Deconfinement Phase Transition Heating and Thermal Evolution of Neutron Stars

The deconfinement phase transition will lead to the release of latent heat during spins down of neutron stars if the transition is the first-order one.We have investigated the thermal evolution of neutron stars undergoing such deconfinement phase transition. The results show that neutron stars may be heated to higher temperature.This feature could be particularly interesting for high temperature of low-magnetic field millisecond pulsar at late stage.Comment: 4 pages, to be published by American Institute of Physics, ed. D.Lai, X.D.Li and Y.F.Yuan, as the Proceedings of the conference Astrophysics of Compact Object

The Core-Periphery Structure of Destination Image: An Exploration via Social Network Analysis

The core-periphery structure (C/PS) of destination image, recently proposed as an alternative image model, has scarcely been tested. Presumably, the lack of appropriate techniques plays an important role in the limited theory testing efforts. Besides, it remains unclear how people retrieve destination image from memory, when we place destination image into a C-P model. Understanding the structure of destination image could reveal insights into image retrieval. This research aims to introduce social network analysis as a new approach to test the C/PS of destination image, and identify the retrieving paths of destination image adopted by potential tourists. Image descriptions about the Shanghai Disney Resort (SHDR) were collected from 1,000 respondents, and the data was analyzed via social network techniques. Results show that the image of SHDR has both single and multiple C/PSs, and image retrieval of respondents either follows a core-to-periphery path or fluctuates between two neighboring levels of core/periphery

Retraction and Generalized Extension of Computing with Words

Fuzzy automata, whose input alphabet is a set of numbers or symbols, are a formal model of computing with values. Motivated by Zadeh's paradigm of computing with words rather than numbers, Ying proposed a kind of fuzzy automata, whose input alphabet consists of all fuzzy subsets of a set of symbols, as a formal model of computing with all words. In this paper, we introduce a somewhat general formal model of computing with (some special) words. The new features of the model are that the input alphabet only comprises some (not necessarily all) fuzzy subsets of a set of symbols and the fuzzy transition function can be specified arbitrarily. By employing the methodology of fuzzy control, we establish a retraction principle from computing with words to computing with values for handling crisp inputs and a generalized extension principle from computing with words to computing with all words for handling fuzzy inputs. These principles show that computing with values and computing with all words can be respectively implemented by computing with words. Some algebraic properties of retractions and generalized extensions are addressed as well.Comment: 13 double column pages; 3 figures; to be published in the IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System

Natural sd-RCCA secure public-key encryptions from hybrid paradigms

The existence of natural public-key encryption (PKE) schemes satisfying secretly detectable replayable CCA (sd-RCCA) security is left as open. By introducing probabilistic message authentication codes (MACs) into popular KEM plus DEM paradigms, several instances of such schemes are presented in this paper. It is known that the encrypt-then-authenticate paradigm gives an RCCA secure DEM when the underlying MAC is regular (but not strong) secure, where forgeries for old messages might be possible. By further requiring that the validity of such forgeries can be verified only secretly, sd-RCCA secure DEMs is obtained. Combining such DEMs with CCA secure KEMs gives sd-RCCA secure hybrid PKEs. We first formalize the related notions and this paradigm, and also other variants of KEM plus DEM hybrid paradigm since MACs are commonly used in them. Then we show natural examples of desired probabilistic MACs under the standard DDH assumption, and find appropriate KEMs to match the message space for those MACs and then obtain natural instances of sd-RCCA secure hybrid PKEs

Holographic n-partite Information in Hyperscaling Violating Geometry

The $n$-partite information (nI) is formulated as a measure of multi-partite entanglement. Field theory computation revealed that the sign of nI is indefinite for $n\geq 3$, while holographic studies conjectured a sign property that holographic nI is non-negative/non-positive for even/odd $n$, with tripartite information (TI, $n=3$) proved. We investigate the aspects of nI with holographic duality. With a generically static bulk geometry, we give an alternate geometric proof that holographic TI for parallel disjoint boundary strips is non-positive, and illustrate that remarkably for larger $n$, the sign is indefinite. In hyperscaling violating geometry, we confirm the conjectured sign property for strips of equal length with equal separation distance, and self-consistently disprove this conjecture for $n>3$ with general configurations. Therefore, nI in field theories and holography exhibits compatibility except for $n=3$. We also discuss other properties of holographic nI with analytic computation: the monotonicity, linearity, relation to hyperscaling violating parameters, temperature and UV cutoff effects, and the physical implications. It is doubtful that nI is an effective measure of entanglement considering the indefinite sign, non-monotonicity, and quasi-linearity of its holographic dual. In this respect, we propose constraints on the multi-partite entanglement measures.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figure

A Study of Strain-Induced Phase Transformations in TiNi Alloy by Electric Resistance Method

It is generally recognized that the shape memory effect (SME) is associated the interaction of stress with thermoelastic martensitic transformation [1]. The phase transformations in TiNi alloy was reported to occur as three kinds of B2→R, B2→M, R→M phase transformations [2]. There are different views about premartensitic transformation in TiNi based alloys. Mwang et al [3] reported a transformation sequence in TiNiFe alloy that was the parent B2→Incommensurate I→Rhombohedra R→Martensite M. But many authors [2,4] reported that the premartensitic structure of TiNi alloy is rhombohedra. It is known that the electric resistance increase in the premartensitic transformation range was because of the R-phase taking affect. The electric resistance decrease below the temperature MS was because of the martensite occurence. It is not clear what occurred when the SME alloy is made a plastic deformation. Muang et al [5] was reported that in a TiNi alloy the new rhombohedral phase, perhaps, was induced by stress in the internal friction experiment. In this paper the phase transformation induced by the plastic deformation was studied by the electric resistance method

Pulsar Glitch in a Strangeon Star Model. III The recovery

Strangeon star model has passed various observational tests, such as the massive pulsars and the tidal deformability during binary mergers. Pulsar glitch, as a useful probe for studying the interior structure of pulsars, has also been studied in strangeon star model in our previous papers, including the recovery coefficient, the waiting time of glitches and glitch activity. In this paper, the recovery process of a glitch is described in the strangeon star model, based on the starquake picture established in Paper I. After the starquake, the inner motion of the stellar matter would reduce the tangential pressure in the cracked places at the equatorial plane. The recovery (increase) of the tangential pressure would be achieved by a viscous flow towards the cracked places at equatorial plane, which leads to the exponential recovery of the spin frequency. A uniform viscous flow can reproduce the single exponential decay observed in some glitches, and the viscous time-scale $\tau$ and the depth $h$ of the cracking place below the surface can be fitted by the recovery data. It is found that $h$ increases with glitch size $\Delta\nu/\nu$, which is expected in the glitch scenario of strangeon stars. The magnitude of the recovery predicted in this recovery model is also consistent with that derived from observations. The single exponential decay reproduced by a uniform viscous flow can be generalized to two or more exponentials by the multi-component of viscous flows.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Heavy Metal Emission Characteristics of Urban Road Runoff

Pavement runoff sampling points were set up on the main roads of Chengdu city. Six rainfall-runoff events from July to September in 2017 were sampled by synchronous observation of rainfall, runoff and pollution. The concentration changes of copper, lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in the runoff process were monitored, and the pollution emission regularity and initial scouring effect were studied. The results show that the emission regularity of pavement runoff pollution is closely related to rainfall characteristics and pollutant occurrence, and the concentration of dissolved heavy metals reaches its peak at the initial stage of runoff. The peak time of particulate heavy metal concentration lagged slightly behind that of rainfall intensity. There is a big difference between the strength of initial scouring degree and dissolved heavy metals the stronger the initial scouring degree of total heavy metals, the weaker the dissolved heavy metals. Reducing pavement runoff in the early stage of rainfall is an effective means to control heavy metal pollution