Assessment of material-atmosphere interactions during scanning laser cleaning of archaeological bronze alloys: A Roman coin case study

The main goal of this research was to assess the presence of possible reoxidation phenomena during laser cleaning procedures carried out on Cu-based archaeological artefacts. Previous studies conducted on archaeological and artificial corrosion layers, highlighted that the laser ablation procedures (removal of unwanted materials) do not change the composition of the corrosion layers and that detectable re-oxidation phenomena occur on laser-treated surfaces for intense laser conditions, not applicable on Cultural Heritage artefacts. A novel approach, recently developed on Material Science field by these Authors, is here applied in the Conservation Science field: the use of a traceable isotope combined with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) on an archaeological bronze coin. This approach, applied for the first time on an archaeological artefact, allows assessing the presence of possible re-oxidation phenomena that might occur on object surfaces during optimised cleaning procedures

Phase estimation with limited coherence

We investigate the ultimate precision limits for quantum phase estimation in terms of the coherence, $C$, of the probe. For pure states, we give the minimum estimation variance attainable, $V(C)$, and the optimal state, in the asymptotic limit when the probe system size, $n$, is large. We prove that pure states are optimal only if $C$ scales as $n$ with a sufficiently large proportionality factor, and that the rank of the optimal state increases with decreasing $C$, eventually becoming full-rank. We show that the variance exhibits a Heisenberg-like scaling, $V(C) \sim a_n/C^2$, where $a_n$ decreases to $\pi^2/3$ as $n$ increases, leading to a dimension-independent relation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

ToF-SIMS and -Raman measurements on laser cleaned bronze archaeological artefacts

n this study, ToF-SIMS and -Raman analyses have been employed to assess the feasibility of laser treatments as a selective, non invasive cleaning methodology for archaeological metallic artefacts. A Q-switched Yb:YAG fibre laser, operating at 1064 nm, has been used for the cleaning treatments, carried out in air and 18O rich atmosphere on an ancient bronze coin. The preliminary results show that laser cleaning treatment selectively removes the dangerous oxyhydroxy chlorides corrosion products without affecting the cuprite protective patina grown directly in contact with the metallic surface

Monitoring and conservation of the Critically Endangered Alaotran gentle lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis

The Alaotran gentle lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis is a Critically Endangered lemur, which exclusively inhabits the marshes around Lac Alaotra in northeast Madagascar. In the past decades the population of H. alaotrensis has experienced a dramatic decline due to poaching, habitat destruction and degradation. Surveys have been carried out periodically to follow the status of the population. Here we present the results of a survey carried out between May and June 2008 in the southwestern part of the marshes around Alaotra and discuss the key findings derived from the analysis of the data collected. Our study indicates that the probability of detecting the species in an area where it is present is very low and depends on factors that vary in space and time. These results stress the need to account for imperfect detection when monitoring this species, an issue especially relevant when reporting population trends. Our analyses also show that habitat fragmentation is a key determinant of habitat suitability for H. alaotrensis, with fragmented areas of marsh showing low suitability. Finally, our observations and analysis suggest that the protection provided by the local community to H. alaotrensis in Andreba is contributing to the conservation of this Critically Endangered species. This highlights the need to continue working on engaging the local communities in the conservation of the marshes at Lac Alaotra as a critical element to secure the future of H. alaotrensis. KEYWORDS: bandro, habitat suitability, habitat fragmentation, imperfect detection, Maxent

Monitoring and conservation of the critically endangered Alaotran gentle lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis

The Alaotran gentle lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis is a Critically Endangered lemur, which exclusively inhabits the marshes around Lac Alaotra in northeast Madagascar. In the past decades the population of H. alaotrensis has experienced a dramatic decline due to poaching, habitat destruction and degradation. Surveys have been carried out periodically to follow the status of the population. Here we present the results of a survey carried out between May and June 2008 in the southwestern part of the marshes around Alaotra and discuss the key findings derived from the analysis of the data collected. Our study indicates that the probability of detecting the species in an area where it is present is very low and depends on factors that vary in space and time. These results stress the need to account for imperfect detection when monitoring this species, an issue especially relevant when reporting population trends. Our analyses also show that habitat fragmentation is a key determinant of habitat suitability for H. alaotrensis, with fragmented areas of marsh showing low suitability. Finally, our observations and analysis suggest that the protection provided by the local community to H. alaotrensis in Andreba is contributing to the conservation of this Critically Endangered species. This highlights the need to continue working on engaging the local communities in the conservation of the marshes at Lac Alaotra as a critical element to secure the future of H. alaotrensis

Arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay bundles on cubic threefolds

We study arithmetically Cohen Macaulay bundles on cubic threefolds by using derived category techniques. We prove that the moduli space of stable Ulrich bundles of any rank is always non-empty by showing that it is birational to a moduli space of semistable torsion sheaves on the projective plane endowed with the action of a Clifford algebra. We describe this birational isomorphism via wall-crossing in the space of Bridgeland stability conditions, in the example of instanton sheaves of minimal charge

A general theorem on angular-momentum changes due to potential vorticity mixing and on potential-energy changes due to buoyancy mixing

An initial zonally symmetric quasigeostrophic potential-vorticity (PV) distribution q_i(y) is subjected to complete or partial mixing within some finite zone |y| < L, where y is latitude. The change in M, the total absolute angular momentum, between the initial and any later time is considered. For standard quasigeostrophic shallow-water beta-channel dynamics it is proved that, for any q_i(y) such that dq_i/dy > 0 throughout |y| < L, the change in M is always negative. This theorem holds even when "mixing" is understood in the most general possible sense. Arbitrary stirring or advective rearrangement is included, combined to an arbitrary extent with spatially inhomogeneous diffusion. The theorem holds whether or not the PV distribution is zonally symmetric at the later time. The same theorem governs Boussinesq potential-energy changes due to buoyancy mixing in the vertical. For the standard quasigeostrophic beta-channel dynamics to be valid the Rossby deformation length L_D >> \epsilon L where \epsilon is the Rossby number; when L_D = \infty the theorem applies not only to the beta-channel, but also to a single barotropic layer on the full sphere, as considered in the recent work of Dunkerton and Scott on "PV staircases". It follows that the M-conserving PV reconfigurations studied by those authors must involve processes describable as PV unmixing, or anti-diffusion, in the sense of time-reversed diffusion. Ordinary jet self-sharpening and jet-core acceleration do not, by contrast, require unmixing, as is shown here by detailed analysis. Mixing in the jet flanks suffices. The theorem extends to multiple layers and continuous stratification. A corollary is a new nonlinear stability theorem for shear flows.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures; Final version, accepted by J. Atmos. Sci, in pres

Pre-evaluación DIT de la resistencia frente a la succión del viento de kits de revestimiento de fachada ventilada con bandejas de paneles composite de aluminio

The pre-assessment DIT of innovative building kits will facilitate the posterior issuing of a Technical Agrément throughout a preliminary but reliable assessment of fitness for use based on their critical performances. For cladding kits based on horizontal stiffened cassettes made of ACP, one of them is the resistance to wind loads. But there is no specific method available yet. It has been analysed its safety in the field of assurance against meteorological risks and regulations. It has been established as hypothesis, that kits would resist winds of speed up to 96 km/h with no breakage neither significant permanent deflections. Different cassettes were tested on a real-scale rig built up with different cassettes. Results lead to conclude that these kits will be safe against wind suction if they resist 2,4 kPa without breakages, and accumulated instantaneous and permanent deflections are restricted respectively to values up to L/30 and L/300, where L is the span between supports.La pre-evaluación DIT de sistemas constructivos innovadores facilitará la posterior emisión de un DIT mediante una evaluación preliminar pero fiable de aquellas prestaciones críticas relativas a su idoneidad de empleo. Para los kits de revestimiento de fachada ventilada con bandejas horizontales procedentes de PCA rigidizadas por su trasdós, una de éstas es la resistencia frente al viento. Pero no hay un método específico. Se analizó su seguridad desde los ámbitos del aseguramiento frente al riesgo meteorológico y de la normativa. Se estableció como hipótesis que resistirían sin roturas ni deformaciones permanentes significativas, valores de succión de viento de hasta 96 km/h. Se ensayaron diferentes bandejas en una maqueta a escala real. Se concluye que estos kits serán seguros si resisten un valor de 2,4 kPa sin rotura, y se limitan las deformaciones acumuladas instantáneas y residuales a valores máximos respectivos de L/30 y L/300, siendo L la distancia entre apoyos