STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIPIZIDE

A novel, precise and accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Glipizide in combined pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Microsorb-MV C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with UV detection at 257 nm. The mobile phase consists of acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v and at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 60-140 μg/mL for Metformin and 10-50 μg/mL for Glipizide. The retention times for Metformin and Glipizide were found to be 2.434 min and 5.710 min respectively. The mean percentage recoveries of Metformin and Glipizide were found to be 100.42% and 100.39% respectively. The method was validated and was successfully employed for the routine quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing Metformin and Glipizide in combined pharmaceutical formulation

Modelling Accessibility based on Urbanization using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

The present study involves modelling the accessibility index with respect to the traffic volume, Right of Way width and Population density. It also involves the collection of number of different types of opportunities like schools, hospitals, ATMs, bus-stops and parks to determine the accessibility index. Two different methods are used in the study such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to develop models in order to predict the accessibility index. Based on the R2 value obtained in the models, it is observed that ANN has better prediction capability than MLR model. The study acts as a guide to the urban transportation planners to understand the change in accessibility index when there is a change in urbanization variables

Intellectual Property Rights of Electronic Information in the Age of Digital Convergence

The laws of intellectual property aim to protect owners of the literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works; designs, innovations and inventions from unauthorized use or exploitation by some one else. Though every country has enacted laws to protect intellectual property of its citizens, many infringements take place and a majority of them end up in courts of law. The developments in information and communication technologies made the situation grimmer. This paper briefly explains the copyright and protection of electronic information, its security in network environment, and copyright provisions for databases, multimedia works, and computer software. The relevant provisions of the European Union, the American and the Indian legislative developments as well as the international efforts were touched. The various facets of the information Technology Act and the recently tabled Communications Convergence Bill have been discussed. Despite all the legislative efforts, a level playing field is needed for the rights owners, publishers, library professionals and user

Phenotypic trait association studies in brinjal upon drought stress

Eggplant is popularly known as poor man’s vegetable. With respect to present situation of climatic challenges, fruit yield of eggplant is reduced due to drought or moisture stresses. In view of this condition, an experiment was aimed to study character association between yield and yield components in eggplant. The resultant outcome from correlation analysis computed among nine eggplant characters indicated that traits like plant height and total plant length at harvesting, fruit length and number of fruits per plant significantly correlated with fruit yield per plant. Whereas, traits like plant height and total plant length observed at harvesting stage, number of days for flower initiation, number of primary branches, fruit length and average fruit weight were significantly associated with fruit yield per plant under moisture stressed condition

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PARACETAMOL SUSPENSION BY USING NATURAL SUSPENDING AGENT EXTRACTED FROM BANANA PEELS

The present work was aimed to formulate and evaluate a new, cheap and effective natural suspending agent that can be used as an effective alternative for traditional suspending agent. The study procedure involved extraction of suspending agent from the Musa paradisica (Banana) fruit peels, determination of swelling index, phytochemical testing, Micromeritic properties of mucilage like Bulk density, Tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, Angle of repose, Calibration of paracetamol, preparation of paracetamol suspensions and evaluated for pH determination, determination of sedimentation volume, redispersibility, determination of flow rate, measurement of viscosity, effect of temperature, drug content, particle size determination and In-vitro dissolution studies. The study showed that the extraction of suspending agent from banana fruit peels. The swelling index was found to be 40%. The photochemical test showed contains carbohydrates. As the concentration of suspending agent increases therefore viscosity of suspension increases which ultimately reduces the sedimentation of suspension

Genetic variability studies in amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.)

An investigation was carried out to estimate the nature and extent of genetic variability​ ​among twenty Amaranthus genotypes (Amaranthus spp.) under a randomized block designduring the year 2019-20. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic​ ​coefficient of variation for all the traits. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and​ ​phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) was observed for leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area​ ​duration, AGR, dry weight of leaf per plant, specific leaf weight, speed of germination,​ ​chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Moderate GCV and PCV were observed​ ​for leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, dry weight of stem per plant, leaf: stem ratio and​ ​foliage yield per plant. The high estimates of heritability coupled with higher values of genetic​ ​advance as per cent mean (GAM) were observed for the parameters like test weight, speed of​ ​germination, germination percentage, seedling dry matter, seedling vigour index-1, seedling​ ​vigour index-2, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area​ ​duration, AGR, specific leaf weight, stem weight per plot, dry weight of leaf, dry weight of​ ​stem, leaf: stem ratio, foliage yield per plant, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and beta- carotene​ ​content which indicates the predominance of additive gene action. Arka Arunima,​ ​Chikmagalur local, IC-551486, IC-551494 and IC-551466 recorded high foliage yield per​ ​plot and these can be utilized in further breeding programmes

Dissection of genetic diversity present in eggplant populations using simple sequence repeat markers

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the third most important solanaceous vegetable and most diversified within species spread across the world-geographical area. A study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among the selected fifty-four eggplant genotypes (sub-categorized into five sub-population) using twenty-three SSR markers. The Analysis of Molecular Variance among the five sub-population of eggplant revealed the existence of 90.67% variation within populations and 9.34% variation among populations. The SSR markers analysis revealed important locus-wise information like mean Observed-Heterozygosity (0.216), mean Expected-Heterozygosity (0.496), Shannon’s Information Index (0.879), mean number of different alleles (3.209), mean number of effective alleles (2.535), Fixation-Index (0.649). Further, Phylogenetic-analysis clearly categorize genetically distinct individuals in which the most diversified clusters was cluster-1 (C1) out of total of five clusters and especially, wild cultivars were grouped into cluster-5 (C5). The obtained results can be used in eggplant breeding and germplasm conservation in a resourceful manner

Pulsed electric field processing of functional drink based on tender coconut water (Cococus nucifera L.) - nannari (Hemidesmus indicus) blended beverage

Tender coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) Nannari extract (Hemidesmus indicus L.) ready-to serve (RTS) blended beverage were optimised. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the levels of independent variables (levels of tender coconut water, nannari extract and sugar). The responses of pH, ºBrix, CIE colour (L*, a* and b*) value and OAA were studied. The data obtained were analysed by multiple regression technique to generate suitable mathematical models. The developed blended beverage was processed using pulsed electric field (PEF) with electric field 31.2 kV/cm, 20 pulse widths at 100 Hz frequency to minimise nutritional and sensory attributes losses and compared with conventional thermal pasteurization (96 ºC for 360 s) with p-value of 8.03. Thermal pasteurization showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in colour value, radical scavenging activity and overall acceptability after treatment and also during storage, when compared to PEF treated tender coconut water-nannari blended beverage. PEF treatment also achieved a 3.01 ± 0.69 log inactivation, similar to thermal pasteurization of native micro flora. PEF treated tender coconut water-nannari blended beverage was stable up to 120 days under ambient storage condition (27-30 °C)

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Guava (Psidium guajava) Germplasm Using Microsatellites

Although the varietal diversity is fairly rich in guava, most varieties lack one or more desirable characters. Hence, attempts were made for improving specific traits, viz., attractive pink pulp colour, soft seeds, medium fruit size, high TSS and high ascorbic acid. Genetic diversity analysis is a prerequisite for identifying potential parents in breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Molecular characterization helps discriminate closely-related genotypes, as, this technique is unaffected by environment, rendering it more reliable. In this study, 48 polymorphic SSRs screened from a total of 115 SSR markers were used for analyzing marker segregation in 72 guava accessions. Statistical analysis was done using IDENTITY1.0 and CERVUS 3.0 software. Cluster analysis was done with DARwin 5.0 software, using Wards Minimum Variance method, and weighted group neighbour joining method, to check reliability of grouping among clusters. The trend in grouping was found to be similar in both methods. Dendrograms generated showed that the hybrids clustered with their parents; exotic collections fell into two different sub-groups based on productivity; the wild species formed one group; and Navalar cultivars from Dharwad clustered together, reflecting similar origin

Pharmacological activities of some synthetic peptides related to dermorphin

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the structure of demorphins (DM) and their pharmacological properties, six analogues of Hyp6DM and Pro6DM were synthesised and their biological activities were studied. Methods: The peptides were synthesised by the solid phase method using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid trichlorophenyl esters as coupling agents and Merrifield resin as solid support. The opioid agonist activity was studied using co-axially, electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (GPI, in vitro). Their analgesic activity was assessed in mice using Eddy's hot plate method and tail-flick method. The antidiarrhoeal activity was determined by the charcoal meal test in mice. Results: In the GPI assay, the synthetic analogues possess agonistic activity that are less pronounced than morphine. Peptides I and II (substitution of ser of position 7 and Gly at position 4 in Hyp6DM series respectively) possessed considerable analgesic activity but are almost inactive in the GPI assay. Peptide III (Pro6, Sar7DM) possess only analgesic activity. In GPI assay, peptide IV was inactive. Peptide V and VI had equipotent analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity. Conclusion: Peptides with various structures can possess specificities that may prove useful in biological applications. Among them Sar4, Hyp6, Tyr7DM, Hyp6, Pro7DM, Pro6, Sar DM and Phg3, ProDM exhibited a high degree of selectivity in their activities