidly changing business contexts. An increasing number of institutions use experiential learning as a component of their curriculum to address this challenge. Initially, a response to industry criticism that graduates were unable effectively apply skills needed to be successful, experiential learning has become a baseline expectation in management education programs. Students increasingly expect opportunities to practice and demonstrate competency in the theories they learn in the classroom by applying them in real-world projects. However, expanding such opportunities for students is limited by a unique set of complex administrative challenges inherent in this approach. To expand opportunities for students, institutions must overcome scalability obstacles resulting from the customized nature of the offerings. Business challenges where student teams work with external partners provide a real world learning experience. But they also pose difficulty in applying a standardized approach to assurance of learning. Course content must be redeveloped each time the course is offered, as external projects must be sourced, leading to input and output variation. Advising, monitoring, and assessing students is resource intensive, because at many schools each team is assigned a different business challenge. This article offers a set of assurance of learning standards that institutions can apply to project-based experiential learning courses and posits that greater cross-departmental integration in sourcing projects and better use of technology can increase the efficacy and efficiency of the courses to address the scalability issue.Educatio

The Rhetoric of Innocence

This Article promotes the serious consideration of innocence in the criminal process, and gives meaning to the rhetoric surrounding the presumption of innocence. The first part illustrates the near irrelevance of innocence in an accusatorial system of justice where burdens of proof require proof of guilt The second and third parts of the Article discuss the meaning of the presumption of innocence. It is argued that legislatures and courts have ignored the tension between the conflicting goals of the criminal process by thinking of the presumption of innocence as a legal presumption. As a legal presumption, its effects are indistinguishable from the reasonable doubt rule. Arguments are presented that the presumption should be factually based so that jurors are asked to assume the accused\u27s innocence in fact. This Article concludes with a proposal for a factually based assumption of innocence

Corporate Liability, Risk Shifting, and the Paradox of Compliance

The evolution of corporate criminal law is explained by the shifting risks of liability and loss between corporations and their agents in accommodating the illogic of vicarious liability. A vivid example of the effects of this risk shifting is seen with the recent emergence of the good citizen corporation movement. This movement en- courages prosecutors with vast discretion to leverage indictments and convictions of subordinate agents, resort to civil and administrative actions against large and medium-sized corporations in place of criminal indictments, compromise agent indemnification, and enforce corporate self-regulation through elaborate plea agreements. Not surprisingly, organizations tend to conceive of corporate compliance, no less corporate ethics, as matters of risk management that serve an important insurance function. Corporations that purchase only the amount of compliance necessary to effectively shift liability away from the firm encourage moral hazards. After risks are transferred, the firm\u27s incentive to maintain high levels of care decreases. Crimes once imputed to the firm remain with wayward agents. Given equivocal evidence of compliance effectiveness, the rise of the good corporate citizenship movement risks undermining the objectives and spirit of the corporate criminal law

Use of borohydride to determine the difference in the developable density for a chemically sensitized and non-sensitized emulsion.

An emulsion prepared so as to minimize the effect of any chemical action on the grains was in its primitive state, i.e., that no chemical sensitizing had occurred during the formation of the emulsion grains in inert gelatin. Another emulsion was made so as to maximize the effect of any chemical action on the grains by chemical sensitizing methods. This emulsion was also prepared in inert gelatin. Sodium Borohydride was added at various levels of concentration to chemically fog both emulsions. The developable density was measured. Also, an attempt was made to measure the amount of reduction sensitization occurring if any. The loss of sodium borohydride in a 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution was minimum for the time used. An appreciable difference in the photographic effect produced by the use of sodium borohydride was measured and observed. Density is proportional to concentration of sodium borohydride added for the primitive emulsion. Some reduction sensitization was measurable on the primitive emulsion

Wall Street and Progressivism

On the margins of the partisan political divide is a groundswell of anti-corporate rhetoric conjuring images of an unbridled, unregulated, and uncontrollable corporate America. This Essay considers a casualty of this progressive imagery: serious legislative and regulatory reforms to ensure corporate accountability. Demonizing all corporations does little to promote a progressive reform agenda. More important, the absence of evidence-based policies and legislative reforms raises concerns, especially in light of the history of twentieth-century progressive thought and commitment to the role of science in law making

On Upper Bounds for Toroidal Mosaic Numbers

In this paper, we work to construct mosaic representations of knots on the torus, rather than in the plane. This consists of a particular choice of the ambient group, as well as different definitions of contiguous and suitably connected. We present conditions under which mosaic numbers might decrease by this projection, and present a tool to measure this reduction. We show that the order of edge identification in construction of the torus sometimes yields different resultant knots from a given mosaic when reversed. Additionally, in the Appendix we give the catalog of all 2 by 2 torus mosaics.Comment: 10 pages, 111 figure

Ultraviolet-B (290 – 320 nm)-Irradiation Inhibits Epidermal Growth-Factor Binding to Mammalian Cells

Mitogens, such as polypeptide growth factors and phorbol ester tumor promoters, act by binding to specific receptors and inducing a pleiotrophic response in cultured mammalian cells, which results in the induction of cellular proliferation. An early effect of such agents is the inhibition of binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ot its receptor. Ultravoilet radiation has also been shown to induce a proliferative response in vivo and in vitro and to act as a tumor promoter in animal skin. WE, therefore, examined the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVB—290–320 nm) on EGF binding to cells in culture. We found that UVB (100–300 J/m2) induced a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition of EGF binding in a mouse fibroblast cell line, which resulted from a decrease in both number and affinity of binding sites. Phosphorylation of the EGF receptor by protein kinase C (PKC) is not likely to be the mechanism for inhibition, since UVB treatment did not result in PKC activation or modulation of phorbol diester binding