The Effect of Mindfulness on the P3 Event-related Potential

Mindfulness meditation and training have recently been recognized as a way of learning to control one’s attention and being present in the moment and without judgment (Norris et al 2018). Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of mindfulness in everyday life (Yakobi et al 2021; Deng et al 2019). The purpose of this study is to establish a physiological measure of mindfulness based on the P300 Event-Related-Potential (ERP) in the visual domain. This study employed an XO oddball paradigm to gauge the effect of a novel stimulus on the P3 ERP in relation to an individual’s level of mindfulness. In a previous condition, it was hypothesized that the participant\u27s P3 amplitude for the novel stimuli would not be significantly different from the P3 amplitudes of the common stimuli. The results of this condition found an insignificant difference in the P3 ERP amplitude when comparing the common (M = 0.034, SD = 0.027) and odd stimuli (M = 0.082, SD = .074); t(10) = -1.951, p = .0796. The current condition of this study recruited 21 participants to compare changes in the P3 ERP waveform component as they performed oddball and meditative breath counting tasks before and after a 4-month mindfulness training course. It was predicted that the P3 amplitudes elicited by the novel stimuli will decrease with training. In addition, it was hypothesized that experienced meditators would have more attentional control compared to novice meditators

Supporting safe and gradual reduction of long-term benzodiazepine receptor agonist use: development of the SAFEGUARDING-BZRAs toolkit using a codesign approach.

INTRODUCTION: Long-term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use persists in healthcare settings worldwide and poses risks of patient harm. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an intervention to support discontinuation of long-term BZRA use among willing individuals. METHODS: The intervention development process aligned with the UK Medical Research Council's complex intervention framework. This involved a previous systematic review of brief interventions targeting long-term BZRA use in primary care and qualitative interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework that explored barriers and facilitators to discontinuing long-term BZRA use. A codesign approach was used involving an active partnership between experts by experience, researchers and clinicians. Intervention content was specified in terms of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). RESULTS: The SAFEGUARDING-BZRAs (Supporting sAFE and GradUAl ReDuctIon of loNG-term BenZodiazepine Receptor Agonist uSe) toolkit comprises 24 BCTs and includes recommendations targeted at primary care-based clinicians for operationalizing each BCT to support individuals with BZRA discontinuation. CONCLUSION: The SAFEGUARDING-BZRAs toolkit has been developed using a systematic and theory-based approach that addresses identified limitations of previous research. Further research is needed to assess its usability and acceptability by service users and clinicians, as well as its potential to effectively support safe and gradual reduction of long-term BZRA use. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The qualitative interview phase included patients as participants. The codesign process included 'experts by experience' with either current or previous experience of long-term BZRA use as collaborators

Supporting safe and gradual reduction of long‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist use: Development of the SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs toolkit using a codesign approach

Abstract Introduction Long‐term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use persists in healthcare settings worldwide and poses risks of patient harm. Objective This study aimed to develop an intervention to support discontinuation of long‐term BZRA use among willing individuals. Methods The intervention development process aligned with the UK Medical Research Council's complex intervention framework. This involved a previous systematic review of brief interventions targeting long‐term BZRA use in primary care and qualitative interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework that explored barriers and facilitators to discontinuing long‐term BZRA use. A codesign approach was used involving an active partnership between experts by experience, researchers and clinicians. Intervention content was specified in terms of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Results The SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs (Supporting sAFE and GradUAl ReDuctIon of loNG‐term BenZodiazepine Receptor Agonist uSe) toolkit comprises 24 BCTs and includes recommendations targeted at primary care‐based clinicians for operationalizing each BCT to support individuals with BZRA discontinuation. Conclusion The SAFEGUARDING‐BZRAs toolkit has been developed using a systematic and theory‐based approach that addresses identified limitations of previous research. Further research is needed to assess its usability and acceptability by service users and clinicians, as well as its potential to effectively support safe and gradual reduction of long‐term BZRA use. Patient or Public Contribution The qualitative interview phase included patients as participants. The codesign process included ‘experts by experience’ with either current or previous experience of long‐term BZRA use as collaborators