SURVEY THE MUTATION OF FGB (BETA FIBRINOGEN) AND FV (FACTOR V LEIDEN), FACTOR XIII AND FACTOR II (PROTHROMBIN), IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT ABORTIONS ALONG WITH NORMAL KARYOTYPE

Some pregnancies are abnormal in human genetically and end with the spontaneous abortion, which is the most common problem of pregnancy. The recurrent abortions are often referred to as multifactorial disease that one of which is thrombosis. The thrombosis in placenta capillaries seems to disturb the blood circulation between the mother and the fetus and eventually lead to abortion. Recently, studies have shown that genetic basis for thrombophilia relates with recurrent abortion. The aim of this study is the survey of G1691A and G4070A mutations in the Factor V gene, -455G>A mutation in the gen of XIII factor, G103T mutation in Beta fibrinogen and A20210G mutation in the thrombin gene. The samples were collected from 60 patients referred to Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital .DNA was extracted from patients' blood samples by multiple PCR simultaneously containing different mutations were duplicated then the existence of mutation was evaluated by the strip technique. The genes mutation of G1691A in Factor V, G4070A in Factor V, G103T in Beta fibrinogen, -455G>A in the XIII factor and G20210A were identified 6.6, 45, 36, 40 and 3.3 respectively. Studies on the other population showed that frequency of examined mutations varies with other communities. Anyway, more samples are required in order to obtain more accurate statistics related to the frequency of mutations

Numerical investigation of channel width variation in junctionless transistors performance

Double gate junctionless (DGJLT) transistor, as a pinch off device, was previously fabricated. In this letter, the impact of channel width variation on behaviour of the device is studied by means of 3D-TCAD simulation tool. In this matter, the transfer characteristics, energy band diagram (valence/conduction band) and normal electric field along the nanowire between the source and the drain are studied at pinch off state. By decreasing the nanowire width, the on current decreases. Threshold voltage also reduced by decreasing the wire width. The highest electric field occurs at off state and the normal component of the electric field is stronger for smaller channel width. At pinch off state, the energy band diagrams revealed that a potential barrier against the current flow was built in channel which the smallest width has higher potential barrier. The overall result agrees with the behaviour of the nanowire junctionless transistors

Study of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG Genes Expression in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Introduction: lung cancer is a disease that is characterized by an uncontrolled growth of the cell in the lung tissue. This cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factor are the main regulators of maintaining vitality state and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genes expression of SOX2 in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: in this research, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factors were investigated in peripheral blood of 30 patients with NSCLC. For this purpose, after RNA extraction from patients' blood by TRIzol then cDNA synthesis, the expression of the genes was analyzed by Real Time PCR technique and using specific primers for the genes. Results: after reviewing the results by Graph Pad software and t-test, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG expression in patient samples was significantly higher than normal samples. Discussion: the expression of the genes studied in this research in the patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than normal. Regarding the gene expression profile, it seems that the gene is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer

Silver/gold core/shell nanowire monolayer on a QCM microsensor for enhanced mercury detection

The formation of a silver nanowire monolayer (Ag NWML) galvanically replaced with gold (Au) directly on the electrodes of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducer for non-spectroscopic based elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor sensing is reported in this study. The modification of Ag NWML to Ag/Au alloyed (Ag/Au NWML) structures through galvanic replacement (GR) reaction was found to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors. Following GR reaction, the morphology of the Ag nanowires was found to change without deforming the monolayer packing arrangement. Interestingly, the selectivity of the sensor toward Hg0 vapor was increased by increasing the Au concentration during the GR reaction. The Ag/Au NWML based sensor which was modified using a 2 mM Au solution was found to produce 3 times higher sensitivity compared to the Au control QCM as well as having more than 95% accuracy and >90% repeatability. This was found to be due to the formation of Ag/Au alloys (Ag/Au NWML) with active sites that had a high affinity toward Hg0 vapor

Intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with improved survival in colorectal cancer patients: Independent of oncogenetic features

Surgical oncolog

Proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Proinflammatory cytokines can play an important role in intestinal inflammation, while their production is under genetic control. Methods: This study was performed in a group of patients with IBS to analyze the genotype frequencies of a number polymorphic genes coding for proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 (IL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1 group). Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, the cytokine genes were amplified, and alleles and genotypes of 71 patients with IBS were detected on gel electrophoresis, and the results were compared with healthy control subjects. Results: Results of the analyzed data showed that the frequencies IL-1R C allele at position Pst-I 1970 (P = 0.017), IL-6 G allele at position -174 (P = 0.002), and TNF-α G allele at position -238 (P < 0.001) in the patient group were significantly higher than the control group. IL-6 GG genotype (-174) and TNF-α GG genotype (-238) in the patient group were also significantly overrepresented (P < 0.001), while IL-6 CG genotype (-174) and TNF-α GA genotype (-238) were significantly decreased in the patients with IBS (P < 0.001). The frequencies of IL-6 (-174, nt565) GG haplotype and TNF-α (-308, -238) GG haplotype were also significantly higher in the patient group (P < 0.001), whereas the frequencies of the haplotypes IL-6 CG and TNF-α GA were significantly decreased in the patients with IBS (P < 0.001). Conclusion: IL-6 and TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms could change individual susceptibility to IBS and might have a role in pathophysiology of disease. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy: Strategies, challenges, and successes

Targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules into cancer cells is considered as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is conjugated to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers, have emerged as a promising class of anticancer treatment agents, being one of the fastest growing fields in cancer therapy. The failure of early ADCs led researchers to explore strategies to develop more effective and improved ADCs with lower levels of unconjugated mAbs and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody, which show improved pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic indexes, and safety profiles. Such improvements resulted in the US Food and Drug Administration approvals of brentuximab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine, and, more recently, inotuzumab ozogamicin. In addition, recent clinical outcomes have sparked additional interest, which leads to the dramatically increased number of ADCs in clinical development. The present review explores ADCs, their main characteristics, and new research developments, as well as discusses strategies for the selection of the most appropriate target antigens, mAbs, cytotoxic drugs, linkers, and conjugation chemistries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy: Strategies, challenges, and successes

Targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules into cancer cells is considered as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is conjugated to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers, have emerged as a promising class of anticancer treatment agents, being one of the fastest growing fields in cancer therapy. The failure of early ADCs led researchers to explore strategies to develop more effective and improved ADCs with lower levels of unconjugated mAbs and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody, which show improved pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic indexes, and safety profiles. Such improvements resulted in the US Food and Drug Administration approvals of brentuximab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine, and, more recently, inotuzumab ozogamicin. In addition, recent clinical outcomes have sparked additional interest, which leads to the dramatically increased number of ADCs in clinical development. The present review explores ADCs, their main characteristics, and new research developments, as well as discusses strategies for the selection of the most appropriate target antigens, mAbs, cytotoxic drugs, linkers, and conjugation chemistries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc