Approche néolibérale de la transition du leadership mondial entre les États-Unis et la Chine

Dans un contexte de bouleversements économiques et politiques profonds ces dernières années, la montée en puissance de la Chine amène la question d’une transition de pouvoir du leadership mondial entre les États-Unis et cette dernière. Cette problématique est donc naturellement au centre de nombreux débats entre les penseurs des théories des relations internationales. Parmi ceux-ci, deux grands courants s’affrontent : tout d’abord, les réalistes adeptes d’une vision très pragmatique des relations entre États où l’intérêt national prime avant toutes autres considérations et pour qui comme l’a souvent démontré l’histoire, la transition ne se fera pas de manière pacifiste. Ensuite, le courant libéral tente lui de démontrer qu’une transition plus douce est possible, et notamment en raison d’une interdépendance forte et complexe entre ces deux pays. L’angle d’approche privilégié sera libéral, et plus précisément néo-libéral en parcourant ses théories : la pax democratica, la pax economica, mais aussi les concepts d’interdépendance complexe et de la coopération internationale. Celles-ci s’articulent autour de la notion de puissance que peut détenir un État et comment il l’utilise pour maximiser la conduite de son leadership. Ces deux grandes puissances mondiales sont amenées à beaucoup échanger, que ce soit sur le plan politique ou économique. Ces deux aspects seront donc le cœur de la partie empirique qui confirmera ou infirmera les postulats de base des théories néo-libérales appliquées à ce cas de figure.Master [60] en sciences politiques, orientation générale (horaire décalé), Université catholique de Louvain, 2017La diffusion de ce mémoire n'est pas autorisée par l'institutio

Etude pour la conception d'un réseau d'épidémiosurveillance en médecine des carnivores domestiques

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterization of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium Glutathione Transferase Reveals a Novel Structural and Functional Class with Ligandin Properties

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a superfamily of multifunctional proteins with essential roles in cellular detoxification processes. Anew fungal specific class of GST has been highlighted by genomic approaches. The biochemical and structural characterization of one isoform of this class in Phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed original properties. The three-dimensional structure showed a new dimerization mode and specific features by comparison with the canonical GST structure. An additional beta-hairpin motif in the N-terminal domain prevents the formation of the regular GST dimer and acts as a lid, which closes upon glutathione binding. Moreover, this isoform is the first described GST that contains all secondary structural elements, including helix alpha 4' in the C-terminal domain, of the pre-sumed common ancestor of cytosolic GSTs (i.e. glutaredoxin 2). A sulfate binding site has been identified close to the glutathione binding site and allows the binding of 8-anilino-1-naphtalene sulfonic acid. Competition experiments between 8-anilino-1-naphtalene sulfonic acid, which has fluorescent properties, and various molecules showed that this GST binds glutathionylated and sulfated compounds but also wood extractive molecules, such as vanillin, chloronitrobenzoic acid, hydroxyacetophenone, catechins, and aldehydes, in the glutathione pocket. This enzyme could thus function as a classical GST through the addition of glutathione mainly to phenethyl isothiocyanate, but alternatively and in a competitive way, it could also act as a ligandin of wood extractive compounds. These new structural and functional properties lead us to propose that this GST belongs to a new class that we name GSTFuA, for fungal specific GST class A

Oligodendrocyte differentiation is increased in transferrin transgenic mice

International audienc

Low level CpG island promoter methylation predicts a poor outcome in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

International audienceCancer cells undergo massive alterations in their DNA methylation patterns which result in aberrant gene expression and malignantphe notypes. Abnormal DNA methylation is a prognostic marker in several malignancies, but its potential prognostic signifi cance in adult T-cel lacute lymphoblastic leukemia is poorly defined. Here, we performed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation to obtain a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of promoter methylation in adult T-cell Acute Ly mphoblastic Leukemia (n=24) compared to normal thym i (n=3). We identified a CpG hypermethylator phenotype that distinguishes two T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia subgroups and further validate it in an independent series of 17 T-L ymphoblastic Lymphoma. Next, we identified a methylation classifier based on 9 promoters which accurately predict the methylation phenotype. This classifier was applied to an independent series of 168 primary adult T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias treated accordingly to the GRAAL L03/05 trial using methyl ation-spec ific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Importantly hypomethylation correl ated with s pecific oncogenic s ubtypes of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias and identified patients associated with a poor clinical outcome. This methylation -specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification based methylation profiling could be useful for therapeutic stratification of adult T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias in routine practice

Efficacy and safety of crizotinib in ALK-positive systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in children, adolescents, and adult patients: results of the French AcS-crizotinib trial

International audienceBackground: The French phase II AcSé-crizotinib trial aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of crizotinib in patients with ALK, ROS1, and MET-driven malignancies, including ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALK ALCL). Methods - ALK ALCL patients 12 months or older with measurable disease and no standard care options available received crizotinib twice daily at 165 mg/m in children and adolescents and 250 mg in adults. The primary end-point was the response rate at 8 weeks.Results: Twenty-eight patients were enroled between February 2014 and March 2018. Three patients who were not treated were excluded from the analysis. The median age was 19 years. The median previous line of chemotherapy was two. In the 24 patients with an evaluable response, the response rate at 8 weeks was 67% (95% CI: 47-82%). All patients discontinued crizotinib after a median treatment duration of 3.7 months: eight for progression, two for adverse events (AEs) related to prior treatments, and 15 by choice, including six for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. The median follow-up was 45 months. Nine patients experienced an event: eight relapses (seven after crizotinib discontinuation and one after dose reduction), and one died in complete remission. The median duration of response was 43.3 months (95% CI: 8.3-not reached). The 3-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 40% (95% CI: 23-59%) and 63% (95% CI: 43-79%). Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 32% of patients.Conclusion: Crizotinib shows efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in ALK ALCL relapsed/refractory patients. However, a large proportion of patients experience a relapse after crizotinib discontinuation. Future studies will assess if prolonged ALK inhibitor exposure has curative potential without consolidation